Mabda'a subsidiarity, ay muuqashadiisa iyo nuxurka

Mabda 'Complementarity waa postulate a nidaamsan in markii hore la diyaariyey jirka dadka deenishka weyn iyo falsafo Niels Bohr ee la xiriirta beerta Farsamoyaqaan galmada. Mabda 'Complementarity of Bohr, u badan tahay inuu nuurka u yimid oo kaliya sababtoo ah xitaa ka hor, jirka dadka Jarmalka Kurt Godel bixiyeen uu gabagabo iyo ereyada of Aragtida caanka ah oo ku saabsan sifooyinka nidaamka helida, taas oo la xidhiidha in duurka ku of macquulka ah ee rasmiga ah. Niels Bohr kordhiyay gabagabadii macquul Gödel on maado ka mid ah Farsamoyaqaan galmada iyo diyaariyey mabda'a sidan oo kale: si ay si caddaalad ah oo ku filan ogaan mawduuca qaybaha ugu, waa in la baaro in nidaamyo oo wadajir yihiin gaar ah, in uu yahay, in qaar ka mid ah nidaamyada kale. Taas macnaheedu, oo waxay noqdeen loo yaqaan mabda'a complementarity ee makaanikada galmada.

Tusaale ka mid ah xalka sida in dhibaatada jirta qaybaha ka, waxay ahayd in la tixgeliyo dunida ee macnaha guud ee laba aragtiyaha - ruxruxo iyo in ay keentay in qaab duwanyihiin natiijooyinka sayniska ayaa muujinaya in binu-aadmiga u nooca jirka iftiinka.

Niels Bohr in uu fahamka gabagabo this sii tageen. Wuxuu ka dhigaa isku day lagu fasiro mabda'a subsidiarity ee iftiinka aqoonta falsafada, iyo waxa ay halkan waa in mabda'a universal keensataa muhiimadda sayniska. Haddaba, erayada of mabda'a ah ee dhawaaqa sida: in, si ay u soo saari arrin gol leeyahay in uu aqoon nidaamka calaamada (calaamad), waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in ay door biday in ay fikradaha iyo qaybaha oo dheeraad ah. In la eego fudud dheeraad ah, mabda'a complementarity u baahan aqoonta ma aha oo kaliya suurto gal ah, laakiin mararka qaar lagama maarmaan ah, isticmaalka dhowr nidaam nidaamsan u ogolaan in ay helaan xogta Ujeedada ku saabsan mawduuca. Mabda'a ah subsidiarity dareen this, ayaa cadeeyay sida xaqiiqada ah heshiis la tusaalayaasha nidaamka macquul ah habka - waxay isu muujin karo, iyo sidaas, si ka duwan. Sidaas darteed, la dhalashada iyo fahamka mabda'a this, dhab ahaantii, waxa loo aqoonsan yahay in ay macquulka ah ee aqoonta ma aha in ku filan, oo sidaas daraaddeed aqoonsan yahay dhaqanka aan caqli gal ahayn oo sax ah in nidaamka cilmi baadhista. Ugu dambayntii, codsiga of mabda'a Bohr qeyb ka isbaddal weyn ee dunida sayniska.

Later Yu. M. Lotman balaariyay muhiimadda nidaamsan ee mabda'a Bohr iyo keeneen sharciyada ay gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah dhaqanka, gaar ahaan codsatay in ay sharaxaad ka mid ah semiotics dhaqanka. Lotman diyaariyey waxa loogu yeero "lacagta ee liddiga macluumaadka" ee, nuxurka oo been in xaqiiqda ah in jiritaanka aadanaha waa inta badan waxay dhacdaa in shuruudaha deficiency macluumaadka. Iyo horumarinta failure this had iyo jeer kor u kici doono. Isticmaalka mabda'a complementarity, waxaa suurtagal ah in ay mag helid la'aanta macluumaad by it tarjumaadda galay nidaam kala duwan semiotic (calaamad). Farsamada Tani waxay keentay, in fact, in ay soo bixitaanka of computer science iyo cybernetics, ka dibna Internet-ka. Later mabda'a shaqeeya ayaa la xaqiijiyay by waafajinta ee nafsaaniga ah ee maskaxda aadanaha si noocan ah ee fikirka, waa ay sabab u tahay kaqabto oo ka mid ah hawlaha barka ay.

bixinta kale, kaas oo dhex dhexaadin by tallaabada ee mabda'a Bohr, waa xaqiiqda ah in furitaanka jirka Jarmalka Werner Heisenberg, sharciga la xiriirta la hubin. Its tallaabo waxaa lagu qeexi karaa in la aqoonsaday ee ay adagtahay ee description la mid ah oo ka mid ah laba shay oo sax ah isla, haddii walxaha kuwaas oo ka tirsan hababka kala duwan. eegtahay falsafada helidda arrintan waxaa ay keentey Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn, kuwaas oo uu shaqada "On yaqiin" ayaa sheegay in si loo ansixiyo si yaqiin ah ee wax, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in shaki qaar ka mid ah.

Sayidka, mabda'a Bohr ee, uu helay muhiimadda nidaamsan u weyn ee beeraha kala duwan ee cilmiga sayniska.