Meeday daaha Allena? Waa maxay Lakabka Allena iyo sababta ay u baabba 'waa xun?

Ozonosphere - lakabka of jawiga of dhulkeenna, xafidaada qaybtii ugu adag ee spectrum ultraviolet ah. Qaar ka mid ah iftiinka qoraxda saamayn dhaawici on noolaha. Marmar ozonosphere noqdo khafiif ah, waxa ay u muuqataa godadka tirada kala duwan. Timi iyada oo godad on dusha sare ee dhulka si xor ah geli karin rays khatar ah. Meeday daaha Allena? Maxaa la samayn karaa si ay u badbaadin? Dooda oo ka mid ah dhulka juqraafiga iyo ecology u hibeeyeen ilaa ay article ee la soo jeediyey.

Waa maxay Allena?

Ogsijiin ee dunida ka jira qaab laba xeryahooda gaseous fudud, qayb ka mid ah biyaha iyo tiro aad u badan oo ah walxo kale oo caadi ka imanba iyo organic (silicates, carbonates, sulfates, protein, carbohydrate, baruurta). Mid ka mid ah beddelka allotropic element si fiican u yaqaan - oxygen walax fudud, ay formula - O _2. atamka Bedelida Second - O (Allena). formula walax this - About _3. taagoo Triatomic sameeyay markii xad dhaaf ah tamarta, tusaale ahaan, iyada oo sababtu tahay hillaac saaro ee dabiiciga ah. Next, waxaan ka heli doonaa waxa Allena daaha ka mid ah dhulka, sababta oo dhumucdiisuna waxay si joogto ah bedelay.

Allena ku hoos jira xaalad caadi ah - gaaska buluug isagoo af badan, dhadhan gaar ah. Miisaanka uu leeyahay kelli oo ah walaxda waa 48 (is barbar dhig - Mr _(Air) = _29). Urka Allena waa garabaka onkod ah, maxaa yeelay, ka dib markii this O arrin dabiici ah ₃ taagoo hawada siyaado. Fiirsashada korodhka ma aha oo kaliya ay daaha Allena, laakiin sidoo kale ku dhow inay dusha dhulka ee. Waxaa kiimikaad waa walax firfircoon waa sun noolaha, laakiin si dhakhso ah fogeeyay (biririf). In laboratories iyo warshadaha ku jira hindisooyin gaar ah - matoorrada Allena - waayo marayay siideeyn korontada hawada ama oxygen.

Waa maxay daaha Allena?

Taagoo O ₃ leeyihiin kiimiko sare iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa noolaha. Helitaanka eb saddexaadna wuxuu u soo oxygen diatomic waxaa ku weheliyay kordhay xarunta iyo xasilooni kaydinta tamarta. Allena dhaba decomposes doonaa oxygen kelli iyo walxaha firfircoon in si aada oxidizes waxyaabaha kale oo lagu dilay sheyga. Laakiin inta badan arrimaha la xiriira uraya xarunta la xidhiidhaan uu raasamaal jawi dhulka ee kor ku xusan. Waa maxay Lakabka Allena iyo sababta ay u baabba 'waa xun?

Si toos ah ugu dusha sare ee caalamka had iyo jeer waa xaddi gaar ah oo O kelli _3, laakiin sare u kordhiyaa-fiirsashada ee xarunta. Aasaasidda walax ay taasi dhacdo ahan sabab u shucaaca ka yimaada qoraxda ka, siday sahay badan oo ah tamar.

ozonosphere

Waxaa waa gobol ku yaala meel ka sarreeya dhulka, halkaas oo Allena waa ka badan at dusha sare. Laakiin guud ahaan, qolof ah oo ka kooban u taagoo of O ₃ - khafiif ah oo discontinuous. Meeday daaha Allena, ama ozonosphere ee dhulkeenna? dhumucdiisuna Inconstancy jeer shaashadda ku beereysa cilmi.

The Earth ayaa jawiga waxaa had iyo jeer soo bandhigaan xaddi gaar ah oo Allena, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo ay fiirsashada la xogta sare. Ina keena aynu baaro arrimaha dib u ogaato goobta saxda ah ee gaashaankii O ₃ taagoo.

