Maalinta cilmiga nukliyeerka - fasaxa xirfadeed oo ku yaalla Russia iyo Kazakhstan

Tan iyo bilowgii xilliga dayrta, waxaad maqli kartaa su'aasha ah: "alla maxay maalin ee cilmiga nukliyeerka" Tan waxa u sabab xaqiiqada ah in muwaadiniinta u bartayba, fasaxyada xirfad dabaal maalmaha fasaxa ee toddobaadka ah qaar ka mid ah bishii. Halkan xaaladdu waa ka duwan yahay. Wareegtadii madaxwayanaha (03.06.2005) ka go'an taariikhda saxda ah - 28 September. Tan iyo 2008, ku biiray ee dabaal iyo Republic of Kazakhstan.

"Rosatom"

hay'adaha fasax ka hor in ka badan 250 kun oo shaqaalaha ka mid ah saddex boqol iyo lixdan warshadaha nukliyeerka wada dabaal fasax ah xirfad tamarta - labaatan labaad ee December. Corporation State "Rosatom" (2007) waa madaxa waaxda, oo isku xidhaya ee ay ka kooban:

• shirkadaha warshadaha rayidka ah.
• Bilowno waayo wax soo saarka ee hubka nukliyeerka.
• Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee physicists nuclear.
• Icebreaking raxan.

Madaxa shirkad gobolka, Sergei Kiriyenko, mar Ra'iisul Wasaaraha yaraa (1998).

Maalinta cilmiga nukliyeerka - nooc ka mid ah warbixinta waaxda dalka, sababtoo ah awoodaha shirkad gobolka ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah arrimaha ammaanka nuclear, horumarinta cilmiga iyo gudashada waajibaadka caalamiga ah.

History of warshadaha

Maalinta September 28 aan qasdin qeexay. Taariikhda la xidhiidha 1942, markii amar USSR GKO lagu ansixiyay bilowgii mashruuca uranium ah oo calan kor u shaybaarka gaar ah. Waxa uu hogaaminayo cilmi Academician I. V. Kurchatov, oo magiciisa la odhan hadda waa xarunta ugu weyn ee sayniska ee tamarta nukliyeerka. Dagaalka koobnayn fursadaha hawlaha cilmi, si tijaabo ugu horeysay ee nuclear ee 1945 ayaa la soo baxay Maraykanka. Ka dib markii shaqada Great Patriotic on isticmaalka tamarta nukliyeerka ujeedooyin milatari ayaa la shaqeysiin, taas oo uu xataa qotomiyey guddi inter-wasiir madax L. P. Berii.

August 1949 - taariikh taariikhiga ah. Tani wakhtiga imtixaanka ugu horeysay nuclear Semey ah, 32 bilood ka dib bilowgii nuclear ugu horeeyay ee nuclear ka dib. In kasta oo ay dhibaato ka mid ah sano post-dagaal, Midowga Soofiyeeti, way qabsadeen tiro la mid ah waqtiga sida Mareykanka. Day ee saynisyahan Ruush nuclear ayaa sheegay in bulshada oo dhan sayniska oo ku lug leh dhacdada taagan. saynisyahan Ryabev Leo xusuustaa in dugsiyada sare ka qalin maalmaha August ee 1949 ka dib, loola cararay waaxaha physics ah, si ay uga qaybgalaan tartanka la col iman kara. Mid ka mid ah saddex-meelood meel ka mid ah fasalka uu waxaa hadda ka shaqeeya warshadaha nukliyeerka. Warshad horeysay nuclear awooda in dunida, halkaas oo la eb la geliyey si ay hawsha nin, noqday geedka awood Obninsk (July ee 1954).

warshadaha nukliyeerka Ruush

Maanta, waxa jira 10 NPP, kuwaas oo tiro qarniga xoogga waa 18.6%. In qayb ka mid ah Yurub ee Russia waxa ka badan 33%. The dhirta ugu weyn ee nuclear awood - Balakovo (photos of booqashada SV Kirienko loo arki karaa in maqaalka), Kalinin (dhow caasimada), Kursk iyo Leningrad. Hadda waxaa jira dhismaha ah oo sideed xarumood oo dheeraad ah ee dalka, iyo siddeed iyo soddon - dibedda. Russia - dalka keliya haysashada raxan qalada bi'iyo nuclear. Si dhakhso ah loo gelin doonaa hawlgalka warshad sabayn awoodda nuclear, dhismaha oo waxaa lagu fuliyaa at deked markab bari.

