Masago - in ... dalagyada

xeerkii karinta Boorash masago habaysan ee la soo dhaafay oo qoto dheer. Masago - waa badarka hore, fuuleen Russia ka Shiinaha ama Mongolia. warshad hadhuudhka safeeyey waa sarreen ah.

The meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee processing

Currently, waxaa jira ilaa 500 nooc oo masago waa. meelaha lana siii dhaqan degan degan cimilada oomane iyo semi-oomane. From Asia (China, Mongolia, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) warsan in ka badan 55% ka mid ah soo-saarka masago dunida. On dalalka Afrika (Nigeria, Itoobiya, Mali, Tanzania, Uganda, Senegal) - ilaa 25%. Midowgii Soofiyeeti ee hore waxa inta badan masago waa koray ee gobollada steppe ee Ukraine iyo Kazakhstan sida miraha cuntada, iyo Republic of Belarus - sida balka ah.

Masago ee Russia

On dhulka Federation Ruush ah waxaa jira 8 noocyada kala duwan ee dhirta, iyo kaymo kaliya 2 iyaga ka mid ah: masago caadiga ah - Panicum muliaceum L. (hadhuudh) iyo capitate - Setaria L italica (mass oo cagaar ah cunto xoolaha).

Iyada oo ku xidhan inflorescences anshaxa masago caadiga ah waxay leedahay 5 dacawo: gadood iyo Komov (cultured sida thermophilic iyo abaar), iyo branchy oo fidsan (in ka yar thermophilic, koraan karaa xitaa in Nechernozemie) iyo Tifaftirayaasha (sabtoo ah).

Setar (Talyaani, masago Borovoye) waa kaymo ee Bariga Fog. Waxay leedahay 2 dacawo - masago iyo argagax.

The dalagyada ugu muhiimsan ee masago caadiga ah ku urursan Western Siberia, Bashkiria, in Black Dhexe Earth, ee dihin ee North Caucasus. Aagga lagu beeray hore bislaada kala duwan ee masago, si joogto ah sii kordhaysa ee Non-Black Earth iyo Eastern Siberia.

Tilmaamo noolaha

Masago - waa sanadlaha ah, is-pollinating, an photophilous dhirta. Dhirta waa gaaban - laba ilaa afar bilood. Marka laga beerto ee ballaaran siiya toddoba godkii afkoda, sida caadiga ah tillering - 2-3 isku jirid.

The dalagyada ugu muhiimsan (galley, oo sarreen ah, oo shaciir ah, miro) waxay leeyihiin caleemo cidhiidhi on asliga ah ee ka badan masago. Inflorescence - panicle ee noocyada kala duwan ka soo dhex faafin lahaayen cajiinkuna.

oo xididdada ka geli karto moolka nus mitir, laakiin tiro ka feed ugu weyn ee ku yaalla lakabka ah ee ilaa 40 sentimitir.

Kobaca ka dib markii biqilka gaabiyaa (2-3 toddobaad), sababtan awgeed, geedka hor joogsadaa haramaha xun kordhaya. Masago - warshad, dalbanayaan in oolin ilaa qoyaan ee lakabka sare ee carrada: qoyaanka dheeraad ah, soo koraya xididada patrilineal dhakhso. Under xaaladaha allifey oo laga yaabaa inuu dhaco hoydo ee dharbaaxo iyo xididdada dillaacin. xoogooda waxay ku xiran tahay helitaanka tillering qoyaan nafaqo saamiyada, awood waqti beero (May 15), farcankii si qoto dheer loo baahan yahay (5 cm) haramaha ugu yar.

injineernimada beeraha

Masago waa Belay wanaagsan at warshadda marka dalagyo kale (labadaba jiilaalka iyo guga) ma Gagaab ama dhintay. Tan waxa u sabab muddo beerto dabayaaqadii - laga bilaabo bartamihii bishii May si June. Seeds bilaabaan inay si wadajir ah Gagaab oo kaliya marka heerkulku si caddaalad sare - 14 darajo, waxaa loo arkaa heerkulka ugu fiican ee 18 degrees.

Masago - ayaa dalbanaya in ay qaab-dhismeedka ciidda oo ka mid ah dhirta, ee wax-soosaarkooda ugu sareeya arkay on the chernozem iyo dhismaha carradu Chestnut (ilaa 50 metrik halkii hektar). dhulka kaymo leh cadaanyo dhexdhexaad ah oo wax yar ka xumadoodu markii qoyaan waa headroom filan stably ku siin kara wax-soosaarkooda sare.

Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in weediness ku keenaysaa in hoos u soo dajinno Biyaha, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah si taxadar leh si ay u diyaariyaan dhulka beeritaanka: snegouderzhanie, meeydadka hore (durbaba markii ugu horeysay haramaha Gagaab) ilaa saddex cultivations isku xigta ee burburka sare.