Meeday daaha Allena?

korodhka A wayn ee u taagoo Allena bilaabmaa fogaan ah 10 km iyo sii socoto ilaa 50 km oo dhulka ku kor ku xusan. Laakiin tirada oo ah walaxda, kaas oo lagu helo troposphere ah - in aan shaashadda. Sida fog lagana rujiyey dhulka kordhiyaa cufnaanta Allena. The qiimaha ugu badan ka dhacaan ahan, meelaha ay at height ah 20 ilaa 25 km. Halkan taagoo O ₃ ku jira 10 jeer in ka badan in ka mid ah oogada Dhulka.

Laakiin sababta dhumucda daacadnimada Lakabka Allena waa dareen ah aqoonyahaniinta iyo dadka caadiga ah? Boom badan gobolka gaashaanka qarxay qarnigii la soo dhaafay. Cilmi waxay soo ogaadeen in Lakabka Allena u sarreeyey Jacaylku waxa uu noqday khafiif ah. Sababta ugu weyn ee loogu talagalay arrin ah ayaa la aasaasay - dissociation kelli O _3. halligaad ayaa ka dhashay oo ka mid ah saamaynta wadajirka ah ee arrimo dhowr ah, taasoo keentay iyaga ka mid ah waxaa aadmiga la xidhiidha dhaqdhaqaaqa aadanaha.

godka Allena

In the 30-40 sanno ee ugu danbeysay, saynisyahano ayaa xusay muuqaalka kore ee godadka in shaashadda ilaaliya kor ku xusan oogada Dhulka. Arrin welwel bulshada cilmiyeed loo yaqaan warar sheegaya in daaha Allena - gaashaan dhulka - si degdeg ah xaalufinta. Dhammaan warbaahinta ee bartamihii 1980-maadkii, fariinta daabacay on the "dalool" in ka badan Jacaylku. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa ogaaday in farqiga ee lakabka Allena ka kordhiyaa guga. Sababta ugu weyn ee dhaawac koritaanka loo aqoonsaday, qalab macmal ah oo isku dardaro - chlorofluorocarbons. kooxda ugu badan ee xeryahooda kuwan - freon ama unit refrigerant. Waxaa jira in ka badan 40 walxaha tirsan kooxdan. Waxay ka ilo badan oo iman, sababtoo ah waxaa ka mid ah codsiyada cuntada-, kiimikada, cadar iyo warshadaha kale.

freons kooban, ka sokow carbon iyo hydrogen, waxaa ka mid ah halogeno: fluoro, chloro, bromo mararka qaarkood. Tiro badan oo walxaha sida refrigerants loo isticmaalo qaboojiye, hawo. naftooda, freons deggan, By laakiin at heerkulka sare iyo joogitaanka walxaha kiimikada firfircoon fal lagu qayilo. Waxaa ka mid ah waxyaabaha falcelinta noqon kartaa xeryahooda ku jira sun noolaha.

CFCs iyo gaashaan Allena

taagoo Chlorofluorocarbons O3 dhexgalaan oo ay baabbi'iyaan lakabka ilaaliya kor Dhulka. First khafiifiya Lakabka Allena qaatay, waayo, is beddel dabiiciga ah ee dhumucda, taasi dhacdo waqtiga oo dhan. Laakiin muddo ka dib godka, sida "dalool" in ka badan Jacaylku, ayaa la arkay ee guud ahaan Northern Hemisphere ee. Tirada jajaban sida ayaa kor u kacay tan iyo daawashada ugu horeysay, laakiin tirada ugu yar qaaradda baraf.

Markii hore, saynisyahano shakiyey in ay CFCs keeni habka yaraadan Allena. Kuwani waa walxo la miisaanka sare kelli. Sida ay gaaraan heer ahan ay daaha Allena, haddii badan oxygen, nitrogen iyo carbon dioxide badan ka culus? Kormeerka ee kor hadda in jawiga lagu jiro onkodka, iyo tijaabo ayaa cadeeyay suurtagalnimada ee wax lays of Qurub kala duwan leh hawada si height ah 10-20 km dhulka dushiisa, halkaas oo ay jiraan xudduud ah troposphere iyo ahan.

kala duwanaanta ka mid ah kuwa ku baabbi'inaya of Allena

zone screen Allena waxa uu sidoo kale helo oxides nitrogen keentay ka sari ee matoorada diyaaradaha supersonic ee noocyada kala duwan ee pride. Dhameystir walxaha liiska oo muuq beelayo jawi lakabka Allena ka mid ah qiiqa dhulka Kobenhagen. Mararka qaarkood socodka ciidda gaseous iyo gaaraan height ah 10-15 kilomitir oo ku faafay boqolaal kun oo kiiloomitir.