Maalinta cilmiga nukliyeerka - jirta iidda, waayo, kuwa ku hawlan yihiin in macdanta uranium. On kaydka shidaalka nuclear, Russia waa in booska saddexaad ee adduunka ka dib markii Australia iyo Kazakhstan. In 2015, wax soo saarka yuraaniyamka ahaa 3000 oo tan, taas oo ka dhigtay dalka labaad ee ugu weyn caalamka. dhacdooyinkii naxdinta lahaa ee sayniska Chernobyl dib markii diiradda lagu saaray dhibaatada ammaanka awoodda nuclear.

warshadaha nukliyeerka ee Kazakhstan

Qayb ka mid ah Jamhuuriyadda Soofiyeeti ee Kazakhstan ayaa qayb muhiim ah oo awoodda nuclear ee dalka. On dhulkeeda waa ma aha oo kaliya goobta imtixaanka Semipalatinsk ah, laakiin sidoo kale dhirta Ulba ugu weyn ee soo saarta qaybaha shidaalka nuclear. In May 2008, Madaxweynaha Nazarbayev saxiixday amar on abuuritaanka September 28, fasaxa xirfadeed. Maalinta cilmiga nukliyeerka ee Kazakhstan, iyo sidoo kale in Russia, waxaa ka go'an in dhacdooyinkii 1942. Xulashada mustaqbal free nuclear-, dalka xiran dhulka tababarka caan, laakiin ma badan oo loogu talagalay horumarinta warshadaha nukliyeerka.

Kazakhstan waxay bixisaa 33% baahida uranium dunida, isagoo hoggaamiye ee ay wax soo saarka. Kow iyo toban shirkadood oo shaqaaleeyaan qiyaastii 10,000 oo shaqaale. All oo dhan, maalin fasax ah xirfad isku diyaarineysa in ay u dabaal in ka badan 25 kun oo qof. "Kazatomprom" iyo "Rosatom" biiray ciidamada abuurka ah ee Center of uranium la xoojiyey, macaamiisha bixiya waxyaabaha aan cayriin iyo shidaalka dhamaystirtay. Si aad u taariikhda, dalka ka hawlgala ma Quwadda Nuclearka, laakiin qorshaha 2018 - bilowga dhismaha saldhigga ugu horeysay.

hanbalyo

Maalinta cilmiga nukliyeerka ma aha maalin fasax ah, laakiin oo dhan dabaal-dhaqameedyada waxaa loo qorsheeyay 28 September. Warbaahinta aqbalay hambalyeeyo kuwii at asalka ah ee warshadaha, iyo kuwa si toos ah ula xiriira, maanta. The shaqaalaha ugu fiican iyo saynisyahano waa la siiyey abaalmarinta, oo ay ku jiraan ka Organization Adduunka ee WANO. In la soo dhaafay, warshadaha nukliyeerka dabaaldageyso sannadguuradii 70aad (count la sameeyo si ay u bilaabaan nuclear ugu horeysay), si kastaba ha ahaatee dabaal maray miisaan gaar ah. Laanta waxaa u qalmeen magacaabay tiirkii farsamada ee gobolka. Sannad kasta ee Moscow qabtay riwaayad gala leh qaab xiddigaha pop, ka mid ah taas oo si gaar ah loo jecel yahay Sofia Rotaru.

Hambalyo cilmiga nukliyeerka helay iyo Kazakhstan, halkaas oo warshadaha nukliyeerka waa astaanta u ah dalka. In 2015, waxaa la madax AK Zhumagaliyev, kuwaas oo ka soo baxay wasaaradda Investment iyo Horumarinta yimid. Dalku waa ugu fiican xirfad waxaa la guddoonsiiyey horyaalka ee shaqaalaha sharafta Lisitaanka warshadaha nukliyeerka la abaalmarinta dahab ama saxan weyn oo lacag. In Russia - Sharafbadanyahay Shaqaalaha ee warshadaha ee Ruush nuclear. In sharaf of guuradii aasaasay bilad gaar ah la siiyo si ay u veterans ee warshadaha.

xusuusta

Maalinta cilmiga nukliyeerka go'aansaday in la xusuusto kuwa ugu qiimaha ilaalinta nolosha iyo caafimaadka dadka kuwa maalmood ee musiibooyin cabsi badan, halkaas oo la eb nabad waa out of control ee ay abuure.

29/09/1957 musiibo Kyshtym ka dhacay gobolka Chabrovsk ee geedka "Mayak", kaas oo la farsameeyo qashinka nukliyeerka. In deegaanka ee wasakhda shucaaca waxay ahaayeen saddex meelaha ugu waaweyn:, Sverdlovsk ku Tyumen iyo Chabrovsk. Saddex iyo labaatan degsiimooyinka ayaa ka baxay by dadka degganba, iyo tirtiridda shil la diray dadka militeri iyo kuwa rayid. Waa lacag dhan 20 million Curie ee qiiqa shucaaca

Shucaaca 50 million jeestay Pripyat taallo raagayaan musiibadii Chernobyl ee 1986, taasoo ka dhigeysa guri la'aan 300 kun oo qof. The liquidators shil Chernobyl - geesiyaal dhab ah, si looga hortago horumarinta masiibo ka sii cabsi badan.

September 28 - maalin mahadnaq ma aha oo kaliya dadka, laakiin sidoo kale kuwa xirfadlayaasha maanta siiyaan howlgalka ammaan ee warshadaha nukliyeerka.