Kiev: xoraynta magaalada ka duulay Nazi (1943)

More muhiimsan, waa maxay taariikhda November 6, 1943 - xoraynta ee Kiev. On maanta, waxaa jiray dhacdo taas oo neefta bated sugaya deggan magaaladan qadiimiga ah. Maanta, marka taariikhda dabiiciga ah waxaa qori oo si firfircoon uga fulin eegno cusub waxaa gaar ahaan muhiim ah in la ogaado runta ku saabsan dhacdooyinkii sano kuwa. Gaar ahaan, kuwa su'aasha geesinimo ee kuwii shugri badan oo dhan wuxuu ahaa xoraynta ee Kiev (1943), waa in la is xasuusiyo dambiyada Nazi.

Xitaa way adag tahay in la damacsan waxa laga yaabaa in cawaaqib joogista dheer ee magaalada ciidamada of Reich Saddexaad, marka sano oo shaqo in Babi Yar kaliya labo ayaa toogasho ku saabsan 100 kun oo qof oo rayid ah, dadka hoos 180 kun, iyo 150 kun oo deggan Soviet Ukraine ahaayeen soo diray iyaga siday doonayeen inay ka shaqeeyaan Germany.

Xaaladda hore bilowga November 1943

August 26 bilaabeen dagaalka ee Dnepr, oo daba socday mid ka mid ah hawlaha ugu caansan ee taariikhda dagaal - dagaal ee faa'iido Kursk ah. Ciidamada Soviet lahaa in uu ku qasbo overpowering caqabad biyaha, bangiga galbeed kuwaas oo galay Wehrmacht la beddelay a line daafac awood leh, loo yaqaan "East Wall". Isla mar ahaantaana Jarmalka ayaa la filayaa ciidamada Soviet bilaabaan weerar ee xilliga qaboobaha iyo gudbaan Dnieper ka dib markii barafka dhigay in ay.

Sidaas darteed of guusha weerar Ciidanka Cas qabtay bridgehead a on Dhiniciisa Midig, Dnieper ah, oo wuxuu tegey xagga woqooyi webiga iyo koonfurta Kiev. Sayidka la abuuray shuruudaha ee weerar dayrta xoog leh.

xoraynta ee Kiev ka duulay faashistihii: Diyaarinta hawlgalka

Markii hore hore First amarka Yukreeniyaan (ex Voronezh) presupposed codsan kaliya labo pin. iyaga ka mid ah Chief ahaa in lagu hirgeliyo by bridgehead ku Bukrin, oo ku yaalla 80 km koonfur ka xigta magaalada Kiev, iyo kaabayaal ah - xagga woqooyi. Iyadoo la tixraacayo qorshaha, bishii October labo jeer isku dayday in ay weerar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, labada jeer garaacid la jihada Burkinskiy ku guuldareysatay, laakiin waxay la ballaadhiyey bridgehead ah, kaas oo ahaa in aagga woqooyi ee Kiev Lyutezh. Waxa in ay ahayd in loo isticmaalo weerar kama dambaysta ah, ujeedada taas oo ahayd in ay u xoreynta ee Kiev. Isla mar ahaantaana ciidamada on Burkinskiy ku bridgehead amray in "xerin" waxaa sida ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah ciidamada Wehrmacht ah, iyo haddii ay xaaladuhu yihiin wanaagsan - in ay jebiyaan oo hore iyo bilaabaan hore u socda. gabasho ah ayaa la isticmaalay ujeedadaas. Gaar ahaan, si ay cadowga ma aragto kala iibsiga ee 3-dii ilaalada Haanta Army, Bukrin bridgehead baabuurta gaashaaman bedelay lagu daydo, oo waxay ahaayeen si uu uga dhumiyo duuliyayaasha in cadowgu ku duuli weera sahan.

