Lagu fuliyo, noocyada, isticmaalka

cudurka Laboratory ee dhammaan cudurada faafa waxay ku salaysan tahay ogaanshaha dhiigga ee unugyada bukaan-socodka, kuwaas oo la soo saaray antigen pathogene ah, hababka fuliyo. Oo intay tageen ayay galeen dhaqanka caafimaad ee sagaal iyo dabayaaqadii - horraantii qarnigii labaatanaad.

Horumarinta ee sayniska ayaa ka caawiyay in la qeexo qaab dhismeedka antigenic of microbes iyo qaaciidooyinka kiimikada sunta ay. Waxaa suurto gal ah in la abuuro serum-ku-daweyn oo keliya ma aha, laakiin sidoo kale lagu ogaanayo. Waxay waxaa laga heli by maamulka wareer la dhimay xoolaha shaybaarka. dhowr maalmood ee barareyso bakaylaha dhiig ama jiirka alaabta loo isticmaalo aqoonsiga bakteeriyada ama sunta ay la isticmaalayo baaritaano fuliyo diyaariyey ka dib markii.

muuqaalka dibadda oo dareen-celin taas ku xiran tahay shuruudaha ay tahay samaynta iyo gobolka cudur ku jira dhiigga qofka bukaanka ah. Haddii microbes waa qayb ka beelaya, waxay u degaan, lysed, bilaa dhaqdhaqaaq ama xidhxidhay serum. Haddii cudur waa milma, waxa ay u muuqataa arrin ku dhexdhexaadnimada ama roobab.

agglutination (PA)

imtixaanka agglutination fuliyo waa heer sare ah oo gaar ah. Waa sahlan tahay si ay u qabtaan oo way iska caddahay in ay si dhakhso ah loo ogaado jiritaanka cudur ee serum bukaanka. Waxa loo isticmaalaa dejinta reaction Vidal (ogaanshaha of tiifowga iyo laambiya) iyo Weigl (Harar).

Waxay ku salaysan tahay is dhexgalka gaar ah u dhexeeya unugyada aadanaha (ama agglutinins) iyo unugyada microbial (agglyutenogenami). Ka dib markii ay is dhexgalka loo sameeyay qayb ka ah in uu soo dadajin. Tani waa calaamad wanaagsan. Waayo, dejinta reaction loo isticmaali karaa wakiilada nool ama dhintay microbial, fangaska, protozoa, unugyada dhiigga iyo unugyada degaaankaaga.

reaction Chemical u qaybsan yahay laba marxaladood:

1. Xarunta gaar ah antibodies (AT) la cudur (Ag).
2. Non-gaar ah - dhigaalka ee aqlabayadii AG-AT, sida formation of agglutinate ah.

Reaction agglutination aan toos ahayn (TPHA)

reaction Tani waa ka nugul yahay midka mid hore. Waxa loo isticmaalaa ogaanshaha cudurada ay keento bakteeriyada, dulin intracellular, protozoa. Waxaa si gaar ah in lagu ogaan karaa xitaa uruureen aad u yar ee unugyada.

Wixii samaynta isticmaalaya unugyada dhiigga cas ido la Daahiriyey iyo unugyada dhiigga cas ee aadanaha pretreated la antibodies ama cudur (waxay ku xiran tahay waxa shaybaarka doonayo si aad u hesho). Xaaladaha qaarkood, unugyada dhiigga cas aadanaha daaweeyaa immunoglobulins. jawaab Serologic of erythrocytes waxaa loo arkaa ansax haddii dhanba roobab ka dhacay hoose ee tuubada. dareen-celin wanaagsan waxaan dhihi karaa marka unugyada ee loo qoondeeyey in qaab reer dalad rogay, degan hoose oo dhan. falcelin xun waxaa dhaliyay markii unugyada dhiigga cas degaan qaab column ama badhamada ee xarunta of hooseysa.

reaction roobab (RP)

reactions fuliyo noocan ah u adeega si ay u aqoonsadaan cudur qayb aad u yar. Tani waxay noqon kartaa, tusaale ahaan, borotiinada (ama qaybood oo oo dhanba), xeryahooda ee borotiinada la subaga ama carbohydrates, qayb ka mid ah bakteeriyada iyo sunta ay.

Sera waayo, falcelinta waa la helay by deris macmal xoolaha, sida caadiga ah bakaylaha. In habkan, aad gabi ahaanba ka heli kartaa wax serum qaabo. Aagga roobab fuliyo hab la mid ah garoomada on agglutination. antibodies ku jira xidho serum in cudur ee ay xal Kolloidol si ay u sameeyaan u taagoo protein weyn, kuwaas oo lagu shubo on hoose ee tuubada ama on substrate ah (gel). Habkani waxaa loo arkaa inay aadka u gaar ah oo lagu ogaan karaa xitaa loo raad raaco tiro oo ah walaxda.

