Muddooyinka Geological si taariikh. Taariikhda dhulka ee Dhulka

Taariikhda Earth caalamka ayaa 7 bilyan oo sano. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan, our guriga ayaa isbedelo la taaban karo, taas oo ahayd natiijo ah oo isbedelka ah ee caadada. muddooyinka Geological chronologically Muujin taariikhda oo dhan dunida tan iyo markii la aasaasay ilaa maantadan la joogo.

taariikhda dhulka ee

Taariikhda dhulka, matalayay sida caadada kooxaha u cunanta iyo muddooyinka waa taariikhiyan ah oo isugu keenaa. Marka cilmi dhul miyi ah oo caalami ah marka hore waxaa la sameeyey qiyaasta taariikh gaar ah, kaas oo wakiil periodization ee Dhulka. Ka dibna, kala duwan oo taas waxaa loo xoojiyey macluumaad cusub oo bedelay, iyadoo ay sabab u maanta waxa uu muujinayaa dhamaan waqtiyada dhulka si taariikh.

Unugyada ugu weyn ee miisaanka this yihiin eonothem, jireen waagii ama caadada.

formation of Earth

muddooyinka dhulka ee Earth ee chronologically raad asal ahaan ay u formation of caalamka waa. Seynisyahanno gaarnay heer ah in Earth la aasaasay oo ku saabsan 4.5 billion sano ka hor yimid. Geedi socodka aad u of ay formation uu ahaa mid aad u dheer oo laga yaabaa in ay bilaabeen 7 billion sano oo kale ka hor ka qayb meel yar. Waqti ka, ciidanka of cuf ayaa koray oo ay weheliso u kordhiyaa xawaaraha jirkooda ku dhacaya caalamka soo baxaya. tamarta ogeed waxaa loo beddelaa kulaylka, keenaya kululaaneysa tartiib tartiib ah ee dhulka.

Earth ee muhiimka ah, oo ku saabsan fikradaha of saynisyahano, waxaa la sameeyay dhowr boqol oo milyan oo sano, ka dib markii taas qaboojinta tartiib tartiib ah ee caalamka. Currently, xuduntii la shubay ku jira 30% of mass ee Dhulka. Horumarinta kale daboolayaa caalamka, sida ay saynisyahano, waa inaysan weli ka dhamaan.

Eon Precambrian

In geochronology Eon koowaad ee Earth waxaa lagu magacaabaa Precambrian ah. Waxaana ay ku aaddan 4.5 bilyan jeer - 600 milyan oo sano ka hor. In uu yahay, qeybta libaax ee taariikhda adduunka ayaa waxaa marka hore la daboolay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybi Eon oo dheeraad ah saddex - Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic. Oo marar badan ugu horreeyey oo ka mid ah waa Eon madax banaan.

Wakhtigan, waxaa jiray formation of qolof ah dhulka ee, dhulka iyo biyo. All this dhacay intii hawshu Kobenhagen ugu aeon ah. Boorarka adduunka oo dhan ayaa la aasaasay sanadkii Precambrian ah, laakiin raad nolosha waa dhif iyo naadir.

Katarchean Eon

Bilowgii taariikhda dhulka - badh billion sano jiritaankeeda sayniska ah oo lagu magacaabo Katarchean. Xadka sare ee aeon tani waa qiyaastii 4 bilyan oo sano ka hor.

Fiction noo barbaro sida muddada Hadean isbedel Kobenhagen iyo dhuleedka firfircoon on oogada Dhulka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xaqiiqada this run ma aha.

Katarchean Eon - waqti marka hawl Kobenhagen aan la muujiyay, iyo oogada dhulka ee waa cidla ah inhospitable qabow. Inkasta oo inta badan ka dhacay dhulgariir, kaas oo smoothed muuqaalkii. dusha wuxuu u ekaa walax hoose regolite madow cawlan lakabka dahaarka leh. Maalinta waqtiga lagu tiriyaa saacadood oo keliya 6.

Eon Archean

The Eon labaad ugu weyn ee afar tegey on qiyaastii 1.5 bilyan oo sano ee taariikhda dhulka - 4-2,5 billion sano ka hor. Oo markaasaa dalku weli ma lahaa jawi, si nolosha ma jirin, laakiin Eon this yimaado bixitaanka bakteeriyada ay sabab u la'aanta ah ee ogsijiin, iyagu waa anaerobic. Sidaas darteed of hawlahooda aan hadda haysanno lacag dhigaal ah ee macdanta sida birta, carbon, baaruud iyo nickel. Taariikhda dheer "Archean" waxa uu leeyahay asalka ay 1872, markii ay la soo jeediyey saynisyahan caan American Dan John.. Eon Archaean, ka duwan mid ka mid ah la soo dhaafay, waxa lagu gartaa hawl Kobenhagen sare iyo nabaad guurka.

Proterozoic Eon

Haddii aan ka fiirsan muddooyinka dhulka si taariikh, ka billion sano ee soo socota qaaday Proterozoic. muddo waxaa sidoo kale lagu gartaa hawl Kobenhagen sare iyo Kimikada, nabaad guurka sidoo kale waxay koobeysaa qaybo badan.

T waxaa la aasaasay. N. laabanto Baikalian Horizontal. Currently, iyagu waa hills yar dhulka bannaanka ahba. Dhagaxyada Eon this yihiin kuwo aad u hodan ku Miikaa, senti non-ferrous iyo bir.

Waa in la ogaadaa in muddada Proterozoic Dad horeysay nool - protozoa, algae iyo fangaska. By dhamaadka aeon muuqan Gooryaanka, xawayaanka badda, mollusks.