Waayo, wax-soosaarkooda joogto ah guga u baahan Bacarimiso - macdanka kaalshiyamka iyo fosfooraska, nitrogen. Tani ma u baahan tahay, haddii barametereka ee baradho masago ama xididdo: bacriminta ciidda weli sare. goosta Good of soosaarkooda masago, ka dib markii dalagga xilliga qaboobaha. In monoculture dhiman sababtoo ah cudurada fangas soo gaartay.

The cayayaanka ugu weyn ee dhirta - thrips, midges kibis, cicadas, istaajiyo borer.

Soosaarkooda of masago waa miskiin ee Russia: 8 ilaa 12 metrik halkii hektar, halka xilligii Soviet in Kazakhstan caanka ah dalka oo dhan ka helay goosashada Chaganak Bercy ku dhawaad 156 kiilo halkii hektar ee 1941, iyo 1943 - 201.

muhiimadda Cuntada

Miisaanka uu leeyahay masago in ay ku quudiyaan maray tijaabada waqtiga: masago in Russia waa labaad oo kaliya in ay Giriigga.

Si shaciir hadhuudh la farsameeyo. Masago baxeen oo kaliya on ubax qolof xunxunna yeedhay Dranets. Ka dib markii shiidi masago helay. Jajabiyey - byproduct intii lagu shiidi. Iyo jajabi oo moodada - natiijada daaweyn kaamerada iyo farsamo oo sarreen ah.

masago Rating nafaqada (ilaa 13% protein, oo ku saabsan 81% noqde, 3.8% baruurta) sabab, dhadhan isku dheeli tiran (raad raaco canaasirta iyo macdanta cusbada) guryaha, daawooyinka (content koox vitamin B badan in of miraha kale ee ka weyn), iyo yareeyo razvarivaemosti digestibility sare.

Influence ee qamadiga on color tayada

By xoogga midabka hadhuudh masago kala qaybsan yihiin saddex nooc: nooc ugu horeysay - midabka cad iyo cream, labaad - masago cas (oo dhan oo midabo kala duwan si brown madow), saddexaad - la midab huruud ah. Noocyo of masago kaymo RF Orlowski iyo kii cilin Vsepodolyanskoe-59 loo qoondeeyey nooca ugu horeysay, Standard Gorlinka, Barnaul-80 Orenburgskoe-9-6 Saratov, Saratov-3, Omsk-10 Lipetskoe - labaad iyo Kinelskoye-92 Belgorodskoye-1, 8-Kharkov iyo Kharkov-57 - in kii saddexaad.

hadhuudh Color ku xiran tahay joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha of anthocyanins (colorants). Bu'da (masago) uu leeyahay midab dhalaalaya (yellow qaro weyn) midab, la siiyaa hadhuudh degdeg ah u kala horreeyaan kor ku xusan sida tayada macaamiisha iyo qiimaha.

qiimaha calafka xoolaha

Masago - waa qayb muhiim ah oo cunto ah ee xannaanada xoolaha iyo beeraha digaagga.

hadhuudh karti of masago waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida feed for Shimbiraha: digaag kordhay wax soo saarka ukunta, sii kordhaya xoogga qolof iyo digaag Boorash masago iyo hadhuudh - awooda lagama maarmaanka ah. Masago bur isku dar leh lagu daro cuntada doofaarro shishilis iyo berriga. Qashinka ka soo saarka oo sarreen ah loo isticmaalo diyaarinta feed xayawaanka, iyo sida u xoog feed xayawaanka.

caws engegan oo masago badan oo qiimo leh sida fiiberku ku badan caws dalagga kale, sida ka dib goosashada weli cagaaran iyo wax badan oo caleemaha.

masago Fresh (green) - cuntada wanaagsan lo ' , iyo ido, daaqa sidaas waxaa marar badan lagu beeray.

Kasta abuur shimbir duurjoogta ah la sameeyo oo ku saleysan masago ah. Recently, waxaa jira dhaqan ah qasbo masago on cagaarka ee tiro xaddidan (weel, dermaha roll) labada madaxtooyada iyo sidoo kale for digaagga.

Qiimaha dhismaha, waayo, masago ee Russia

Sababo la xiriira kaydinta caasimada sare ee la xidhiidha labada sifooyinka nafleyda (hadhuudh aad u wanaagsan, waxay u baahan tahay hawo ama qaboojinta), ku tiirsanaanta cimilada, inta badan bixiyey masago calafka sale. Qiimaha hadhuudhka samatabbixiyey ku xiran tahay tayada, oo u dhaw in ay shuruudaha heerka, sidaa daraadeed waxa uu ku xusan yahay. Jira shuruudaha sahayda howsha badarka adag oo ku filan oo dhan ma shirkadaha beeraha (xataa ka weyn) ayaa ku siin kara iyaga. Dhoofinta of masago ee soo saarayaasha beeraha qoyska si dhib yimaado. Ugu weyn ee laga keeno waxaa laga Turkey iyo Mongolia - dalalka soo saara masago oo tayo sare leh.