Hawlaha computer. computer aasaasiga ah iyo hawlaha ay

isticmaalka Computer ayaa noqonaya mid caadi ah, waayo, nin casriga ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma kasta milkiilaha PC u maleeyo ku saabsan waxa ay shaqo gaar ah u qabata qalabka kombiyuutarka ku haboon. dadka isticmaala dhowr ogaado waxa gaarka ah ee qaybaha hardware gaarka ah ee aad computer. Maxaa funktsiiPK? Waa kuwee hardware qaybaha ku jira qaab-dhismeedka Kombuyuutarada shakhsi?

Tilmaamo muhiim ah oo ka kombiyuutarada

Maxay yihiin qaababka of computer la ogaan karaa sida furaha? Waxaa jira tiro ka mid ah hababka ay qeexidda. On Wednesday IT-khubarada nidaamka Ruush caadi ah, sida laga soo xigtay oo hawlaha computer ah waxaa lagu muujiyey in liiska soo socda:

• processing xogta;
• kaydinta xogta;
• dhaqdhaqaaqa macluumaadka;
• maamulka file.

Waa in la ogaadaa laga yaabaa in muuqaalada kuwaas oo guud ahaan caadi ah in dhammaan noocyada kala duwan ee kombiyuutarada. kala soocidda casriga ah ee qalabka kombiyuutarka soo jeedisay in noocyo waa tiro badan yihiin. Waxaa jira kumbiyuutarada caadada, kombiyuutarada warshadaha halkaas, iyo sidoo kale kuwa ku jira qaab-dhismeedka aaladahooda wax lagu qaado. Dabcan, nooc kasta oo PC waxay yeelan doonaan hawlaha gaarka ah.

In the case of kombiyuutarada user waxaa laga yaabaa, tusaale ahaan, processing ee naqshadeynta, qoraalka, ama dhawaaqa. Function computer on-board of diyaaradaha a military - maamulka a qalab halis ah, dayactirka ah ee hufnaanta habab ay. koobnaanta ku haboon qalabka kombiyuutarka warshadaha xiri doona baahida loo qabo in si sax ah u qabtaan hawlaha soo saarka cayimay.

Ha ka fikiro si aynu u gaarka ah ee mid kasta oo ka mid ah hawlaha caadiga ah ee dhammaan kombiyuutarada kor ku xusan.

Kombuyuutarada Function: data processing

nidaamka kombiyuutarka processing Data ku lug leedahay daawaynta kala duwan ee soo saaray ee qaybaha hardware of computer ah. Hirgelintooda waxaa inta badan la socda natiijo la taaban karo, waayo, user: marka ay timaado kumbiyuutarada, tani waxay noqon kartaa abuurka dokumentiga ama dheellitirka jira, on-screen bandhigay macluumaad kasta, entry ama PC galay wada hadalka ay la user iyada oo loo marayo weydiimo. Milkiilaha computer, sidaas darteed, waxay ku lug leedahay shaqo macluumaad processing on PC marka la abuurayo, sixiddiisa iyo dhalmo of files.

data Kaydinta

hawlaha computer aasaasiga ah ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah kaydinta xogta. Haddii aan ka hadlo PC ah, waxaa la wareegay ay meelaynta ee foomka of files iyo fayl on warbaahinta gaar ah loo isticmaalo xiga. kaydinta xogta ku salaysan yahay mabaadii'da nidaamka: waxa uu fududeeyaa raadinta ku xiga ee xogta loo baahan yahay. Files ku yaalaa on your computer wuxuu noqon karaa user - leedahay mulkiilaha, ama nidaam in abuuraa adeegsanaya PC laftiisa.

