Kala duwan oo inta jeer ee Radio iyo Television

Joogtaynta Range - muddo, kaas oo si weyn loo isticmaalaa in koorsada ee maadooyinka farsamada jirka, gaar ahaan in korantada. Under fikrad this waxaa la fahamsan yahay sida kala duwan qalliinka qalab iyo adeeg radio loogu talagalay warbaahinta gaar kala duwan oo soo noqnoqoshada. Oo waxaan ka hadli karaa burburka ee kala duwan oo soo noq raadiyaha oo dhan.

Xeerarka Caalamiga adag nidaaminaya isticmaalka hababka warbaahinta raadiyaha kala duwan (oo ay ku jiraan satellite), kala duwan oo si wanaagsan u qeexan. Tan waxaa loo Yeedhiyaa by baahida loo qabo in la hubiyo interoperability nidaamyo kala duwan oo camal fiican in la baabi'iyo faragelin.

Sida laga soo xigtay Regulations Radio ka, aagga dhulka u qaybsan yahay saddex degmo oo waaweyn. marka hore waxaa ka mid ah Europe, CIS, Russia, Mongolia iyo Africa. Shirka labaad ee - soohdinta reer America (labada Waqooyiga iyo Koonfurta). Saddexaad - South iyo South-East Asia, Australia, gobolka Pacific. In meel kasta - oo ay qaybinta guutooyin inta jeer radio.

Waayo, hawlgalka xeerka isgaarsiinta satellite bixisaa guutooyin inta jeer summadaha: L, S, C, X, Ku, Ka, K u dhaxeysa 1452 MHz si 86,0 GHz. Inta badan nidaamyada satellite ka hawlgala guutooyin C iyo Ku. Range Ka firfircoon uga horumarsan ee Europe iyo America, laakiin ee dalkeenna waxaa si balaadhan looma isticmaalo.

oolnimada anteeno ayaa ku xiran yahay tirada wavelengths ku haboon dhexroorka of antenna ah. Iyada oo inta jeer ee sii kordhaya, Milanello waxaa hoos u dhacay (qiimayaashan dhigmayn yihiin saami) iyo antenna badan looma baahna si ay u helaan mawjadaha sare. Tan iyo markii ay kala duwan inta jeer ee la helay by size antenna of 2.5-4.5 mitir ah, iyo helaya doonayo band ruxruxo K size antenna ah -. Kaliya 10-15 cm Iyadoo anteenooyinkooda size isla hawlgala kala duwan ee sare, waxay leeyihiin faa'iido sare.

In kasta oo saldhig gudbiye baahinta kale oo ay leedahay kala duwan oo inta jeer ay. Waxaa jira kala soocidda ah hirarka raadiyaha ku kala duwan iyo Milanello. Sida laga soo xigtay la ruxruxo waa:

- Dekametricheskie la Milanello amarka of 10 000-100 000 oo kiiloomitir, kuwaas oo ay mawjadaha waxaa loo kala saaraa aad u hooseeya (3 - 30 Hz).

- Megametricheskie (Milanello - 000 kiiloomitir 1000-10), kala duwan oo soo noqnoqoshada - 300 Hz.

- Gektokilometrovye (la dherer ah 100-1,000 kilometers) ku saabsan inta jeer ultralow (3000 Hz).

- dheeraad dheer (dhererka - 10-100 kilometers) - aad u yar (ilaa 30 Khz).

- dhererka (cimri dheer 1-10 kiiloomitir) - low (ilaa 300 Khz).

- Celceliska (dhererka 100-1000 meters) - mids in 3000 Khz.

- gaaban, isagoo dherer ah 10-100 mitir - waa waxa loogu yeero .. hirka sare (frequency 30 MHz).

- Ultrashort ama meter (dhererka 1-10 mitir), mid aad u sarreeya (ilaa 300 MHz).

- decimeter (dhererka 10-100 cm) iyo aalladda sare, ilaa 3000 MHz.

- centimitir (1-10 sentimitir dhererka), super-sare (ilaa 30 GHz).

- millimeter (dhererka 1-10 mm), mid aad u sarreeya (ilaa 300 GHz).

300-3000 kala duwan oo soo noq GHz loola jeedaa t n.. hyper-sare kala duwan oo soo noqnoqoshada.

In marxaladaha hore ee horumarka ah ee hirarka raadiyaha loo isticmaalo inta badan dheer iyo super-dheer kala duwan. Laakiin waxay ku faafo badan dusha dhulka ee, waxaa si xoog leh u nuugo, looga baahan yahay laliska awood badan. soo dhaweynta deggan waxaa lagu fuliyaa on ruxruxo dhexdhexaad ah, laakiin iyaga waa ay adag tahay si loo hubiyo in masaafada u gudbinta, iyo isticmaalaa this kala duwan, inta badan idaacadaha maxalliga ah la gacan ka mid ah dhawr boqol oo kiilomitir.

Mowjad siiyaan macluumaad kala duwan ka weyn, laakiin waxaa waajib ah in qaylada iyo signal dhalanrog. Waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in hawada iyo navigation badda iyo ku xirnaanta laymanka ugu weyn.

Faa'iidada ugu weyn ee ay safafka ee hirka sare - suurtagalnimada in la isticmaalo kuwaas oo antenna cabbir ayaa u dhigma Milanello, shucaaca waa wax ku ool ah oo keliya ka yar xaalad this. Dhismaha nidaamka isgaarsiinta long-distance ku salaysan faafinta ee hirarka hortiisa, waxaa suurto iyadoo la isticmaalayo macmal satalayt dhulka.