Ciidamada cadowga ka hor dagaalka ee Kiev

By hore November ee Ciidanka Cas ee degaanka Kiev ayaa adeegga ku saabsan 7000 qoryaha iyo madaafiic, 700 diyaaradood oo 675 taangiyada iyo qoryaha is-gano. tiro la mid ah dagaalyahanada iyo qarax ahaayeen cadowga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tirada qoryaha iyo hubka iyo taangiyada ciidamada Cas lahaa xoogaa faa'ido. Isla mar ahaantaana si ay u daboosho magaalada ka amarka woqooyi Jarmal amartay dhismaha 3 khadadka difaaca deyr leh, joogitaanka kaas oo ahaa in ay si weyn u hor joogsan dhaqdhaqaaqa ciidamada.

xoraynta ee Kiev (1943): Wejiga koowaad ee howlgalka

Bilow weerar la siiyey subaxdii of 3 November. First, diyaarinta a madaafiic xoog badan, waxaana ku xiga dharbaaxo xagga galbeed, Goldogob Kiev waxaa lagu qabtay. Waxaa ay fuliyeen ciidamada 60aad iyo 38aad oo taageero ka ciidamada Haanta Fifth ilaalada ka Corps. Waxay ku dhuftay dagaal dhab ah hawada, taas oo hoos lagu toogtay 31 diyaaradaha cadowga, iyo dhammaan ACES Soviet sameeyey 1150 weera ah. Dagaal culus ayaa ka dhacay dhulka ku. Sidaas darteed, marka la gaaro dhamaadka maalinta ka leexatay in weerar our dhaqaaqay oo dhan hore fogaan ah 5 ilaa 12 km.

Dhacdooyinka November 4, 1943

Kyiv xoraynta la yara dib u sabab u tahay xaaladaha cimilada loo kasin. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in inta lagu jiro maalinta on November 4 Roobka drizzling. Si aad u xoojiyaan cadaadiska weerarka ciidamada Soviet dagaalkii ugu horeeyay ee la soo bandhigay ilaalada awr Corps iyo kaydka, oo ay ku jiraan Czechoslovak ku Brigade ugu horeysay galay, hoos amarka L. Svoboda. Intaa waxaa dheer, in fiidkii in weerar, taas oo sii habeenkii, ka qayb galay cutub oo Saddexaad ilaalada Haanta ciidamada, ka hadlay ifinaya in faafin argagax askarta Jarmalka ka mid ah.

November 5

aroortii hore taangiyada kale Soviet in Svyatoshino yimid oo hor istaagay waddada isku xirta Kiev in Zhitomir, oon ka gooyay group Kiev oo ka mid ah Ciidamada ka harsan ee naasiga ah. Maalinta oo dhan waxaa jiray dagaal kula qaybgalka lugta, madaafiic, diyaaradaha iyo gawaarida gaashaaman, taas oo cadowga khasaare weyn oo lagu qasbay in ay gurto.

November 6-deedii

Ugu dambeyntii, askari Soviet galay Kiev ee dambe habeenkii. xoraynta ee magaalada ka dhacay si deg deg ah halkii, sida Red Flag ayaa la sara kiciyey dul ee 00 saacadood iyo 30 daqiiqo, iyo 4 subaxnimo ee magaalada rasaas ugu dambeyntii dantay.

Isla mar ahaantaa, waxaa la qiyaasay in ciidamada Yukreeniyaan koowaad ee Front adkaaday taangiga 2, 9 kooxihii lugta iyo mid ka mid ah horyaalka heerka motoorka.

heerka ugu dambeeya ee howlgalka

Tan iyo bilowgii November amarka kooxda German ciidammadu "South" counterattack qorshaysan ee degaanka Krivoy Rog, Nikopol iyo Apostolovo, waxaa laga yaabaa in aan loo isticmaalaa in lagu qaban caasimadda ah ee Soviet Ukraine, kaydka ah, la siiyo kooxihii gaashaaman iyo kaxaynta gaadhi. xaalad Tani dag xoraynta ee Kiev ka naasiga ah, iyo inta lagu jiro 7-dii November ee ciidamada Yukreeniyaan koowaad ee Front u suurtagashay in ay sii daayo sida magaalada Fastow. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, on November 10-11, unugyada Jarmal taageeray gaaray in gargaarka ah ee Socda Ciidamada Wehrmacht, oo bilaabay inuu counter-attack halis ugu horeysay Jarmal. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, todobaad ka dib (13 November) la sii daayay Zhitomir. Weerarkii ahaa sidaas u xoog badan in qeyb ka mid ah Corps Toddobaad ciidamada Wehrmacht joogsadeen u Dumayn, kaliya oo gaarey 50 km koonfur ka Kiev. In 13-kii iyo 60-Army dhammaadka November ay gaareen line ee bari iyo xagga woqooyi ee Narovlya Korosten, Ovruch iyo Yelsk.