macluumaadka soo guurista

function PC waxaa loo fasiri karaa siyaabo kala duwan. First of dhan, hoos dhaqaaqaan macluumaadka marka ay timaado kumbiyuutarada, waxa loo fahmi karaa habka ah oo ka mid ah ama file kale soo guuriyeen ka mid dhexdhexaad kale (ama badala ay qaraabo meel tusaha ku qeexan nidaamka faylka). daaweynta kale oo ku lug leedahay geeddi-socodka in macluumaadka loo kala qaado inta u dhaxaysa kombiyuutarada kala duwan: iyadoo la isticmaalayo sidayaal mobile (.. drive CD-ROM, drives flash, iwm) ama internetka ama LAN ah.

maamulka file

Habkaani dhameystirta kasta oo ka mid saddex kor ku xusan. files loo maamulo sida warar ku saabsan marxaladda daaweynta, iyo ilaalinta ama inta ay barakac. Shaqada su'aasha la fulin karaa si toos ah - haddii ay taasi ku computer ka go'aamisa algorithms loo baahan yahay, iyo sidoo kale ka qaybgalka tooska ah ee user.

Kaddib markii ay baaraan sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee kombiyuutarka sida qalab user a, ka fiirso muuqaalada hardware qayb ay. Xaaladdan oo kale, waxa uu noqon lahaa a qalabka kombiyuutarka shakhsi ka tirsan waxa loogu yeero IBM-naqshadaha, kuwa ugu badan ee adduunka.

qaybaha hardware PC

PC Modern - a kaxeynayo computer ka kooban qalabka dhowr. Teknoolajiyada, kuwaasoo mid walba uu u qabata shaqada madax banaan, laakiin shaqeeyaan si gooni gooni ah ka kale - faa'iidooyinka la taaban karo milkiilaha PC - ma awoodo. Waa maxay qaybaha ay joogaan in qaab dhismeedka kombiyuutarada casri ah? Ka mid ah kuwa:

• unit nidaamka (kaas oo, ee jeedo, ku yaalaan: processor a, motherboard, RAM, drive adag, video iyo dhawaaqa kaararka, qalabka network, drives disk);
• socdo;
• hab gacanta (keyboard, mouse, iyo analogs oo dhanba);
• accessories (madbacadaha, scanners, iyo wixii la mid ah. d.).

Iyada oo ku xidhan habka qaabeynta oo ka mid ah qaybaha xogta PC waxaa laga yaabaa in unugyo gaar ah ama noqon hal madal hardware ah. Xaaladda hore, computer uu noqon doono nooca "desktop" in loo malaynayo in la abuuro meel mug leh oo miiska saaran oo aan dhaqdhaqaaq joogto ah oo ka mid ah meel kale. In labaad - PC u badan tahay dhisi doonaa qaab laptop ah. Waxa kale oo jira version dhexe shirka PC ah - sida a "monoblock". Waxay isku daraa dhammaan oo ka mid ah qaybaha hardware soo xulay, marka laga reebo kontaroolada - waxay ku xiran yihiin in ay computer ka si gooni gooni ah.

Kuwanu waa aasaasiga ah unit of computer ah. hawlaha ay tahay inaad wax ka barato sidoo kale muhiim u noqon doontaa, waana - our hawsha soo socota.

Shaqooyinka qaybaha PC ah: processor

Processor - computer ugu weyn ee chip computer. Sida caadiga ah, tani waa qayb ugu teknoolojiyad sare oo qaali ah PC ah. Processor for kumbiyuutarada waxaa laga heli karaa kaliya ah shirkadaha yar ee dunida. In ka badan 90% ka mid ah suuqa dunida ayaa waxaa kujira laba shirkadood - Intel iyo AMD. component ugu weyn ee index ee PC waxqabadka - inta jeer ee hawlaha. Waxa caadi ahaan lagu qiyaasay in gigahertz, ama GHz. inta jeer ee sare, si degdeg ah chip ee uu qabtaa xisaabinta loo baahdo.

