Military kaalinta Russia: Taariikhda iyo casriga

Ereyga "darajo military" waxaa loola jeedaa jago in mashquulin askari ee ciidanka iyo ciidamada badda ee ka dhanka ah askari kale. Horyaalka kasta presupposes in ay u siday xuquuqda iyo mas'uuliyada gaar ah, kuwaas oo loo maamulaa sharciyada iyo xeerarka military.

Saf Military u muuqday, la waayey, ayaa waxaad fartaan Wannaagga oo ay la socdaan horumarka gobolka iyo bulshada. By ka barta taariikhda, waxaad baran kartaa wax badan oo ku saabsan horumarinta ciidamada qalabka sida ee Gobolka.

title ugu horeysay ee dib u soo XII-XIII qarniyo. muuqday Russia, In kasta oo military ah, waxaa loogu yeedhi karaa stretch ah. Inta badan, waxay qoondeeyey wax jago maamul. Under saameynta ay ku-Tatar Mongols in Russia waxaa jira safafka military sida desyatsky, oo dalbe, tysyatsky, laakiinse iyagu ma ay jiraan in madaxda oo dhan iyo weliba madax u taliya ama lambarka in dadka loo qoondeeyey. By habka, waxay markii dambe u noqday guul ku filan si ay u isticmaalaan Cossacks isku.

The oo safafka military si dhab ah Ruush ugu horeysay la ogan karo in 1647, markii Alexis la ansixiyay by ugu horeysay ee dalka xeerarka military. sharciga Tani waxa ay ahayd lagama maarmaan, maxaa yeelay, by wakhtigan, oo ay la socdaan ciidanka dhaqanka ee doorka abid difaaca dalka ee bilaabay in ay ciyaaro ka qaansoleydii iyo si-yaqaan "shelf ee nidaamka cusub." All safafka military on Charter ee loo qaybiyay laba qaybood - caadiga ah iyo jirka ah, kuwaas oo in nuxurka eg saraakiisha maanta. Halkan waxaan horay dalku loo isticmaalaa in waqtigan horyaalka ee Colonel, polupolkovnik, Lieutenant. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XVII ciidanka Ruush ah ayaa bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan horyaalka ee guud Guuto oo, ay barbar socdaan polupolkovnikom bilaabmaa in lagu dabaqo iyo ka badan la yaqaan waxaan falan - Colonel.

door muhiim ah geeddi-socodka lagu amro madaxda military ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka ciyaaray by hordhaca ah ee 1722 by Peter Table of Darajooyin. Sida laga soo xigtay dokumentigan barayaa liiska cad oo horyaal, ku xidhan tahay shaqo gaar ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in ee Table ka mid ah oo keliya madaxda ciidamada, laga bilaabo sarkaal sare, madaxda hoose ayaa nidaaminaya by qaynuunnadii la xiriira.

Muqaalka muhiimka ah ee ciidanka Ruush ahayd in helay horyaalka ilaalada ka tixgeliyo by laba noqtay ka badan in la helaa ee caadiga ah ciidan. Xaaladdan ayaa ka adkaaday ilaa 1884, markii oo dhan safafka military Ruush ayaa barbareeyay in xaaladdooda.

Sidoo kale dhowr mudan waxay ahaayeen Arsenal, horyaalka oo waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah tallaabo ilaa 1884 ka badan ku jira laabatooyinka ee caadiga ah. Tani ayaa lala xiriiriyay shuruudaha kor u kacay in adeegsan karo heerka aqoonta kuwa soo shaqeeyay ciidamada kuwan.

Saf Milatariga ee USSR ee sano ee ugu horreeya ka dib markii Revolution October waxay ahaayeen isku-dar ah jagooyinka amarka iyo kuwa lagu magacaabo "qaybaha adeegga": Taliyaha guutada ah, taliyaha, taliyaha koox dad ah, Taliyaha Asluubta. Kaliya ee 1935, madaxda ciidamada, iyadoo dhowr ka reeban, ayaa lagu soo celiyo qaab ay ku jirtay Czarist Russia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaar ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waxay bilaabeen inay ka dhawaajiyaan in si ka duwan, waayo, tusaale ahaan, halkii sirkaalka wax qora beerta darajadana ku xiga military ee dalka noqday Marshal ka mid ah Midowga Soofiyeeti.

Ka hor dhicin dagaalkii la Germany ee 1940, oo dhan posts amarka ayaa ugu danbayntii badalay by Jeneraaladii iyo darajo Admiral, taas oo ahayd in ay calaamad u kala guurka oo ka mid ah ciidamada qalabka sida Soviet heer cusub.

Saf Milatariga ee USSR ah intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii ka Great Patriotic soo maray isbedel yar, in unugyada Guard waxay bilaabeen inay in la isticmaalo "Guard" Horgalaha ahaayeen horjoogayaal iyo horjoogayaal ugu weyn ee kala duwan noocyada kala duwan ee ciidamada (gaashaaman, madaafiicda, duulista). Intaa waxaa dheer, in 1945 waxaa jiray darajo cusub ugu sareeya - Generalissimo Midowga Soofiyeeti, taas oo la siiyey Stalin.

Saf Milatariga ee USSR noqday saldhig u tahay horyaal ee ciidanka casriga Ruush. Isla mar ahaantaana, iyadoo ay sabab u dambaysta ah xilligan ee dib u habaynta ciidamada ayaa ku hartay Jannooyinka iyo saraakiil waaran. Cinwaanka Sarreeye labaad, in kastoo ay jiraan waa shiidaa ma loo xilsaaray.