Saynisyahan Siyaasadda Mark Urnov: Biography, hawlaha iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

In ka badan labaatan sannadood, Mark Urnov, mid ka mid ah falanqeeyayaasha siyaasadda Ruush ugu caansan, ayaa cilmi nidaamka dawliga ah ee dalka, waxa uu saadaalinayaa dhacdooyinka iyo sameeyaa sahan dadweynaha. Natiijooyinka ee uu shaqada la sameeyey ayaa sal u ah noocyo kala duwan oo farsamooyinka in saamayn dhibaatada abuuraya a anshaxa shirkadaha iyo tababar hogaamineed ee jiilka ka yar iyo formation of free-fikirka aqoonyahanada dalka.

Biography

Mark Urnov waxa uu ku dhashay 1944 in Moscow galay qoyska ka mid ah aktarada iyo physics, taas oo ay sabab u tahay dhalashada wiilkiisa lagu qasbay in uu ka tago te'atradii. Aabbaha shaqeeyay dhowr sano on microscopes electron in hay'ad u xiran yihiin. ilmaha Early wajahay la is burinaya siyaasadeed ee post-dagaal Russia. Senior Urnov marar badan ii sheegay sida ay, Yuhuudda, oo kuwa la dulmay oo kale saarida deg-dega ah wakiillo ka ah dadka u doortay inay Siberia.

Tan iyo yaraantiisii Mark Urnov aslanba beeniyey dhammaan faa'idoyinka nolosha Soviet badan aadu uuga duwan qoyska, sida hooyadiis, aabbihiis iyo walaalkiis taageerayaasha kulul wadaag. In ay u diideen oo ka mid ah fikradaha ee hantiwadaagga, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa sida awoowe ah kuwaas oo ahaa arday iyo in ku dhawaad baxsaday Kolchak socday dagaalkii sokeeye ee.

formation

Urnov Mark, kuwaas oo Biography noqon lahaa aan dhamaystirnayn oo aan xusuusannaa ah marxaladdan muhiimka ah ee formation of qofku shakhsiyadiisu, dugsiga sare wuxuu bartay dugsiga cajiib ah jirka iyo xisaabta. derbiyada machadkan gudahood ayaa soo saartay jawi cajiib deeqsi ah: macalimiinta soo bandhigay qaybaha ay la masterpieces suugaanta adduunka oo ku aanan ku wacdiyin Marxism. In dugsiga sare, wuxuu jinnigii madaxbanaanida iyo Isfurtaan oo caqliga boqor ku ahaa.

Tani waxay khilaaf u dhexeeya fikirka ah ee hantiwadaagga iyo aragtida xanibin mucaaradka iyo korinayo waxa noqday Urnov Mark. Waxa uu sii waday in uu waxbarashada ee Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO), halkaas oo, in erayada saynisyahan siyaasadeed, ayuu ugu dambeyntii fahamsan yahay gobolka dhabta ah ee arrimaha dalkooda. Ka dib markii ruuxa deeqsi ah ee dugsiga sare, jaamacad loogu ekeysiiyey in a "zoo".

In kasta oo nacayb ah ee dhaqaalaha, ayuu ka Kuliyadda ee Xiriirka Dhaqaale International iyo ra'yigaa sayidkiisa ka qalin. Xataa markaas, qofka dhallinyarada ah ayaa xiiso weyn oo in macquul ah dhacdooyinka saadaalinta, ku saleysan xogta tirakoobka.

Experience cilmi cilmiga

Inta lagu guda jiro perestroika Mark Urnov horeysay xog-ururinta dadka, oo ay ku jiraan siyaasadda. Waxa uu bilaabay in la Institute, halkaas oo uu carruur walaalkiis u shaqeeyay. Si wada jir ah ay u bixiyeen physicists in ay buuxiyaan waydiimo gaaban. Natiijada uu aad u la yaabay iyo cabsi in xitaa halkan, ka mid ah hormoodka u maleeyeen ee dalka kuma jirin Libaraalka aad u lahaa in la beddelo Russia. Jawaab ma ay aqbalin mana uu arkin xoriyadda soo socda, laakiin halkii ay ka cabsi qabaan mustaqbalka mustaqbalka dimuqraadi ah.

Laga soo bilaabo inuu dhaqan horeysay Urnov Mark Yurevich sameeyey gabagabada muhiim ah in Russia weli diyaar uma ahan cutubkan cusub ee bulshada. Markaasuu wuxuu bilaabaa in uu fahmo dhibaatooyinka aasaasiga ah ee jiilka koowaad ee xisbiga Libaraalka - waxay rumaysan yihiin in mucjiso ah. Gorbachev oo Yeltsin arinku inay filayaan in la diidmada oo ka mid ah dadka u dardaarmay Soviet oo dhan bay ku kici doontaa, keligeed horumarinta miyir siyaasadeed, iyo u Dhaeba jacayl albaabbadeedii oo hoos dhismaha furi doonaa oo kaa caawin doona gobolka.

