Burburinta - waxa uu yahay waxan? Noocyada xaalufka iyo qaababka ay

ereyga "baabba '" The xidido ku leeyahay Latin. Suugaan, xilli macnaheedu yahay "burburinta." Dhab ahaantii, in dareen ballaadhan, baabba '- xadgudub ku ah daacadnimada qaabka caadiga ah ama dil. Taas macnaheedu waxaa la fahmi karaa si ciriiri ah. Tusaale ahaan, waxaan dhihi karaa in burburinta - waa diirada ama qayb (s) of dhaqanka iyo soo gunaanadeen aadanaha, iyadoo maadooyinka ba'an oo la xiriira ama shay. Halkee iyo sidee loo isticmaalo fikradda this? About this - dambe ee maqaalka.

warbixin guud

Fikradda hore ee joogitaanka ciidamada aadanaha iyo xubno ka yihiin in diiradda burbur alaabta dibadda ama isaga qudhiisa, aasaasay in caddooyinka qadiimiga ah, falsafada, diin. fikradaha Kuwan waxaa markii danbe ka helay qaar ka mid ah horumarinta dhinacyo kala duwan. Qarnigii 20-aad ayey ahayd qaar ka mid ah fahamka updated. Cilmi-baarisyo badan u yeelaan isxigxiga si ifafaale kala duwan ee bulshada, dhibaatooyinka psychoanalytic, aafooyinka bulshada kala duwan. arimahan oo dhan waxaa si caddaalad ah si dhow ula lug yahanno kala duwan ee waqtiga. iyaga ka mid ah, Jung, Freud, Fromm, Gross, Reich iyo aragtiyaha kale iyo xirfadleyaasha.

Shaqaynta hawlaha aadanaha

Waa maxay burburinta shakhsiyadda duurka mustaqbalkiisa ah? In geeddi-socodka hawlaha shaqo calaamadeeyay isbadal ah ee shaqsi shaqsi. Xirfad, oo gacanta ku hal, kordhinayaan in horumarinta iyo formation of shakhsiyadda. Oo dhinaca kale ah, aalada saamaynta burbur on qof ee dareenka jirka iyo maskaxda. Sidaas darteed, waxaa la ogaadaa kartaa in Isbadal aqoonsiga dhacdaa jiho ka soo horjeeda midba midka kale. In deegaanka ee horumarinta mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed oo ka mid ah qalabka ugu waxtarka badan yihiin kuwa gacan ka xoojinta arrimuhu ugu horeysay miyir qabo in la yareeyo ee ugu yar ee labaad. nabaad-Professional waxaa si tartiib tartiib ah u ururay isbedel xun ee shakhsiyadda iyo jidadka nolosha. Tani waxay ifafaale waxay dhacdaa iyada oo sababtu tahay sugeysayna nooca la mid ah shaqada ay muddo dheer. Sidaas darteed, la aasaasay tayada shaqada la rabin. Waxay ka qayb qaataan horumarinta iyo xoojinta dhibaatooyin nafsi ah iyo kacsanaanta. Taasi waxa ay xirfado duurka halligaadda.

daawo

Xaaladaha qaarkood, habka burbur ka geysan kartaa tirtiridda dhacdooyinkan gurracan qaarkood. Gaar ahaan, saamayn this lagu arkay daawo. baabba 'waxay noqon kartaa mid waxtar leh? Tani waxay ifafaale waxaa keena ah si ula kac ah u codsatay, tusaale ahaan, in dumarka. In daaweynta heley kala duwan, dhakhaatiirta isticmaalaan habab kala duwan. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah waa u baabba 'radio-soo noqnoqoshada. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in cudurada sida fiix derbiga siilka, burooyinka, nabaad guurka, Kobac la'aanta. burburinta afka ilmo-galeenka Radiowave waa hab aan xanuun lahayn oo deg deg ah in ay saameyn on meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey. Habkan daaweynta ah heley in lagu taliyo karaa xitaa dumarka nulliparous.

cudurka kansarka

cuduro badan waxaa weheliya burburinta unugyada. cudurada noocan oo kale ah waxaa ka mid ah kansarka iyo. Mid ka mid ah kiis gaar ah waa burada (sarcoma) Ewing. cell Tani buro lafta ku wareegsan. buro Tani waa xasaasi u ah shucaac. In la barbardhigo carcinogenic kale cudurada ay taasi dhacdo in da'da yar a, oo u dhexeeya sano ee 10aad iyo 20aad. Ulasocto barar lafihii addinka saamaysay, waxay kaloo qaadan kartaa meelaha kale. Neoplasm ka mid ah dadku ku diyaarin unugyada fekrado. Calaamadaha ugu sifo ka mid ah barar iyo damqasho. Sarkooma arrimuhu kala duwan si ay qaybinta muhiim ah oo mararka qaarkood daboolayaa waaxda oo dhan dhexe oo ka mid ah lafaha dhaadheer. On radiograph ah meesha ay dhibaatadu saameysey ma eegto sida ballaaran sida xaqiiqada. Iyada oo taageero ka MRI iyo CT waxaa go'aamiya xuduudaha cudurada. cudurka waxaa ku weheliyay burburinta lafta lytic. Isbeddelkan ayaa waxaa loo arkaa inay ugu caan cudurkan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira xaaladaha qaarkood oo "ku wataan" layers kala duwan ee lafta, aasaasay hoos periosteum ah. Waa in la ogaadaa in isbedel xogta hore iska lahaa calaamado clinical classic. Cilad-waa in lagu saleeyaa biopsy. Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in qaab la mid ah ka mid ah X-ray oo laga dheehan karo ka dhanka ah asalka ah oo ah laf kale burooyin kansar. Daaweynta waxay ku lug leedahay isticmaalka isu-gaynta kala duwan ee shucaaca, chemotherapy iyo farsamooyinka qalliinka. Isticmaalka dhismaha tallaabooyin daweynta cudurada ay meesha ka badan 60% ka mid ah bukaannada ku haysta muuqashadii degaanka hoose ee sarcoma Ewing ee.

