Daahfurtay iyo waxay Been Abuuran waqtiga New

Qaar ka mid ah daahfurtay ugu weyn ee ka dhacaya muddo la yidhaahdo jeer casriga ah iyo kan casriga ah. Marka tirec bilaaban caadada kuwanu? Maxaa daahfurtay in lagu sameeyay wakhtigaas?

Bilowgii Da'da New

waqtiga New gudbiyo waqti Marka dadka ayaa istaagay marxaladda cusub ee iman kara horumarinta. Laakiin goortii uu dhacay?

Sida caadiga ah loo yaqaan waqtiga cusub ee u dhexeeya qarniyadii dhexe iyo taariikhda casriga ah. Qaar ka mid ah soo jeedinaya waxaan bilaabi tirinta qarnigii XVII ah, markii kacaanka Ingiriisi waxay bilaabeen in 1640. Laakiin horumar degdeg ah a in horumarka iyo isbedelka bulshada, dib qarnigii XV-upka, iyo cilmi badan ayaa aaminsan in tani ay tahay bilaw u yahay marxalad cusub ama waqti hore New.

Xataa dhamaadka qarniyadii dhexe waxaa daahfurtay in sameeyey oo Been muhiim ah. In 1440, Johann Gutenberg abuurtay saxaafadda daabaco, iyo si tartiib tartiib ah horumarinta kitaabkii ma aha oo kaliya diinta, laakiin sidoo kale ah maadooyinka sayniska iyo madadaalo. In 1492, Hristofor Kolumb helay America, gumaysigii Yurub bilaabmaa.

Society waxaa loo beddeli lahaa dhaqanka iyo waxaa loola jeedaa in nuxurka qofka aadanaha. In England waxa ay ka fog ku dhaqanka of Church Catholic, billaabay Reform Movement iyo Protestant-guuro. Bilaabasho si ay u horumariyaan sayniska, abuuray bulshada ugu horeysay ee sayniska: Society Royal, ee Sciences ciidanka boqornimada Faransiis. marxalad cusub la XVI abuurashadoodii ah: calculator farsamo, bamka vacuum ah, halbeegga, saacad pendulum ah. Galileo Galilei abuurtay xoqad ah, Descartes abuuraa nidaamka duwo. Waxaa jiray microscope ah, xoqad ah iyo muraayadaha galaas.

New Times been abuurtay qarnigii XVIII ah

Tan iyo dhammaadkii qarnigii XVII ah, soo baxaya bourgeoisie. kacaankii warshadaha siinayaa wadadii horumarka of shuuciyad iyo bulshada warshadaha.

daahfurtay Farsamada iyo waxay Been Abuuran jeer casriga ah waxaa mararka qaarkood gebi ahaanba ka go'an by shil. Sidaas daraaddeed, Dzhona Uatta booqday fikradda ah engine shiilayo markaan wax fiiriyey ayuu at kidhligii ku dabool boodada karkaraya. Thomas Nyukman dhisay horeysay engine uumi qalab in 1712 sano.

G. Amontons soo cabbire gaaska ee 1703, raaceen by heerkulbeegga aalkolo leh ka Rene Reomyura (1710). Dzhon Hendli iyo Thomas Godfrey abuurtay sextant ah (1730kii).

baahida loo qabo wax soo saarka ee unugyada, dhiiri abuurta mashiinada fur iyo tolidda ah. harqaan First xiranayo ee 1790 Thomas St. Qoraaga of mishiinka fur ahaa Dzheyms Hargrivs (1764). In 1893 Vaytkomb Judson abuurtay "jiinyeer." Ayuu jiinyeer

hindisooyin badan ee jeer casriga ah waxaa la sameeyey qarnigii XIX ah. In 1818, helay sharciyada photochemistry, iyo in 1839 N. Niepce, been abuurto sawir L.Dagger. In 1769 Cugnot France dhistaa gaadhi on engine shiilayo, iyo in 1886 iyo K.Bents G.Daymler abuurta markabka the first to engine ku saabsan shidaalka.

AS Popov abuurtay radio ee 1895, Nikola Tesla ee 1893-1895 abuuraa raadiyaha, ka dibna radio.

