Maxaad zone Fresnel

zone Fresnel - waa meelaha galay oo dusha sare ah mowjado dhawaaq ama iftiin si ay u fuliyaan xisaabaha natiijada diffraction codka iyo iftiinka. Habkani waxaa markii ugu horeysay dalbatay in 1815 O.Frenel.

macluumaadka taariikhiga ah

Augustin-Zhan Frenel (10.06.1788-14.07.1827) - jirka Faransiis. Waxa uu naftiisa in waxbarashada guryaha ee optics jirka soocay. Waxa uu sidoo kale in 1811 sarkhaansan E. Malus bilaabay madax banaan inaad wax ka barato physics, ugu dhakhsaha badan noqday xiiso tijaabada cilmibaarista berrinkii optics. In 1814, ee "amaba" mabda'a faragelinta, iyo in 1816 daray mabda'a si fiican u yaqaan ee Huygens, taas oo soo bandhigay fikradda ah wadashaqaynta iyo faragelinta mawjadihii hoose. In 1818, dhismaha shaqada samayn, uu horumariyo aragtida ah ee diffraction iftiinka. Waxa uu soo bandhigay dhaqanka ee ka fiirsaneysa diffraction ka laayeen, iyo sidoo kale god wareeg ah. tijaabo la sameeyay, hadda Classics, la biprism iyo bizerkalami faragelinta iftiinka. In 1821 wuxuu ku cadeeyay xaqiiqda ah nooca transverse ee hirarka iftiinka, 1823 furay fogaansho Wareegtadan iyo elliptical. Waxaa uu sheegay ku saleysan Wakiilada ruxruxo kala fogaansho chromatic, iyo sidoo kale wareeg ee diyaarada ee kala fogaansho iftiinka iyo birefringence. In 1823, wuxuu ku dhisay sharciyada refraction iyo milicsiga iftiinka on a dusha guri go'an u dhexeeya labada warbaahinta. Oo ay la socdaan Jung tixgeliyo Abuuraha reer optics la ruxruxo. Ma hindisa ee qalabka faragelinta dhowr, sida muraayad ama Fresnel biprism Fresnel. Waxaa loo arkaa aasaasihii hab aasaas cusub ee Nuur tusaaale.

qayb ka mid ah aragtida ah

Go'aaminta diffraction Fresnel suuragal ah in god of qaab kasta oo guud ahaan waxa aan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka barta of view of Bulshda waxaa fiican loo daaweeyo in qaab wareeg ah godka. Xaaladdan oo kale, isha iftiinka iyo dhibic fiirinta waa in ay ahaadaan on line in uu yahay dadab iyo in ay diyaarad screen iyo maraa xarunta ee godka. Dhab ahaantii, in zone Fresnel ka jebin kartaa wax kasta oo dusha sare kaas oo hirarka iftiinka. Tusaale ahaan, dusha equiphase ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ay taasi waxay noqon doontaa habboon in jebin godka zone guri. Waayo, kan aan tixgelin doonna dhibaatooyinka indhaha hoose, kaas oo u oggolaan doona na si loo ogaado gacan ka mid ah aagga ugu horeysay Fresnel ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale daba-tirooyin random.

Hawsha go'aaminta tirada siddooyinkii

Si aad u bilaabaan in la qiyaaso in dusha sare ee godka guri u dhaxaysa isha light (dhibic C) iyo observer (H dhibic) ee. Waa dadab iyo in ay khadka CH. qeybta CH maraa xarunta godka ku wareegsan (dhibic O) ee. Tan iyo Hadafkayagu waa dhidibka dhabanada, zone Fresnel uu noqon doono qaab siddo. Go'aanka waa la dhimi doonaa si ay go'aan ka soo baxay gacan of wareegyada, kuwaas oo tiro aan sabab lahayn (m). Qiimaha ugu badan waxaa la yiraahdaa gacan ka mid ah aagga. Si loo xaliyo dhibaatada waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la sameeyo dhismaha dheeraad ah, kuwaas oo: dooran dhibic ah aan loo aabo yeelin (A) in diyaarada ee furitaanka iyo xerto qaybaha line toos ah uga soo barta of daawashada iyo isha iftiinka. Natiijadu waxay tahay xagal SAN ah. Ka dibna waxaad u samayn kartaa si la ruxruxo iftiin yimid si observer ee ku teedsan Jidka SAN ah, mari jidka dheer ee ka badan mid ka mid ah in ka qaadi doonaa CH Jidka. Taas oo muujinaysa in CA farqiga Jidka + AN-CH qeexayaa kala weji la ruxruxo waxaa laga helay ilo sare (A iyo D) barta daawashada maray. From qiimaha this ku xiran hirarka faragelinta sababtay la booska uu ka observer ah, iyo halkan xoojinta iftiin barta in.