Sidoo kale, tilmaame muhiim ah qaab processor - tirada diirkja. The more, xoog qayb ka hardware u dhiganta. Maxay yihiin qaababka ee processor computer aad la odhan karaa waa furaha? Waxaan dhihi karnaa in ay guud ahaan la mid yihiin kuwa lagu sameeyaa by PC oo dhan: taabato, dhaqaaqin, kaydinta, database, maamulka file. Sidaas aan raad raaco karo muhiimadda ay processor ee meel kasta ee aad computer.

motherboard

Motherboard - chip ugu weyn ee PC. Waxay mas'uul ka tahay keenidda qaybaha hardware kala duwan ee your computer. waxaa On yihiin processor ka, drive adag, xusuusta, audio iyo video kaararka, adapters network. In ay qaab-dhismeedka isku - boosteejada ugu weyn in waafajiyaan accessories PC dibadda. motherboard The, iyo sidoo kale processor uu leeyahay tusiyaha xawaare, ayaa muujiyay sida inta jeer ah. Sida caadiga ah, ikhtiyaarka ugu habboon ee nooca ka mid ah qaybaha hardware ku lug tirooyinka suubban badan CPUs, iyo waxa aan la go'an in gigahertz, iyo in megahertz. Laakiin waxaa jira reeban. Waxaa jira motherboards-qabadka sare ku shaqeeyaan inta jeer ka muujiyeen by kaliya isla ee gigahertz.

helitaanka random xasuusta

PC RAM, ama RAM - chipset this, taas oo meelaynta ku meel gaar ah ee xog digital in geedi socodka Kombuyuutarada. khayraadka ku haboon, sida caadiga ah wuxuu isticmaalayaa processor ah. hawlaha kale ee muhiimka ah ee xasuusta kombiyuutarka ee - waxay u dallici isweydaarsiga deg deg ah ee xogta u dhexeeya kombiyuutarada, iyo sidoo kale abuurista jawi hardware gaar ah in la soo dejiyo barnaamijyo. nooca A gaar ah oo software la ordi karaan oo keliya haddii PC waa RAM xorta ah.

mugga - tilmaanta ugu muhiimsan ee waxqabadka RAM. Waa maxay, qiimaha ugu weyn ee Arrays macluumaadka waxaa lagu qori karaa xasuusta. qiyaas kale oo waxqabadka qayb ka hardware dhiganta, sida kiiska ee processor ama motherboard, - noqnoqoshada. The sare waa, si degdeg ah xasuusta shaqeeya. Tilmaame kale oo muhiim ah waxqabadka RAM - bandwidth. Waxa ay ka tarjumaysaa inta faylka loo samayn karo ee chip muddo go'an of time. Waa maxay, qayb ka hardware baahisey waa ka dhaqso. Awoodda oo ka mid ah xasuusta, iyo sidoo kale qalab kale, taas oo caan ku caan this waxaa lagu qeexay in megabits per labaad, oo lagu daydo-waxqabadka sare - gigabits per labaad. Ereyga "bandwidth" ayaa tiro ka mid ah micne ah - tusaale ahaan, "heerka Channel" (ama "bas", "boosaska", "dekedda").

Waa in la ogaadaa waxa laga yaabaa in processor ka, motherboard iyo xasuusta - qalab in ay yihiin ilaa xad ah oo masuul ka ah xaqiiqda sida ay u soomi PC a shaqeyn doonaan iyo sida ugu wanaagsan ee ku ordi doonaa hawlaha aasaasiga ah ee kombuyuutarka. Haddii tilmaamayaasha waxqabadka qaybaha hardware khuseeya yar yihiin, si loo gaaro siyaadiyaa galo ay qaab-dhismeedka, waa ay adag tahay xawaaraha PC kharash ku aaladaha kale. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay iyo Xoolahooda inay sidoo kale muhiim ah ka barta of view of fulinta hawlaha loo baahan yahay ee PC a. Tixgeli waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee ka kooban, kuwaas oo.

disk adag

drive adag - qalab loogu talagalay files meelaynta joogto ah. Sayidka, qayb muhiim ah marka la eego shaqada computer sida kaydinta xogta. The macluumaad disk adag la saaro mabaadii'da ku qeexan nidaamka faylka loo isticmaalo by PC ah.