Ciiryaamada badan xarumaha warshadaha waaweyn iyo nawaaxigeeda ayaa sidoo kale ku kordhinaya dissociation ee u taagoo ee O ₃ jawiga. Sababta sii kordhaya size ee godka Allena waxaa sidoo kale loo arkaa in ay kor u fiirsashada ah ee loo yaqaan gaasas lagu koriyo in jawiga, ay daaha Allena. Sayidka, dhibaatada caalamiga deegaanka ee isbedelka cimilada si toos ah oo lala xiriirinayo arimo ku saabsan burburinta Allena. Xaqiiqada ah in gaasas lagu koriyo ka kooban walxo fal la ₃ taagoo O. Allena waxa uu iska fogeeyay ogsijiin sababa qayilo ee xubno kale.

Halista uu khasaaro ka mid ah gaashaan Allena

ay jiraan kuwo wax ka dhimman ozonosphere in ay meel bannaan, muuqaalka kore ee CFCs iyo sunta kale atmosfeerta? arrimaha Kuwanu waa lagu muransan yahay, laakiin gunaanaday waa isku mid: Lakabka Allena of jawiga waa in ay bartaan iyo xajisto ka badbaadiya halligaadda. Dhulkeenna aan screen of O kelli ₃ lumiyo ilaalinta rays adag runtan dherer gaar ah, lakabka walax firfircoon ka nuugo. Haddii gaashaan Allena khafiif ah ama ka maqan, habka aasaasiga ah ee nolosha on Earth waxaa khatar. Xad-dhaaf ah shucaaca kordhiyaa halista ah ee Isbedelo in unugyada noolaha.

Ilaalinta Lakabka Allena

La'aanta xog ku saabsan dhumucda gaashaan ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay iyo kunkan adkaynaysaa saadaasha. Maxaa dhacaya haddii ozonosphere gabi ahaanba la burburiyay? A labaatan sano dhowr dhakhaatiirta arkayaa kororka tirada dadka ay saameeyeen kansarka maqaarka. Tani waa mid ka mid ah cudurada, taas oo keenta in cindiga ultraviolet xad-dhaaf ah.

Sanadkii 1987, tirada dalalka biirtay Montreal Protocol ka, kaas oo ujeedadiisu tahay in la yareeyo iyo ganaax dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan wax soo saarka ee chlorofluorocarbons. Waxa ay aheyd kaliya mid ka mid ah tallaabooyinka ay ka caawin doona inuu badbaadiyo daaha Allena - Earth ee gaashaan ultraviolet. Laakiin CFCs ayaa weli soo saaray warshadaha iyo soo galaan jawiga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waafaqsanaanta Protocol Montreal ee horseeday in hoos u godadkii Allena.

Maxaa qof kasta samayn karaa si loo badbaadiyo daaha Allena?

Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa soo jeedinaya in dib u soo kabashada buuxda ee shaashadda ilaaliya weli waa a sano ee yar. Tani waa kiiska haddii istaago dillaac ah rabshado, taasoo keenta badan oo shaki. gaasas Greenhouse ku soo qulqulayo jawiga, furayey gantaal soo saaray iyo gaadiidka kale ee bannaan, sii kordhaya raxan ee dalal kala duwan. Taas macnaheedu waa in saynisyahano weli si ay u horumariyaan siyaabo wax ku ool ah ilaalinta gaashaan Allena ka baabba '.

At heerka qoyska, qof walba ayaa laga yaaba. Allena ka yar wuxuu noqon doonaa yaraadeen haddii nadiifiye hawada noqon doonaa yar free of ciidda, danbas, qiiqa baabuurta sun. Si loo ilaaliyo Lakabka Allena waa in ay ahaadaan khafiif ah in ay joojiyaan ku gubanayso qashinka, in la dhiso inta ay qubo ammaan ah. Baabuurta u baahan tahay in ay u baddashaan shidaalka bay'adda u fiican oo dheeraad ah, meel kasta noocyada kala duwan ee tamarta mooyee.