The Eon Phanerozoic

Dhammaan xilliyada dhulka si taariikh loo qaybin karaa laba nooc - ka ee ilqabatinka iyo gabbaad. Phanerozoic loola jeedaa cad. Wakhtigan waxaa jira tiro badan oo ah noolaha la Qalfoofkii macdanta. xilligii la soo dhaafay Phanerozoic ah, ayaa u yeedhay oo qarsoon, maxaa yeelay raad waxaa ka mid ah ku dhowaad aan la helin sabab u la'aanta ah ee Qalfoofkii macdanta.

The 600 milyan oo sanno ee ugu danbeysay ee taariikhda dhulkeenna lagu magacaabo Eon Phanerozoic. The dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee Eon this - Qarax Cambrian, kaas oo ka dhacay oo ku saabsan 540 milyan oo sano ka hor, iyo shan noolaha waaweyn ee taariikhda adduunka ee.

Xilligii Eon ku Precambrian

Inta lagu guda jiro Katarchean iyo Archean jirin jireen waagii adduunka laga aqbalay iyo caadada, sidaa darteed waxaan iyaga ka boodi doonaa si loogu tixgeliyo.

Proterozoic sidoo kale ka kooban tahay saddex jireen waagii waaweyn:

Palaeoproterozoic - .. R e siderite kooban qadiimiga ah, oroziry muddo riasiysky iyo istater. By dhamaadka Zaman this, fiirsashada oxygen in jawiga uu gaadhay heer hadda.

Mesoproterozoic - celcelis ahaan. Waxay ka kooban tahay saddex - Kalima, ectasia iyo derbiyada. Ayado this of algae iyo bakteeriyada ka gaadhay meesha ugu sarreysa ee ay barwaaqo.

Neoproterozoic - cusub, oo ka kooban Tonia, cryogenic iyo Ediacaria. Wakhtigan, formation of supercontinent ugu horeysay - Rodinia, laakiin markaas ka dib buu u saxan. The da'da barafka qabow dhacay xilligii lagu magacaabo Mesoproterozoic ah, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo dhegtay inta badan caalamka.

Xilligii Eon ku Phanerozoic

Eon Tan waxaa loo kala qaybiyey saddex xilliyo badan oo, aad bay u kala duwan yihiin midba midka kale:

Paleozoic, ama marxalad nolosha qadiimiga ah. Waxaa bilaabay oo ku saabsan 600 milyan oo sano ka hor iyo dhamaaday 230 milyan oo sano ka hor. PALEOZOIC ka kooban yahay 7 muddo:

1. Cambrian (on Earth ee la aasaasay cimilada qoraxda, muuqaalka dooxada, in muddo this waa ah ee noocyada casriga ah ee xoolaha).
2. Ordovician (cimilada dunida diiran ku filan oo dhan, oo xataa Jacaylku, dalka si xooga Hawiyaha. Dhacdaa muuqaalka kalluunka kolka hore).
3. muddo Silurian (waxaa jira formation a badaha gudaha waaweyn, dhulka ah waxa ay noqonayaan qalleyl ay sabab u tahay sare u qaadis ah ee dalka. horumarka joogtada ah ee kalluunka. muddada Silurian calaamadeeyay muuqaalka ugu horeysay ee cayayaanka).
4. Devon (dhacdo ka mid ah lafdhabarka hore iyo kaymaha).
5. Carboniferous Hoose (ferns saldanad, galayaan faafinta).
6. carbon sare iyo dhexe (muuqaalka kore ee ku gurguurta hore).
7. Perm (ugu dhinto xoolaha qadiimiga).

Mesozoic, ama waqtiga ku gurguurta. Taariikhda dhulka ee Era Mesozoic u qaybsan yahay saddex:

1. Trias (ferns abuur bakhtiyeen, gymnosperms heysatay, waxaa jira ee dinosaurs hore iyo nuujiya).
2. Jura (qayb ka mid ah Yurub iyo qaybta galbeed ee America daboolo badaha gacmeed, soo bixitaanka ka mid ah shimbiraha ugu horeysay waayihiisa).
3. Mel (muuqaalka kore ee Maple ah iyo geed alloon kaynta, iyo horumarka ugu badan ee eynu ka mid ah dinosaurs iyo Shimbiraha baxbaxsan).

Cenozoic, ama waqtiga nuujiya. Waxay ka kooban tahay laba periods:

1. Tertiary. In muddada hore ee bahal iyo ungulates gaaraan waaberiga, cimilada uu yahay diiran. Waxaa jira faafinta ugu badnaan kaymaha, nuujiya qadiimiga ah u dhimanayaan. Ku dhowaad 25 milyan oo sano ka hor, waxaa jira fageeyo, iyo nin u muuqataa in Pliocene ah.
2. Quaternary. Pleistocene - naaslay waawayn noqday bakhtiyeen, bulshada aadanaha dhasho, waxaa jira 4 muddo glacial, noocyada badan bakhtiyeen. Da'da casriga ah - dhamaadka da'da ee la soo dhaafay baraf, cimilada si tartiib tartiib ah uu noqdo qaab joogo. eegidda qofka caalamka oo dhan.

Taariikhda dhulka ee caalamka ayaa horumarka dheer iyo is burinaya. Marxaladani waxay ahayd meel dhowr noolaha of noolaha soo noqnoqda oo ku nool muddo glacial arkay xilliyo hawlo Kobenhagen sare ahaayeen sharci da'da kala duwan, ka bakteeriyada si aadanuhu. Taariikhda Dhulka bilaabay 7 billion sano ka hor, waxaa la aasaasay oo ku saabsan 4.5 billion sano ka hor, iyo kaliya in ka yar hal milyan oo sano ka hor, nin ayaa iska daayeen inay noqon tartamaya ee dabiiciga ah oo dhan.