Loo isticmaalaa in lagu ogaado cudurka qaba, tulariimiya, anthrax, meningitis iyo cudurrada kale ee. Sidoo kale ku lug lahaa baadhitaanka foreensiga.

imtixaanka roobab Gel

lagu fuliyo la fulin karo ma aha oo kaliya in dhexdhexaad ah oo ah dareere, laakiin gel agarose ah. Tan waxaa lagu magacaabaa habka roobab waajihi. waxaa la, baran Halabuurka ee isku antigenic adag. Habkani wuxuu ku salaysan yahay chemotaxis ee cudur si antibodies, iyo qeybsanaan ku xigeenka. gel ay u dhaqaaqaan midba midka kale xawaare iyo shirka oo kala duwan si ay u sameeyaan khadadka roobab. line kasta - hal xidhmo oo ah K-AT.

antitoxin exotoxin dhexdhexaadnimada (RN)

serum Antitoxic takhalusi karaa exotoxin oo sheyga soo saaro. Iyada oo ku saleysan xogta iyo imtixaanada fuliyo. Ayidhi isticmaala hab this for titration ee Delft, sunta iyo toxoids, iyo sidoo kale ay hawl-ku-daweyn. xoogga dhexdhexaadnimada ee sunta ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa unugyada caadiga ah - AE.

Waxaa intaa dheer, ay sabab u tahay dareen-celin taas go'aan ka gaari kara noocyada ama nooc ka tirsan exotoxin. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in cudurka of tetanus, diphtheria, botulism. Baadhitaanka ayaa la fulin karo "on muraayadda", iyo in gel ah.

reaction lysis (RL)

serum difaaca jirka, kaas oo uu galo jirka bukaanka, ayaa, marka laga reebo in ay shaqada ugu weyn ee difaaca dadban, xataa guryaha iyo lytic. Waa awood u kala diridda wakiilada microbial, virus xubno gacanta iyo kuwa shisheeye galaan jirka ah ee bukaanka ah. Iyada oo ku xidhan cayimayo ee unugyada ka mid ahaa ee serum go'doonsan bactericidin, cytolysins, spirohetoliziny, hemolysins oo kale.

Kuwani antibodies gaar ah waxa loo yaqaan "complement". Waxaa laga helaa ku dhowaad dhammaan dheecaannada jidhka, waxa uu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka a protein adag oo waa mid aad u xasaasi u ah kordhinta heerkulka, gariirin, acids iyo qorraxdu si toos ah. Laakiin ee gobolka qalajiyey waa inay awoodaan inay ilaaliyaan hantida ay lytic ah ilaa lix bilood.

Waxaa jira noocyo qaar ka mid ah lagu fuliyo noocan ah:

- bacteriolysis;

- hemolysis.

Bacteriolysis waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo serum dhiig bukaanka iyo serum difaaca gaar ah la jeermiska live. Haddii, ka dibna cilmi arkaa lysis ee bakteeriyada, iyo jawaabta waa la tixgelin doonaa sida tiro ku filan oo dhammaystir fiican waxa ay joogtaa dhiig.

Jawaabta fuliyo dhiig labaad waa in joojinta erythrocytes loola dhaqmo serum ka kooban hemolysins bukaanka, kuwaas oo loo firfircoonaan kaliya ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen amaan gaar ah. Haddii uu jiro mid ka mid ah, ka dibna shaybaarka daawashada kala diridda ee unugyada dhiigga cas. reaction Tani waxaa si balaadhan looga isticmaalaa in daawada casriga ah si loo ogaado baadh ee complement (ie, ay qadar yar oo iska xanaajin lysis ee unugyada dhiigga cas) ee serum dhiigga iyo wax soo saarka ee complement dayo qabanaya. Waxa ay ahayd in sidan sameeyay reaction fuliyo waraabowga - Wasserman.

qardarin complement (RSK)

reaction waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu ogaado antibodies serum bukaanka ah wakiilka faafa iyo sidoo kale in la aqoonsado abuuray ee ay qaab-dhismeedka antigenic.