Tilmaame ugu weyn ee ka kooban hardware warbixinta waxqabadka - mugga. Waa maxay, ayaa in ka badan oo muhiim ah waa qiimaha diyaariyeen ah ee files in laga saari karo aad disk adag. Tilmaame kale oo muhiim ah waxqabadka qayb this - sida kiiska ee RAM ah, bandwidth this. The sare waa, si degdeg ah xogta la akhriyo oo qoraal ah disk adag, taas oo saameyn toos ah ku leeyahay xawaaraha aad computer.

kaarka Video iyo monitor

Haddii aad yeeran, waxa ay tahay hawsha waxaa lagu sameeyaa by computer uu lahaa category ee qalabka kombiyuutarka shakhsi, ururka marka hore waxaan u badan tahay inay ka nidaaminta naqshadeynta kac. PC waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida qalab lagu abuuro iyo sixiddiisa images, movies, sawirrada kulan computer iyo hawlaha kale ee badan oo la mid. qaybaha hardware Key ayaa masuul ka ah hirgelinta guul ah shaqooyinka kala duwan ee PC ah - Kaarka iyo kormeeraha. qalab labaad ayaa mas'uul ka ah macluumaadka soo bandhigay muuqaalka qaab la fahmi karo in user ka. The sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee kormeeraha - dadab iyo xallinta. Ku saabsan xulashada ugu horeysay - waxa ay ku xiran Dooratay shakhsi ahaan of user ah. xallinta monitor, markeeda, waa in ay ahaadaan ku filan sare muuqaallo kale waxay ahaayeen tayo sare leh oo cad.

kaarka video ayaa mas'uul ka ah nidaaminta muuqaallo kale oo u muujiyaan on kormeeraha. qalab Tani waxa uu ku yaalaa, caadi ahaan on motherboard ah. Laakiin in lagu daydo qaar ka mid ah PC, inta badan ee laptops, chip u dhiganta waxaa la dhexgeliyey processor ka, taas oo ah, waa qayb ka mid ah qayb hardware ah. Sifada ugu weyn ee video - bandwidth. The sare waa, ugu weyn qadarka xogta image dhiganta qayb hardware farsameeyo kartaa. dabeecad kale oo muhiim ah kaarka video ah - waa xaddiga lacagta ee xasuusta dhisay-in iyada.

dhawaajiyaan

Features PC inta badan waxaa ka mid ah processing audio. A qayb muhiim ah hardware mas'uul ka ah xalka dhibaatooyinka sida - kaarka codka. Waxaa inta badan ku yaal on motherboard sida qalab gaar ah. Laakiin, waxaa sanqadhaya oo la dhisay chip ugu weyn ee PC. sifooyin waxqabadka aasaasiga ah oo u dhiganta qayb hardware - xoog signalka iyo inta jeer sampling ah. Halbeegga ugu horreeya ee waxaa lagu cabiraa halbeega jabaqda, ama dB, labaad - inta badan in kilohertz ah, ama Khz. The kor ku xusan laba sifooyinka - fiican dhawaaqa in la ciyaari doonaa computer.

qalabka isku xirka

Inta badan kombiyuutarada casri ah ka shaqeeya shabakadaha - oo la xiriira kumbiyuutarada guriga, ka dibna asal ahaan waxaa la wareegay oo ay leeyihiin internet-ka. Kumbiyuutarada Enterprise, iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah guriga, dabcan, sidoo kale abuuri karaan shabakad xaafaddooda.

computer Xarunta qalabka kale ee kombiyuutarka by qaybaha hardware kala. Inta badan, network adabtarada ah - chip saaray motherboard ama sida kiiska ee kaarka audio ah, mararka qaarkood la dhisay u galay. waxa in ay ku xidhmaan karaa cable ka ISP, Kuna fidisa helitaanka computer internetka.

adapters badan oo network oo casri ah ugu shaqeyn karaan iyaga oo aan fiilooyin - via technology Wi-Fi. Xaaladdan oo kale, computer waxaa marka hore ku xiran a router wireless, ama router, taas oo iyana la geeyn karaa bixiyaha cable ka.

