Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Nicholas 2. Nicholas II: Biography, siyaasadda

2 Nikolai Alexandrovich (May 6, 1868 - July 17, 1918) - gooyo la soo dhaafay Ruush, kaas oo xukumi jiray ka 1894 si ay u 1917, ahaa curadkii Alexander 3, iyo Maria Feodorovna, wuxuu ahaa xubin sharafeed ee St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In epithet dhaqan historiographical ee Soviet lagu siiyey inay isaga "dhiig." Life 2 Nicholas oo boqornimadiisa ayaa la tilmaamay in this article.

boqornimadii kooban oo ka mid ah Nicholas 2

Inta lagu jiro boqornimadii of Nicholas 2 ahaa horumarinta dhaqaalaha firfircoon ee Russia. At dalka isla madax u waayay dagaalka Ruush-Japanese ee 1904-1905., Taasoo ahayd mid ka mid ah sababaha ka mid ah dhacdooyinka kacaan ee 1905-1907., Gaar ahaan ansaxinta Bayaanka ee October 17, 1905, sida uu sheegay taas oo loo ogolaaday inuu abuurista xisbiyo siyaasadeed oo kala duwan, iyo sidoo kale sameeyay State Duma. On manifesto isla la bilaabay beerolay dibuhabaynta Stolypin. In 1907, Russia noqday xubin ka mid ah Entente iyo qaab-dhismeedka waxaa ku lug lahaa dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Bishii Agoosto 1915, Nicholas Romanov 2 noqonayaa taliyaha ugu sarreeya. Inta lagu jiro Kacaanka February ee March 2, 1917 gooyo casishay. Isaga iyo qoyskiisa oo dhan la toogtay. Ruush Church Orthodox iyaga canonized 2000.

Childhood, sanadaha hore

Marka Nikolai Alexandrovich ahaa 8 sano jir, waxa uuna waxbarashadiisa guriga bilaabay. Barnaamijka ayaa waxaa ka mid ah koorsooyinka waxbarashada guud waarta siddeed sannadood. Ka dibna - koorso of Higher Sciences muddo shan sano ah. The salaysan barnaamijka jiifay dugsiga classical. Laakiin halkii Giriigga iyo Latin mustaqbalka boqorkii addoonsada cilmi barasho dhir, mineralogy, anatomy, cilmi barasho xayawaan iyo jirka. koorsooyinka Advanced ahaayeen suugaanta Ruush, taariikhda iyo afafka qalaad. Intaa waxaa dheer, barnaamijka waxbarashada sare waxaa ka mid ahaa daraasadda sharciga, dhaqaalaha iyo arrimaha ciidamada (siyaasadaha, sharciga, adeega Shaqaalaha Guud, juqraafiga). Nikolai 2 ayaa sidoo kale ku hawlan dayrka, vaulting, music, rinjiyeynta. 3 Alexander iyo xaaskiisa Maria Fedorovna isu doortay waayo, boqorkii mustaqbalka ee lataliye iyo macalimiinta. iyaga ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen saraakiil military iyo dowladda, saynisyahano: N. H. Bunge, K. P. Pobedonostsev, NN Obruchev, MI Dragomirov, N. K. Girs, AR Drenteln.

xirfadiisa Hore

Tan iyo carruurnimada, mustaqbalka Emperor Nicholas 2 uu xiiseynayo arrimaha ciidamada, wuxuu si fiican u yiqiin xeerar military ka mid ah saraakiil iyo askar iyo caadooyinka ma fogaado isu ogaaday ay sokoeye iyo mentor, fudud si ay u fuliyaan si ay waddo xerada iyo khidmadaha carqalad nolosha ciidanka.

Isla markiiba dhalashada ka dib, Qaranimo mustaqbalka diiwaan geliyey dhowr ah regiments ilaalada, oo wuxuu ka dhigay taliyaha 65aad lugta Ciidankii ee Moscow. At da'da shan sano, Nicholas 2 (taariikhda guddiga -. 1894-1917 sano) ayaa loo magacaabay taliyaha Reserve ilaalada Life ah Ciidankii, iyo ka dib, in 1875, Ciidankii Erivan ah. The darajo horeysay military (Sarreeye), gooyo mustaqbalka ahaa ee December 1875, iyo 1880 oo uu ku sameeyey Sarreeye labaad, iyo afar sano ka dib - si Sarreeye.

Waayo, adeeg ciidan firfircoon, Nikolai 2 gaaray 1884, iyo tan iyo July 1887 isna wuxuu u adeegay in ka guutada Preobrazhensky oo gaaray darajo kabtanka. Wuxuu captain u noqday in 1891, oo sannad ka dib - kornayl.

Bilowgii boqornimadii

ka dib xanuun muddo dheer uu ku dhintay, Alexander 1, 2 iyo Nicholas isla maalintaas la helay guddiga ee Moscow ee 26 jir, October 20, 1894.

Intii uu xaflada dabaaldega rasmi ah May 18, 1896 waxaa jiray horumar weyn ee beerta Khodynka ah. Rabshado ka dhacay isriixidda a lama filaan ah ku dhinteen kumanaan dad ah ay ku dhaawacmeen.

Khodynka aan la loogu talagalay xafladaha dadweynaha, sida uu yahay tababarka ciidamada ah, oo sidaasuu neblagoustroeno ahaa. Xuquuqda soo socota si ay beerta buu ku jiray dibicyo leh, iyo isu qariyeen godad badan. Oo ku beegnaa xaflad oo ka mid ah kuwa yaamayska ku iyo kanaal daboolay loox oo waxay qariyeen ciid, iyo saaray on wareega dukaamo, waabab, oo xero oo ka dhaafo ama vodka iyo waxyaabaha free. Markii ay dadka soo jiitay by wararka xanta ah ee ku saabsan qaybinta lacag iyo hadiyado, waxaan loola cararay dhismooyinka burburay tu, oo daboolaya yaamayska, oo dadkii ku soo dhacday, oo aan haysan in ay kor u istaagaan: Horay waxay ka carareen dadkii badnaa. Booliska ayaa, xaaqay by ruxruxo ahaan, wax ma uu samayn karin. Kaliya ka dib markii xoojiyo yimid, dadkii badnaa si tartiib ah kala firdhay, ka tago goobta jidhka Careeyey iyo tuntay dadka.