Sameynta habab u gaar ah

Ka dib waayo-aragnimo ee hore ee la waraysanayo Mark Urnov xiiso ogaanshaha dhibaatooyinka ee bulshada Ruush. Wixii aragti isbarbardhigga of Russia la fikirka ah ee dadka barwaaqo Europe, waa farsamooyinka mararka used shisheeye in ay muujiyeen failure dadweynaha, kalsooni darro in awood, iyo in dadka guud ahaan.

In ka sagaashankii hore ugu horeeyay wuxuu sameeynayaa sahan mid ah ku xigeenadiisa iyo xubnaha kale ee fasalka talada haya. Inta badan oo iyaga ka mid, xataa Communists ah ma doonayo in aan mar kale aragtaan Midowga Soofiyeeti awood ah, laakiin weli naively rumaysan in nooc ka mid ah mustaqbalka deeqsi ah lkn. galku ka mid ah ayaa markii danbe u sameeyaan aasaas u ah waxbarasho baaxad weyn oo miyir aqoonyahanada dalka Ruushka, kaas oo sannado badan loo qabtay Urnov Mark Yurevich. Qorniinka ku saabsan arrintan ayaa lagu turjumey luqado daraasiin oo si guul ah lagu daabacay West ah.

saynisyahan siyaasadeed ugu caansan keenay in ay ka shaqeeyaan falanqaynta nolosha bulshada iyo siyaasadda ee dalka, "nidaamka xisbiga ee Russia ee 1989-1983 sannadood, waayo-aragnimo ah ee ay noqonayaan" (1994), "class dhexe ee Russia: Qiimaynta tayo iyo tiro ahaanba" (2000) iyo "Modern Russia: caqabadaha iyo jawaabaha "(2005).

Shaqeeyaan Waaxda Cilmi-baarista ee Madaxweynaha Ruush

saynisyahan waxa uu ahaa qoraaga baaritaano badan oo cilmiga on dhinacyada kala duwan ee xaqiiqda Ruush. shuqulkii kooxda aan soo xirtay af keliya. Sidaas, markii uu khilaaf ba'an ee Yeltsin iyo ciidamada deeqsi ah, uu si sax ah la yaab leh saadaaliyay dhammaan dhacdooyinka ku xiga, oo ay ku jirto bilowga dagaalka Chechnya.

saadaasha xilligan in uu shaqada ahayd muhiimadda ugu weyn. In doorashada ee 1996, dhawr bilood ayuu ahaa cilmi baarista aragtida dadweynaha. In kasta oo in yar oo xiiso dhabta ah ee xilka Madaxweynaha Yeltsin, uu saadaaliyay in guusha isaga. Dadka daalan tahay isbedelka iyo hal-abuurnimo, iyo factor this - joogtada jecel yihiin - cadaato muhim. Waxaas oo dhan si sax ah 2 boqolkiiba malayn laga yaabaa Mark Urnov. Russia, in uu ra'yi, ma weli diyaar u wax cusub, iyo hadafyada jir ah ayaa u suurtogashay in ay jebiyaan caado. Taasi waa sababta Zyuganov oo laga badiyay xitaa haddii 25% cod-bixiyayaasha markii hore.

Daraasadda ku saabsan dhibaatooyinka aadanaha

Waxa intaa dheer in hillaadinta iyo siyaasadda u eegidda, tiradaasi si fiican u yaqaan dadweynaha, uu cilmi dabeecadaha maamulayaasha Ruush marka la barbardhigo tababarayaasha ugu sareeya ee Japan iyo England. Waxa uu xiiseynayay in orientation jira qiimaha at madaxdii qaababka kala duwan ee ururrada gudaha iyo dibadda.

Gabagabadii ku saabsan heerka dhaqanka shirkadaha ee dalka ayaa ka caawiyay qaabaynta mabaadi'da model guul, taas oo la dhisi lahaa in image ee hoggaamiyaha Ruushka. Mark Urnov qabtay tiro ka mid ah iyo shirar u huray in dhibaatadan. Waxay falanqeeye xeel dhagaystayaasha leh farsamo ee la maqlayo bartilmaameedka shaqada, lagu qabtay seminaaro si loo horumariyo xirfadaha hogaaminta. heerka Low oo ka mid ah kaadiriinta sare, ayuu waxaa loo arkaa mid ka mid ah sababaha hoos u dhaca nolosha dhaqaale ee gobolka.

wadadii New horumarinta Kooxaha waa in la sameeyey by milmaan dhaqammada shisheeye halkaas oo uu jiro farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya fasallada caqliga. Waxaan, on lid ku ah, kala duwanaanshaha u dhaxeeya waxgaradka iyo lakabyada hoose shiidaa jiritaan la'aanta. maamulka Soviet halaagnay aqoonyahanada dalka oo dhan, iyo formation of cusub waxay u baahan tahay waqti badan iyo dadaal.

