Calaamadda gabay suugaanta

At Warega of 19-20 qarniyo ah calaamad in suugaanta calaamadeeyay caan markii marxalad gaar ah. saameynta waxaa dareemay in labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad. Calaamad suugaanta la rajada uu bilicsanaanta iyo falsafada qaan la tixraacayo cadaanyo siyaasadeed raacay guuldaradii of loona kacaan. Tani waa marxalad fadhiidka ah bulshada. Ayado this of calaamad in ay bilaw.

Suugaanta, gabayada gaar ahaan, ka walwalsan ah oo ku saabsan cudurka, hoos u wakhtigaas. Poetry, iyagoo laga badiyay awoodeeda hore, xooggayga iyo height, yaraaday oo yaraaday. qalabka laftiisa Gabay beesho tamarta iyo hal-abuur run.

Calaamad suugaanta muuqday mid dibad ka dhanka ah saboolnimada ah, waxay doonayaan waa in ay ku noqdaan ciidamada nolosheeda, isagoo haddana hadalkii oo cusub. At oo isku jiho ah ayaa waxaa la keenay falcelin xun si dhaleeceyn Ruush la aragtidooda waxyaalaha. Later bilowday iska hor imaad iyo naqdiya Markis. calaamadda gabay suugaanta dallacsiiyey diinta iyo Niyadda.

The daliilka ugu horeeya ee dhaqdhaqaaqa caddaatay in khuseeya ee Dmitry Merezhkovsky, uu collection of gabayo "Calaamooyinka". In 1894-95. out "dhaleeceyn Ruush." In saddexdaas uruuriyaa shuqullada daabacay advantageously dhallinyarada Briusov Bal'mont. In shuqullo kuwan, mid ka mid dareemay isbedel cusub.

In Russia, waxaa jiray calaamad suugaanta aan go'doonka ka ah West ah. Gabayaana waxaa Young siiyaa shahaado qaar ka mid ah saamaynta of English, French, gabayo Jarmal. In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in hab qaar ka mid ah gartay Symbolist axdiga uugu falsafadda ah Schopenhauer iyo Nietzsche, waxay aad u beeniyay in ay leeyihiin ku tiirsanaanta aasaasi ah oo ku saabsan suugaanta Western Yurub. Waxay isku dayeen in ay ka heli xididdadiisa hooyo suugaanta, ka shaqeeya ee feta, Tiutchev, Fofanova. Ahaayeen shuruudaha in la dhiso nooc ka mid ah "Xiriirka" shuqullada Lermontov iyo Pushkin. Sida laga soo xigtay Balmont, calaamad jiray muddo dheer. Waxa uu tixgeliyaa Symbolists Calderon iyo Blake, Baudelaire iyo Edgar Allan Poe iyo kuwa kale.

Shaki kuma jiro in abuurka Tiutchev iyo calaamooyin feta calaamad joogo. Intaa waxaa dheer, ku saabsan koorso gaar ah oo xiriir la dhaqanka ruuxiga ah ee Russia, ay ciidda qaranka waxaa daliil by xaqiiqada ah in jihada ma dhiman, laakiin on lid ku ah, soo koraya, wadahadal kula xoog cusub oo ay sariirta.

Waa in la ogaadaa in calaamadda Ruush suugaanta ka West khilaafeen arrin maratay. Tani waxa ay ahayd sabab ah, ugu horrayn, in cibaadaysi, Xoolo, guulaha jihada this ee Russia.

In muddooyinka hore ee Symbolist socodka dhismaha ka shaqeeya inta badan ku qosleen oo xataa sakhiray ku jees. Abwaan ayaa waxaa ku lifaaqan magaca decadent ah, sidaas qiimaynta ay niyadda decadent rajo, shaqsiyaddeenna a fahmayaan, dareen ah nolosha diidmada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by bilowgii qarnigii soo socda calaamadda bilaabay inuu ka taagan sida a dhaqdhaqaaqa suugaanta ku saabsan oo dhan iyadoo la hubo. Waxa ay ahayd adag tahay in la isku qaldo la ifafaale kale ee fanka, wuxuu bilaabay inuu qabto ay sharraxaadda, poetics, ay formation iyo waxbaridda. 1900 waxa uu noqday nooc ka mid ah dalka debeddiisa - in muddo this xaqiijiyay in "waji" ee calaamadda suugaanta. Waxa ay astaan u sii daayo baaluq, rinji shakhsiyadda dhalaalaya qoraaga buugga Balmont "dhismeyaasha gubanaya" iyo shuqullada Bryusov "The saddexaad ilaalada» ( «Tertia Vigilia»).

In suugaanta, dhaqdhaqaaqa symbolist ahaa ee Romantics, kuwaas oo u waxyoonay by falsafadda idealistic, garashada rar diinta of jihada cusub. Symbolists ayay u suuragashay in ay qabsadaan dareen iyo muujiyaan dareen foreboding oo ka mid ah masiibooyinka bulshada naxdinta horrantii qarnigii labaatanaad.