burburinta kiimikada

Tani waxay ifafaale oo laga dheehan karo sarkhaansan yihiin wakiilada kala duwan. Gaar ahaan, waxaa ka mid ah biyaha, oxygen, alcohols, acids, iyo kuwa kale. Saamaynta jirka iyo sidoo kale noqon kara wakiilka burbur. Tusaale ahaan, ka mid ah kuwa ugu caansan waxaa lagu xusay waxaa laga yaabaa in shucaaca ionizing, iftiinka, kulaylka, tamarta si farsamaysan. burburinta Kiimikada - habka ah in meel la xushay bixiyo saameyn jireed. Tan waxa u sabab u dhow qaraabo ah sifooyinka tamarta ee xiriirka oo dhan.

Nabaad guurka ah ee polymers

Nidaamkan waxaa loo arkaa in ay ugu bartay taariikhda. Xaaladdan oo kale, selectivity arkay ifafaale. Geedi socodka waxaa ku weheliyay dillaac ah silsilado carbon-heteroatom. Natiijada burburinta kiiskan waa monomer ah. caabin weyn in walxaha kiimikada lagu arkay bond carbon-carbon. Xaaladdan oo baabba 'this - geeddi-socodka ah ayaa suuragal ah keliya xaaladaha adag ama ay joogaan kooxaha ka dhisan in la yareeyo xoog bond xarunta silsilad ugu weyn.

kala soocidda

Sida laga soo xigtay sifooyinka alaabta nabaad kala soocan yihiin depolymerization iyo baabba 'at random. Xaalada danbe, waxaa loola jeedaa in habka taas oo ah bedelka ee reaction polycondensation ah. waxaa lagu guda jiro splinters loo sameeyay kuwaas oo cabbir ka weyn yahay unugga monomeric. habka depolymerization The la rumeysan yahay inay dhacaan sequentially detaching ka monomers silsilad ku laayeen. In si kale loo dhigo, falcelinta qaadataa meel, xidhiidhka ka soo horjeeda ee links ee polymerization ah. Noocyadaas nabaad dhici kartaa mar ama si gooni gooni ah. ka, kuwaas oo laba, laga yaabaa in arrin saddexaad reebo. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxaa loola jeedaa in burburinta link itaalka daran waa in la joogo ee xarunta of macromolecule ah. In geeddi-socodka of burburinta by laabka random dhacdaa dhibic ku filan si degdeg ah miisaanka kelli polymer. Marka depolarization of saamayn tani waa badan gaabis ah. Tusaale ahaan, methacrylate polymethyl isagoo miisaan kelli ah 44,000, heerka uu polymerization maalkii haraaga ah waa ku dhawaad badelin ilaa xilligan marka depolymerization ayaa maray 80%.

nabaad-kulka

Mabda 'xeryahooda ka soo horjeeda qaybsama under kulaylka waa in aan ka duwan arrinkaas shidaalka, farsamo silsiladda kaas oo la dhigay iyadoo la hubo buuxda. Iyadoo la tixraacayo dhismeedka kiimikada ee polymers ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa ay iska caabin ah si loo kululeeyo, heerka of suuska iyo sifooyinka of badeecada la aasaasay in geeddi-socodka. Tallaabada ugu horreysa, si kastaba ha ahaatee, had iyo jeer waxay noqon doontaa formation of xagjirka lacag la'aan. Kordhinta falcelinta uu weheliyo, circuit decoupling ah iyo hoos u dhac in miisaanka kelli. Kala go 'dhici karaan by disproportionation ama recombination ee xagjirka lacag la'aan. Xaaladdan oo kale, isbedelka dhismaha jajab laga yaabaa inuu dhaco, formation of dhismeedka da'ayeen iyo jahaysteen oo u muuqan kara bonds double at darafyadiisa oo macromolecules ah.

Walxaha saameeya heerka of habka

Inta lagu guda jiro nabaad-kulka, sida wax dardargelinta reaction silsilad dhacdaa kharashka ka mid ah qaybaha oo awood u si fudud u muuq beelayo galay xagjirka lacag la'aan. Deceleration ayaa sidoo kale xusay in joogitaanka xeryahooda in ay yihiin acceptors. Sidaas darteed, tusaale ahaan, la kordhiyo heerka qaab beddelidda sarkhaansan Azofargestoffene caag xusay iyo qayb diazo. Inta lagu guda jiro kulaylinta polymers heerkulka ka 80 ilaa 100 digrii la joogitaanka fikrada kaliya calaamadeeyay liiditaan. Iyadoo-fiirsashada sii kordhaysa ee xarunta in xalka ahaayeen reactions intermolecular dega taasoo keentay in gelation iyo formation of dhismeedka da'ayeen. In geeddi-socodka ah ee arrinkaas kaamerada of polymers wada hoos u dhac ku miisaanka kelli celcelis ahaan iyo isbedelka dhismaha ayaa lagu arkay depolymerization (monomer cholesterol). At heerkul ah in ka badan 60 darajo marka daatay block ee methacrylate methyl ay joogaan of benzoyl waxaay sheegayaan silsilad doorbidayaa joojiyo by disproportionation. Sidaas darteed, nus ka mid ah u taagoo ah waa in ay leeyihiin a bond double terminal. Xaaladdan oo kale, ay caddaato in macromolecular farqiga u baahan yihiin wax ka yar Britain ayaa ka cokan, tamarta hawlgelinta.