Xisaabinta gacan ugu horeysay

Waxaan ka heli in haddii farqiga Jidka waa loo siman yahay si ay u bar Milanello iftiinka (λ / 2), nuurka in observer soo socda in antiphase. Waxaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey karaa in haddii farqiga Jidka noqon doonaa wax ka yar λ / 2, iftiinka ayaa iman doona wajiga la mid ah. CA Xaaladani waxay + AN-SN≤ λ / 2, by qeexidda, waa shardi ah in hal dhibic A waxaa ku yaal ilaa siddada kowaad, i.e. waa zone ugu horeysay Fresnel. Xaaladdan oo kale, soohdintu waxay of farqiga waddada wareegga waa loo siman yahay si Milanello iftiinka badh. Sidaa isla'egta this si loo ogaado gacan ka mid ah aagga ugu horeysay, muujinaysaa P _1. Marka farqiga jidka u dhiganta λ / 2, waxa ay noqon doontaa si siman u qeybta o. Haddii ay sidaa tahay, haddii masaafada u badnayn dhexroorka xooga CO dalool (caadi ahaan loo arkaa kaliya embodiments sida), tixgalinta gacan joomateri ee aagga ugu horeysay waxaa lagu qeexaa by formula soo socda: P ₁ = √ (λ * CO + OH) / (CO + OH).

Xisaabinta gacan ka mid ah zone Fresnel

Formula ee go'aaminta qiimaha of Fatuuq ee siddo oo ku xiga waa isku wada hadleen kor ku xusan, kaliya ku daray in ay sareeyaha tirada la doonayo zone. In sinnaanta in case of farqiga Jidka noqonayaa: CA + AN-SN≤ m * λ / 2 ama CA + AH-CO-ON≤ m * λ / 2. Taas waxaa raacda in gacan ka mid ah meelaha la doonayo tiro "m" ku qeexayaa formula soo socda: P _m = √ (m * λ * CO + OH) / (CO + OH) = ₁ P √m

Gebogebadii natiijada dhexe

Waa in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in aagga breaking - separation of isha iftiin sare si Koronto isagoo isla aagga, sida _m n = π * R ² _m - π * R ² _m-1 = π * ₁ P ² = P _1. Light ka zones Fresnel deriska ah ku yimaado wejiga ka soo hor jeedda, sababtoo ah farqiga Jidka siddo deriska ah by qeexidda loo siman yahay si Milanello iftiinka badh. Guud natiijadan, waxaannu ku tirinnaa in jejebintii godadkii on wareegyada (light in ka dariska ah sida gaadho observer la farqi wajiga go'an) ka dhigan tahay jabiyay giraanta ee isla aagga. caddaynta Tan waxaa si fudud ku tijaabiyey iyadoo la kaashanayo dhibaatada.

zone Fresnel mawjad diyaarad

Ka fiirso burburka furitaanka goobta ka geliyey siddooyinkii meesha u khafiif ah aagga loo siman yahay. wareegyada Kuwanu waa ilo iftiin sare. Ilodanimada inayan The imaanaysaan ruxruxo iftiinka uga giraanta kasta si observer ah, ku dhowaad isku mid ah. Waxaa intaa dheer, farqiga wajiga ka kala duwan ee ku xiga ee H barta sidoo kale waa la mid ah. Xaaladdan oo kale, ka amplitudes adag ee observer marka ku daray in hal adag foomka diyaarad qayb ka mid ah goobo - ARC. Ilodanimada inayan guud ee isku - gooye. Haddaba ka fiirsada sida hannaankii beddelo of summation ee Ilodanimada inayan ee case of beddelka gacan ee godka iyadoo la ilaalinayo xuduudaha kale ee dhibaatada. Haddii ay sidaa tahay, haddii godka laga furay zone mid kaliya ee observer ah, qayb hannaankii ku daray waxaa circumferentially bixiyo. Ilodanimada inayan The ee giraanta la soo dhaafay waxaa lagu wareejiyo by xagal π qaraabo in ay ka qeyb dhexe, ie. K. Farqiga Jid ka mid ah aagga ugu horeysay, by qeexidda, si siman u λ / 2. xagal Tan waxaa loo π ka dhignaan doontaa Ilodanimada inayan noqon doonaa goobada badhkiis. Xaaladdan oo kale, wadarta qiimayaashan barta fiirinta waa eber - eber dhererka gooye. Haddii saddex siddo laga furi doonaa, markaas sawirka u matali doonta goobo badhkiis iyo wixii la mid ah. Ilodanimada inayan The naggadi oo observer ee xitaa tirada siddo waa eber. Oo kiiska marka la isticmaalayo tiro kisi ah ee wareegyada, waxa ay noqon doontaa si siman u qiimaha ugu badnaan iyo dhererka dhexroorka in diyaarada adag oo amplitudes intaa dheer. Ujeedooyinka kor ku xusan si buuxda u yihiin hab furan of zones Fresnel.

