Kiat In XIX B.

boqorada Faith Manchu in howlgalka weyn providential Boqortooyada Dhexe, ama Shiinaha, ayaa waxaa ku salaysan ka soo jeedo "cosmogonic" ee gobolka Shiinaha, halkaas oo dhan ku wareegsan Shiinaha, oo ka fog dalka kaliya qayb ka mid ah, xuubka ama sii Shiinaha eegeyn in ay ka war run ah ama aan. waajib Sare sharaf Chinese - caddeeyo in "barbariyiintiina".

Boqorada ee Beijing marnaba uuraystaan Shiinaha oo qayb ka ah adduunka weyn. On lid ku ah, dunida oo dhan loo arko kaliya sidii hal ama "siyaada" kale Kingdom Dhexe, E. Iyada oo qayb ka mid ah tusaale ahaan. "Nidaamka dunida Chinese," bii'adda dibedda "dhexe ee caalamka", xorroyad ay utility. Dhulgoosadka Shiinaha dhex taliyayaashii ay marnaba isaga qudhiisa qiyaasi ee qoyska ka mid ah dalalka loo siman yahay madax. Kiat qarnigii XIX ku ....

Tan iyo markii Empire Qing ma noqon karaan wax lamida Qaarkood oo dhan dalal kale oo markii hore jiri karaan oo kaliya sida addoommo iyo xadad la xiriira. Kuwani "barbariyiintiina" filayo loo baahan yahay in xabsiga Chinese iyo "xigsiin" ee anshaxa Confucian ,, qeexaya xiriirka ka dhexeeya "ka weyn" iyo "ka yar" Mabda 'Confucian ah "dhawrsashada filial" sidaas wareejiyo galay gudbikaraa oo ka mid ah xiriirka caalamiga ah, iyo xiriirka ee Emperor la taliyayaashii dalalka kale in la si gaar ah dhisay mawqifkiisa kula Sinocentrism loo eegin ama aan a addoon u gaar ah oo duleedka hoose soohdinta si Shiinaha ama fog, ayaa hore u sheegay in ay addeecidda ama haddii kale aan xitaa loo yaqaan Chinese Boqorada.

Madyan Empire la filayay ee xarunta kaliya ee dhaqanka, hareereysan a qabiil "duurjoogta ah". In la xidhiidha "inferiority" doonana, by Samo falku inaad ah howlgalka gaar providential, iyo cosmogony Boqortooyada Dhexe waxaa loo Xaamid loogu tala galay in samada inuu u taliyo ee "barbariyiintiina," inuu iyaga geeyo gudbinta la "xaq moral" u cadaabo.

Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in "dalalka barbariyiintii" mid uun ku saaran - si xurmayn ee xukunka Emperor Chinese ah ee dunida inteeda kale iyo ansaxinta tartiib ah anshaxa Confucian. "Iyo Barbariyiinta" waxay ahaayeen sida la sheegay si "hoos" Boqortooyada Dhexe in gooyo aan iyaga la dagaallami karin sida uyeelaysaan, laakiin kaliya inuu ku cadaabo sida maadooyinka, "illowdeen mabda'a dhawrsashada filial." Imaanshiyaha safaaradaha ay ku Beijing waxaa loo tixgeliyaa sida gudbi si muujinta, jecel yihiin "in ay ku biiraan ilbaxnimada" iyo in la aqoonsado ay xaaladda sida addoommo ah. priehavshimpravitelyam investiture bandhigid loo tixgeliyaa "naxariisan" iyo "naxariis" gooyo u "barbariyiintiina".

Kiat qarnigii XIX ah.