War abuurashadoodii Great New Time - guluubka fudud Tomasa Edisona iyo helitaanka korontada, been abuurtay this waa X-ray by Roentgen iyo Ivan Pulyuem isku mar. Thomas Watson in 1876 uu ahaa qoraaga of phone ilaa uu jiray afhayeenka "hadlayay telegaraafka", hindiseen Aleksandrom Bellom.

Been kale ee jeer casriga ah: baarashuud ah, doon, piano, fargeeto daafigaw, buufin. In qarniyo XVIII-XIX sidoo kale abuurtay Kaleidoscopeka, stereoscope, alxanka ARC, tareenka, kulan lagu shido iyo (fududee oo ka badan sidii hore).

Been waqti Newest

Contemporary bilaabmaa ay tirec qarnigii XX ah, kuwaas oo in 1918. Iyadoo horumarka tiknoolijiyada si weyn timaantay. gaariga oo kuwii hore ka abuurtay la engine ah waa wax fudud in ay u safraan masaafo dheer. habab badan oo lagu soo hagaagtay, iyo aarsasho aadanaha korontada gubay.

Waa wakhtiga si ay horumarka cilmiga dabiiciga ah. Muhiimad gaar ah waa chemistry iyo physics. In marka hore qarnigii XX K Lanshteyner furmay group dhiigga, Freud shaqeeyeen aragtida ah ee psychoanalysis, P. Ehrlich fursado chemotherapy. Alexander Fleming ogaada penicillin 1929 - antibiotic ugu horeysay ee adduunka ee.

Wars iyo isku dhacyada u dhaxeeya wadamada dhiirigeliyo daraasadda firfircoon ee physics iyo tamarta nukliyeerka. In 1905, A. Einstein furmay aragtida of relativity, Bohr shaqeeyeen aragti galmada la eb ah. Fur xuduntii qaaradda (Rutherford, 1911), shucaaca macmal ah (F. iyo I. Joliot-Curie, 1934), xuduntii ugu horeysay uranium fissile (Hahn, F. Shtassman, 1938).

Waxaan ku baran bannaan iyo daahfurtay in sameeyey cusub ee xiddigaha. rays runtan Open (V. Hess, 1911-1913), sharciga Hubble ee ku saabsan ballaadhinta la soo koonka (E. Hubble, 1929). Waxa uu noqonayaa mid ka war shucaaca runtan (Karl Jansky, 1931).

Been Bright iyo daahfurtay in qarnigii XX ah

Daahfurtay iyo waxay Been Abuuran waqti Newest si weyn uga sareynay muddo hore. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii qaboobaa, America iyo Midowga Soofiyeeti tartamaya Abuuridda hubka nuclear, iyo sidoo kale in sahaminta bannaan. Waxaa jira horumarinta koowaad ee gantaallo, saldhigyada meesha iyo maraakiibta. Midowga Soofiyeeti bilawday satellite ugu horeysay ee aan dabiici ahayn Dhulka, samaynta tallaabooyinka u horeeya ee safarka dayaxa - dushiisa of satellite bilaabay saldhigyada bannaan, Rovers.

In 1961, Yuri Gagarin noqday qofka ugu horeeya si ay u booqdaan meel. In 1969 Neil Armstrong American ah ka dhigaysa caga a on dayaxa.

Eeg Armstrong ku dul socda dayaxa ma guulaysteen haddii, qarnigii la mid ah ma ku abuurta television. Kaalin ka qaato horumarka of mucjiso this of technology dhigay Vladimir Zworykin, Philo Farnsworth iyo kuwa kale.

In 1946 wuxuu abuuray computer marka hore ENIAC, maamaan ah ee abuurtay ku badan yihiin sida calculator ah oo dalka Mareykanka ah. alifay of computer ugu horeeyay noocooda Charlz Bebbidzh tixgeliyo.

Been muhiim ah markii Newest - sidoo kale waa ZH laagu ah I. Kusto (1943), helicopter A. ee M. Cheremuhina (1930), engine a jet V. P. Glushko (1930), Teodora Meymana laser (1960) iyo bamka qaaradda (1945). , magaca iyo abuuraha reer binu oo waxaa lagu hayaa ugu adag xagga qarsoodiga.

gunaanad

Inta lagu jiro muddada taariikhda casriga ah iyo kan casriga ah waxaa sameeyey wax badan oo aadanaha weyn oo daahfurtay iyo waxay Been Abuuran khuseeya. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah aan maanta u isticmaalaan.