Waxaa jira wax-u Moodeemka mobile - qalabka ku xiran yihiin PC sida caadiga ah iyada oo mid ka mid ah dekadaha ee motherboard ah ay awoodaan in ay computer si ay Internet ka keeni network operator mobile. Taasi waa ku dhex jiraa waa SIM-card iyo qofkii lahaa inay soo this operator xafiiska canshuur gaar ah la isticmaalayo internetka.

Sifada ugu weyn ee qalabka network oo dhan - bandwidth. The sare waa, si degdeg ah, tusaale ahaan, inay kala soo bixi faylasha internetka.

Kontoroolha PC: keyboard iyo mouse

Waxaa hubaal ah ciidankii qalab maamulka PC ah - keyboard ah. Isticmaalka la taaban karo qalabka kombiyuutarka oo aan aad u adag. Shaqooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee keyboard computer ah: xogta qoraalka warbixinta, iyo sidoo kale bixinta dhexgalka user la PC ah adoo u diraya nidaam computer ah calaamadaha gaarka ah ee la furayaasha shakhsi, ama isku darka oo dhanba. Ugu Biiray qalab this inta badan in mid ka mid ah dekadaha ee motherboard ah. Laakiin waxaa kale oo jira accessories wireless oo ah nooca ku haboon. Shaqooyinka gaarka ah ee xukunka keyboard computer la barnaamijkii karaa by user ah, inkastoo ay jiraan tiro ka mid ah heerarka caalamiga ah, kuwaas oo qalab soo saarayaasha, iyo sidoo kale dunida ka mid ah technology computer, guud ahaan, isku day in aad u hoggaansamaan.

Xaaladaha intooda badan, keyboard PC la dhammaystirayaa accessories kale - mouse a. Waxaa loo qaabeeyey si ay u fududeeyaan lug ku user ee ilaha computer iyo dardar xalka dhibaatooyinka qaarkood. Mouse inta badan Nuqullada hawlaha keyboard computer ah - sidoo kale, by dhaqdhaqaaqa ku haboon ku siin kartaa PC ama koox kale. Iyo sidoo kale taxane ah ka gees ah hawlo gaar ah ay fuliyeen mouse a (tus, control of qof ciyaarta kulankii) waxaa la sameyn karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo keyboard ah.

qaybaha muhiimka ah ee computer ah iyo hawlo ka, waxaan bartay. Laakiin waxaa jira fara badan accessories in la dhamaystiro qaybaha hardware aasaasiga ah ee PC ee. Tixgeli waxyaabaha gaarka ah ee ugu badan - madbacadaha iyo scanners. Waxay bartaan dadka isticmaala badan oo isku mar la iibka ah ee computer ah.

accessories PC: madbacadaha iyo scanners

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in qalab computer iyo hawlaha ay kala duwan yihiin, waxay inta badan loo arkaa in la eego isku mid ah. Tani waa la fahmi karo: printer The qora warbixin ka PC si warqada, scanners - on lid ku ah, waxaa la soo bandhigay galay computer ka, jeestay ka warqadda foomka digital. Waxaa jira qaybaha hardware in lagu biiriyo madbacadaha shaqo iyo scanners, - qalabka multi-shaqo, ama MFP. Sida caadiga ah, waxay kale oo ay leedahay shaqada a of copier ah.

Kaasi waa koobnaanta ee shaqeeya ee qalabka kombiyuutarka shakhsiga ah oo casri ah. In dugsiyada maanta, waxay inta badan carruurta bartay da'doodu u horeeya. barayaasha casriga badan ayaa waxay aaminsan yihiin in category da'da fiicnayn ilmaha oo u baahan in la ogaado sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee computer ah - Fasalka 3. Computer taagan yahay in badan oo ka mid ah dugsiyada maanta sida shayga ugu muhiimsan waa in aad xariif carruurta.