Indho at dhab Ruush

Xitaa 69 sano saynisyahan siyaasadeed Mark Urnov weli ka qaybgale firfircoon ka wada dhibaatooyin kala duwan. In warbaahinta si joogto ah u muuqdaan saadaasha uu ku saabsan gobolka ee arrimaha dalka Ruushka, waxaana uu si joogta uu ka qayb-galay dood telefishanka. views waa si fiican u yaqaan tirada qof oppositional, iyo baaritaano badan oo ku jeeday daraasad oo ka mid ah sababaha Putin ee Russia, falalka iyo falanqaynta waxyeelada suurtogalka ah jidka hadda nolosha madaxweynaha.

Wareysi uu siiyay "Madaxweynaha Center B. N. Eltsina", ayuu ku cad xaaladaha ka yar taas oo madaxweynaha xiligan laga yaabaa si deg deg ah ku guuleysto jacaylka malaayiin muwaadiniinta. Sababta Urnov Mark arkaa in maskax dadka Ruush, kuwaas ma doonayaan in ay qaataan shaqadii cuslayd ee mas'uuliyadda iyo is-dhisaan mujtamac cusub iyo, sida mar walba, ku faraxsanahay in ay ku riday hindisahan gacmaha hoggaamiye xoog leh. Cilmi yeedhay this ifafaale syndrome ee talisnimo. Ma qarni hal dalkeena ayaa koray sarkhaansan oo ka mid ah "gacan bir." Iyo in ay ka gudbaan caado this waxaa isla markiiba ma libaanaan.

Mark Urnov hubiyo in la'aanta madaxbannaanida oo ka mid ah views of our dadweynaha la lifaaqan kalliftey in maandooriyaha iyo qamriga waa lagama yaabo inay dalka hoggaamiso galay mustaqbal ifaya. Dhibaatadu waxay tahay in xal u barbaarinta saxda ah ee jiilka cusub, oo mar dambe ma noolaan doonaa oo camal kaliya hoos feedhkii cabsi.

hadalkaas oo caan ah

Wixii dhowr sano Urnov waa guddoomiyaha Programs Analytical Fund. Waxaa ka soo qayb galay si fiican u yaqaan cilmiga siyaasadda Ruush. Kulamada waxaa la qabtaa qaab miis wareegsan, kaas oo xubno ka tirsan guddiga dhaafsadaan fikrado iyo wada hadlaan iyo horumarkii ugu dambeeyay ee dalka iyo dunida.

Mid ka mid ah shuqulladiisa caan ah - uu PhD on saamaynta jawiga qalbi ahaaneed ee geeddi socodka siyaasadeed ee bulshada. In wareysiyo raadiyaha iyo TV Mark Urnov xusay in ma aha oo kaliya in Russia laakiin sidoo kale in wadamo badan oo kale oo dunida dacaladeeda ah si loo gaaro natiijada la rabay oo ah aqoonyahanada dalka waxaa sii kordhaysa iyadoo la isticmaalayo warbaahinta. codbixiyayaasha la fili karo maalin baahin go'an qaar ka mid ah fikradaha, fikirrada, oo ay taageerayaan raadka dareenka, sida: dareenka waddaninimo, fikradda midnimada quruumaha.

oo ah falanqeeye baadi bulshada Ruush arka caado u hogaansamo oo aan u dhaqmaan. Waxa uu horey u noqday nooc ka mid ah aqoon u of matalaadda West ee foomka of neef xayawaan ah oo raba in uu u nuugo Russia, ma keeni kartaa in si kasta oo wax dhis ah ka mid ah xaaladda adag ee dhaqaale iyo dhaqan ee dalka.

nolosha Personal

Mark Urnov waa xaas oo uu leeyahay mid ka mid ah gabadh. Inkastoo ay culayska ugu cajiib ah, saynisyahan siyaasadeed helaa meel hiwaayadaha. Sidaas daraaddeed, waxa uu si firfircoon uga qayb baaskiil, ilaaliyaan hab nololeed caafimaad leh, jiilaalka xitaa beryahan godka.

Urnov Mark waa afhayeenka a soo noqnoqda ee siminaaro in qaybaha kala duwan ee dunida. Doctor of Sciences Siyaasadda ayaa dhowr abaal iyo gunno loogu tala hawlahooda sayniska. Waayo aragnimadii uu u baaxad weyn marka la eego saadaalinta siyaasadeed, falanqeeyayaasha cilmiga uu ma joogsadaan in ay gudbiyaan si jiilka ka yar. Waxa intaa dheer in waxbaridda, sannad kasta Urnov la Wadaajiseen ah uu u qabanqaabisaa siminaarro iyo tababaro loogu talagalay dhallinyarada. Waa in waxbarashada ka mid ah uu xirfad aqoon iyo free-jir, wuxuu arkaa iyo Russia rajaynaynaa mustaqbal ifaya.