Mass qaaradda Qaraabo waxaa loo xisaabiyaa dadaalka dhowr saynisyahano

walax kasta ma aha wax adag, waxay ka kooban tahay qayb yar oo ka koobnaan Britain ee. Taagoo of atamka. Laga soo bilaabo tan waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa in go'aan ka mass ee walax sifaha kartaa taagoo iyo atamka ka mid ahaa xubno ka. Ugu hal mar, ugu of shuqullada Lomonosov iftiimisay this topic. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, naturalists badan oo cajiib ah had iyo jeer xiiso su'aasha ah: "In wixii unugyada waxaa lagu qeexay by mass kelli, mass ee la eb?"

Laakiin marka hore, wax yar ka dhexgalin taariikhda

In la soo dhaafay halkii unit of mass waxaa had iyo jeer qaaday eb hydrogen (H). Iyo, on this salaysan, waxaan sameeyey oo dhan xisaabinta loo baahdo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan xeryahooda ku soo bandhigaan ee dabiiciga ah foomka xeryahooda oxygen, si kastaba ha ahaatee la eb xisaabiyaa element mass ee la xiriirta oxygen ah (O). Taas oo waa wax raaxo, si ay u lahaa in la tixgeliyo in xisaabinta ratio joogto A: N 16: 1. Intaa waxaa dheer, diraasado ah ayaa muujiyay yaqiin ah ee saamiga, waa run ahaantii si siman u 15,88: 1 iyo 16: 1.008. Isbedeladan sababay atamka si loogu badalo mass in ay xubno badan. Waxaa la go'aansaday inuu ka tago ah oo ku saabsan 16 qiimaha miisaanka, iyo H - 1.008. horumarinta dheeraad ah oo sayniska ayaa keentay in siidaynta ee dabiiciga ah ee ogsijiin ah. Waxa la ogaaday in Britain oxygen uu leeyahay dhowr isotopes la tacsida 18, 16, 17 Waayo, physics aan la aqbali karin in la isticmaalo unugyada isagoo qiimaha celcelis ahaan. Sayidka, labada Cadilka miisaanka qaaradda la sameeyey, in chemistry iyo physics. Kaliya ee 1961, saynisyahano ku soo gabagabeeyey in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la abuuro qiyaasta hal, taas oo loo isticmaalayo in maanta hoos magaca "unit carbon." Sidaas darteed, qaraabada miisaanka qaaradda ee element ka dhigan eb carbon halbeegyo miisaan.

Hababka xisaabinta

Britain Mass ka kooban yahay tiro kasta oo walax of atamka oo ka koobnaan Britain this. Waxaannu ku tirinnaa in mass ee Britain in lagu muujiyay in unugyada carbon, iyo sidoo kale tiro ka mid ah la eb ee, i.e., mass qaaradda qaraabo la go'aamiyo sida ay qaraabo mass kelli. Sida la og yahay, iyadoo la isticmaalayo Law Avogadro ee go'aan ka gaari kara tirada atamka ee Britain ayaa ku. Ogaanshaha tirada atamka iyo taagoo of mass ah, inaan xisaabino mass ee qaaradda. Waxaa jira siyaabo dhowr ah si ay u qeexaan. In 1858 godu Cannizzaro soo jeediyay hab by kaas oo miisaanka qaaradda qaraabada goostay kuwa xubno kuwaas oo awood u sameynta xarunta gas. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma laha awood u leh inay biraha. Sidaa darteed, habka loo doortay waayo go'aanka tacsida ay qaaradda, iyagoo isticmaalaya tiirsanaanta mass qaaradda iyo awoodda kulaylka oo ah walaxda. Laakiin oo dhan hababka kor ku xusan oo kaliya siin qiimaha saxda ah ee tacsida qaaradda.

Sidee waxaa la xisaabiyaa mass saxda ah ee atamka ee element ah?

Sida by cilmiga sayniska oo ka mid ah qiyamka qiyaas muujiyay la go'aamin karaa mid sax ah. Si arrintan loo sameeyo, kaliya qiimaha aad rabto in aad is barbar dhig la dhigma. element u dhiganta si siman u ratio of qaraabo element mass qaaradda xarunta valence ay. ratio waxa laga goostay sax mass qaraabo qaaradda ee element kasta.