Illaa markan waxaanu sharaxaad ah lagu fuliyo fudud. RAC loo arkaa falcelin adag, tan iyo markii ay la macaamilaan aan laba, laakiin saddexda soo socota: antibody ah, antigen ah iyo dhamaystir. Its nuxurka been in xaqiiqda ah in xidhiidhka ka dhexeeya ee antibody iyo antigen dhacdaa kaliya in joogitaanka borotiinada amaan kuwaas oo adsorbed dushiisa oo ka mid ah oo adag K-AT sameeyay.

Isu cudur ka dib waxaa dheer ee complement, maado si ay isbedel la taaban karo, taas oo muujinaysa tayada falcelinta. Tani waxay noqon kartaa lysis, hemolysis, joojin, bactericidal ama saamayn bacteriostatic.

reaction laftiisu ku dhacaa laba weji:

1. Aasaasidda antibody-antigen, taas oo aan muuqaal ahaan cilmi-dareemi.
2. Beddelidda antigen hoostiisa tallaabada of complement. Wajigan waxa sida caadiga ah la ogan karo in ay isha oo qaawan. Haddii jawaabta muuqaal ah ma la arki karo, ka dibna ay isticmaalaan nidaamka dheeraad ah tilmaame u ogolaanaya si loo ogaado isbedel.

nidaamka tilmaame

reaction Tani waxay ku salaysan tahay qabanaya of complement. The saacad tuubooyinka baaritaanka ka dib dejinta RSK daray erythrocytes ido la Daahiriyey iyo hemolytic serum ma ku jiraan complement. Haddii tuubada hadhay complement furan, waxa ay ku biiri doonaan adag N-AT sameeyay inta u dhexeysa unugyada dhiigga ido iyo hemolysin, oo waxaan ka dhigi ay kala diridda. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in DGC waa negative. Haddii unugyada dhiigga cas taagnaa, ka dibna, sida, falcelinta waa ay wanaagsan tahay.

hemagglutination (RHA)

Waxaa jira laba hemagglutination aasaas kala duwan. Mid ka mid ah iyaga ka mid ah - fuliyo, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu go'aamiyo nooca dhiigga. Xaaladdan oo kale erythrocytes ula falgalaan antibodies.

Oo reaction labaad ma aha ee la xiriira in fuliyo, tan iyo unugyada dhiigga cas la hemagglutinin soo saaray fayrusyada fal. Tan iyo exciter kasta u dhaqmo oo kaliya on erythrocytes gaar ah (digaag, oo ido ah, daanyeer), waxaan u qaadan karnaa reaction this si ciriiri ah oo gaar ah.

jawaabta togan ama taban oo cad, waxaa suurto gal, waayo, meesha uu unugyada dhiigga ee hoose ee tuubada. Haddii ay fahmi ekaan dallad ah rogay, ka dibna virus la doonayo waa in la joogo dhiigga qofka bukaanka ah. Oo haddii dhammaan unugyada dhiigga cas sameeyay sida tiirar qadaadiic, ma jiraan wareer ah oo aan la garaneyn.

Reaction of Iscelin hemagglutination (Hai)

Jawaabtan aadka u gaar ah, kaas oo u ogolaanaya in la dhiso qaab, nooca fayraska ama jiritaanka unugyada gaarka ah ee serum dhiigga qofka bukaanka ah.

Its nuxurka been in xaqiiqda ah in unugyada ku daray in tube ay ku jiraan waxyaabaha imtixaanka, ka hortagtaa dhigaalka ah cudur on erythrocytes, oon joojinta hemagglutination. Tani waa calaamad muujinaysa tayo oo ah joogitaanka cudur gaar ah ee dhiigga virus gaar doonayo.

immunofluorescence Reaction (RIF)

reaction wuxuu ku salaysan yahay awood u leeyahay inuu garto kaxeynayo la AT-AH microscopy dhaadheer ka dib markii formaldehyde flyuorohromnymi daaweynta. Habkani waa mid fudud in la isticmaalo, uma baahna go'doomin dhaqanka saafi ah oo waqti yar qaadataa. Waa lagama maarmaan u ah cudurka degdeg ah cudurrada faafa.

In dhaqanka, kuwaas oo lagu fuliyo kala qaybsan yihiin laba qaybood: si toos ah iyo si aan toos ahayn.

Direct RIF soo saaray antigen oo markii hore baaraandegi serum dhaadheer. Oo aan tooska ahayni waa in daroogada waxaa marka hore lagu daaweeyaa diagnosticum caadiga ah oo ka kooban unugyada antigen la doonayo, ka dibna dib u codsatay myse dhaadheer, taas oo si gaar ah u borotiinada oo ka mid ah oo adag K-AT, iyo unugyada microbial noqdaan la arki karo by microscopy.