Sida dalka dabaal guusha

xoraynta ee Kiev ka naasiga ah (taariikh, November 6, 1943) waxaa la kulmay dadka Soviet la dareen ah oo leh farxad weyn. Munaasabaddan, ee Moscow ayaan la siiyey salaan oo ah 24 volleys. Waxay qaadatay lambarka diiwaanka qoryaha lug.

Waayo, geesinimada gaar ah iyo geesinimo leh oo dagaalka, taas oo keentay in xoraynta ee Kiev, amarada iyo biladood oo ka mid ah 17 500 oo qof ayaa loo dhigay. iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen taliyaha iyo 139 askari oo ka mid ah guutada Czechoslovak First. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo unit milatariga in, by ay banner waxaa ku lifaaqan Order ee Suvorov degree labaad. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, 65 qaybo ka mid ah Soviet iyo xeryahooda la siiyay Honor halkan Kiev. iyaga ka mid ah, ciidamada hoostiisa amarka Colonel General K. Moskalenko, Lieutenant-General Ivan Chernyakhovsky, P. Rybalko, S. Krasovsky iyo Major General P. Korol'kova.

natiijooyinka

Kiev Liberation (Date: November 6, 1943) waxay ahayd muhiimadda istiraatiiji ah in xaaladda ka jirta Lugbuur War Patriotic Great. Inta uu hawlgalka socday, ciidamada Midowga Soofiyeeti adkaaday sagaalkii lugta ah, mid ka mid ah baabuurta iyo laba kooxihii gaashaaman ee Wehrmacht ku soo duulay oo la dilo 600 taangiyada, 1200 qoryaha iyo hoobiyeyaal, iyo sidoo kale 90 diyaaradaha. bridgehead muhiim ah oo ay weheliyaan bangiyada oo ka mid ah Dnieper 230 km dheer iyo ilaa 145 km si qoto dheer, taas oo markii danbe door muhiim ah oo dagaalka ee xoraynta oo ka mid ah Xuquuqda-Bank Ukraine waxaa la abuuray. Intaa waxaa dheer, amarka Soviet awooday in uu carqaladeeyo Guud Jarmal ayaa diyaar u ah counterattack degaanka Kirovograd ah.

Taangiyo iyo

Taliyayaasha Soviet, qorshaysan oo ay fuliyeen hawlgalka, taas oo keentay in xoraynta ee Kiev, ayaa la dhigay qaar ka mid ah khaladaadka. Gaar ahaan, sida qaybaha horumarinta ee Ciidanka Cas ku guuldareystay inuu baabbi'iyo ciidamada ugu weyn ee cadowga ka dib markii November 15, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay counter-attack, iyo ilaa 22 December ciidamada ku fashilantay in ay gaaraan horumar la taaban karo in waaxdan.

khasaare

Tirada dadkii ku dhintay labada dhinacyada dagaalamaya ay gaareen dhowr kun oo. Gaar ahaan, tirooyinka soo socda waxaa la siiyaa taariikheeya Soviet si uu u sharaxo khasaaraha Army Red: 6491 qof oo ku dhintay, 24 078 - dhaawacmeen. Sida for ciidamada Wehrmacht ah, ee 389 askari ayaa ku dhintay waxaana ku dhaawacmay 3018.

Response in saxaafadda

xoraynta ee Kiev iyo guulaha ciidamada Soviet in Right-Bank Ukraine sababa resonance ballaaran. Gaar ahaan duwanyihiin ahaayeen articles ee English iyo saxaafadda American, taas arkaa dhacdadan sida guuldarada weyn ee Reich Saddexaad. Tusaale ahaan, warbixinta ee caanka ah Radio London ayaa la sheegay in markii ciidamada Wehrmacht jiraa Kiev, Jarmalka faantay in aan fog guuldaradii guud ee Ciidanka Cas oo dhan koonfur-bari, iyo ka dib u xoreynta ee caasimada Ukraine ayaa durbaba waxaa Germany laftiisa bilaabay inuu maqlo dhawaqa ee dawan aaska.

Hadda oo aad ogtahay sida uu ahaa xoraynta ee Kiev, sidoo kale waxa ay ahaayeen khasaaraha ka mid ah dhinacyada dagaalamaya, iyo natiijooyinka hawlgalka this ayaa saamayn koorsada dheeraad ah Patriotic War Weyn.