Si kooban oo ku saabsan xaaladaha gaar ah

Ka fikir xaaladaha dhif. Mararka qaarkood, si ay u xalliyaan dalalka dhibaatada isticmaala tiro jajab ah goobaha Fresnel. Xaaladdan oo kale, ee giraanta qeybtii ogaadaan hannaankii wareegga quarter ah, kaas oo u dhigma doonaa meesha kala badh ka mid ah aagga ugu horeysay. Sidoo kale xisaabiyaa wax qiimo kale jajab. Mararka qaarkood xaaladda soo jeedisay in tiro jajab qaar ka mid ah siddo xidhay oo wax badan u furan. In kiiska noocan oo kale ah, Ilodanimada inayan guud ee dulinka duurka oo la helay sida farqiga u ah amplitudes oo ka mid ah laba hawlaha. Marka aag oo dhan way u furan yihiin, markaas ma jiraan wax caqabad ah ee Jidka hirarka iftiinka, sawirka eegi doonaa sida muquuninta ah. Waxaa soo baxday, sababtoo ah marka aad furto tiro badan oo siddooyinkoodana wuxuu qaadan waa tixgeliyaan tiirsanaanta ee warshadu hawada of isha iftiin inay dhibic observer iyo jihada ee isha sare. Waxaan ka heli in iftiinka uga aagga tiro sare ayaa Ilodanimada yar. Xarunta galool helay waa in goobada dhexe ee siddo kowaad iyo labaad. Sidaa darteed, Ilodanimada inayan beerta kiiska halkaas oo goobta la arki karo oo dhan uu ka yar yahay ee u furan mid ka mid disk ugu horeysay ka badan laba jeer, iyo xoogga ka duwan yahay by afar jeer.

Fresnel iftiin diffraction

Bal aynu eegno waxa loola jeedo eraygan. Loo yaqaan xaalad diffraction Fresnel, marka iyada oo godka laga furay dhowr goobood. Haddii aan furi doonaa wax badan oo siddo, ka dibna Doorashadan la iska indho tiri karin, la cunfiga in ku dhaw in ay optics joomatari. In kiiska halkaas oo godka iyada oo la furay, waayo, observer ee xooga ka yar hal aag, xaaladan waxaa loo yaqaan diffraction Fraunhofer. Wuxuu waxaa loo arkaa inay ku qanacsan haddii isha iftiinka iyo dhibic ee observer waa ka fog ku filan ka godka.

Isbarbardhigga of gashto saxan zone iyo

Haddii aad xirto oo dhan cajiib ah ama dhammaan zone xataa Fresnel, halka observer waa la ruxruxo iftiinka iyo Ilodanimada inayan ka weyn. giraanta kasta oo diyaarad adag siinayaa goobo kala bar. Sidaas darteed haddii furay aagagga cajiib ah, ka dibna tirada guud ee ka dari doonaa oo kaliya toortaha of wareegyada, kuwaas oo ka qeyb Ilodanimada guud oo ka mid ah "hoose-up". caqabadda waddada of ruxruxo iftiin, kaas oo hal nooc oo kaliya of siddo u furan, u yeedhay saxan zone. Xooggii uu iftiin ugu observer ku celceliyeen ka badan xoogga iftiin on saxanka. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in la ruxruxo iftiin ee giraanta walba u furan waa in ay calanka observer ee wajiga isku.

Xaaladda A la mid ah ayaa lagu arkay iyadoo diiradda iftiinka gelis. Waxaa, ka duwan taarikada, siddo kale ma jiro oo aan la xiray, iyo guuro nuurka wajiga by π * (+ 2 π * m) ka wareegyada in la xiray saxan zone. Sidaas darteed, Ilodanimada inayan ee la ruxruxo iftiinkooda waa loo Laab laabi. Waxaa intaa dheer, siku meesha loogu yeero gelinba wajiga laba geesood ah kuwaas oo hal giraan ah. Waxaa ballaarinaya diyaaradda adag ee goobada badh ah ee aaga kasta ee qeybta ah line toos ah ugu. Sidaas darteed, Ilodanimada inayan korodhka by jeer π, iyo gashto muquuninta diyaarad adag oo dhan fur galay xariiq toosan.