The sano ee ugu horreysa oo boqornimadii

In sannadaha hore ee boqortooyada Nicholas 2 tirakoobka guud ee dadka iyo dibuhabaynta lacagta lagu qaaday. Russia inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Boqortooyada waxay noqotay dawlad beerolay-warshadaha, in la dhiso waddooyinka tareennada, magaalooyinka koray, waxaa jiray shirkadaha warshadaha. Emperor ayaa qaatay go'aano loogu talagalay casriyeynta bulsho iyo dhaqaale ee Russia: lacagta Ruble dahab la soo saarin, sharciyada dhowr ah oo ku saabsan caymiska shaqaalaha, fuliyay dibuhabaynta beerolay Stolypin, sharciyada on dulqaad diinta iyo waxbarashada aasaasiga ah universal.

dhacdooyinka waawayn

Inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Nicholas 2 ayaa calaamadeeyay by xaalad xumeyd xoog leh nolosha siyaasadeed ee Russia, iyo sidoo kale xaaladda siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda adag ah (dhacdooyinka dagaalka Ruush-Japanese ee 1904-1905, 1905-1907 kacaankii dalkeena, ee dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, iyo in 1917 - February Revolution) .

Ruush Japanese-dagaalkii, oo waxay bilaabeen in 1904, inkasta oo aan khasaare weyn dalka, laakiin si weyn u ruxayso awoodda madax ah. dhacyo badan iyo khasaare ee Battle of Tsushima ee 1905 ka dib markii uu dhamaaday guuldarro burburiyo of raxan Ruushka.

Revolution ee 1905-1907.

January 9, 1905 kacaanka ka qarxay, taariikhda la yidhaahdo dhiig Sunday. Ciidamada dowladda ayaa toogasho ku hadlay tusidda shaqaalaha, abaabulan, sida la rumeysan yahay caadi, Georgiem Gaponom, wadaad xabsiga transit ee St. Petersburg ah. Sidaas darteed of toogasho ah ku dileen in ka badan kun banaanbax ka qayb qaatay March nabad ah si Palace Winter ah in ay soo gudbiyaan codsi u ashtakooday boqorka ku saabsan baahida shaqaalaha.

Ka dib markii in, kacdoonkii fiday magaalooyin kale oo badan Ruush. falalka hubaysan ahaayeen in ciidamada badda iyo ciidanka. Sidaas daraaddeed, June 14, 1905 badmaax oo qabtay markab dagaal ah "Potemkin", ayuu waxaa la keenay Odessa, halkaas oo wakhtigaas ahaa weerarka guud. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ayaa baxriyiintii kuma ay dhicin inay xeebta tagaan si ay u taageeraan shaqaalaha. "Potemkin" u tageen inay Romania iyo dhiibay maamulka. qaab tiro leh boqorka qasbay inuu la soo wareego Maanafesto ee 17 October 1905 sanadka kii siiyey dadka degan xuquuqda madaniga ah.

Ma aha in ay reformer ah ay dabiicadda, boqorka ayaa lagu qasbay inuu hirgalinta habaynta in aanay la socon ta waxay aaminsan yihiin in ay. Waxa uu rumeysan yahay in waqtiga aan bislaadaan xoriyadda hadalka ee Russia, dastuurka, xilldhibaan. Laakiin Nicholas 2 (photos of kaas oo la soo bandhigay maqaal ah) ayaa lagu qasbay inay la soo wareegto Maanafesto ee October 17, 1905, waxa uu bilaabay firfircoon sida dhaqdhaqaaqa bulshada isbedelka siyaasadeed.

Dhismaha Duma Gobolka

boqorku wuxuu ku manifesto ee 1906, Duma State waxay ku sii dhisnaatay. In taariikhda Russia, boqor ugu horeysay bilaabay inuu u taliyo in joogitaanka wakiilka ah ee jirka loo doortay dadweynaha. Taasi waa, Russia waxaa si tartiib noqoto boqortooyo distuuri ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo ay isbedel kuwan, Emperor inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Nicholas 2 weli lahaa awoodaha weyn, oo isna wuxuu la daabacay ee foomka of sharciyada amar, oo magacaabay wasiirrada iyo ra'iisul-wasaaraha, lala xisaabtami karo oo kaliya isaga, wuxuu ahaa madaxa maxkamadda, iyo ciidanka iyo Kaniisadda kiisii Sokeeye, qeexay siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Dabcan ee dalkeena.

kacaanka hore ee 1905-1907 tusay dhibaatooyin ah oo qoto dheer in jirey waagaas ee gobolka Ruush.

Nicholas 2 Personality

Laga soo bilaabo barta of view of saffarro, uu qofku shakhsiyadiisu, ugu weyn sifooyin qof, liito iyo waxay ahaayeen halkii qiyaasi karin iyo sababa mararka qaar lagu muransan yahay. Sida laga soo xigtay qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah, Nicholas 2 gartaa sifooyinka muhiimka ah sida daciifnimo ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jira cadaymo ku filan in Emperor ku dadaalaya inay hirgeliyaan fikradahooda iyo dadaallada, mararka qaarkood gaaban ka hor caasinimada (hal mar oo keliya, ee saxiixa Maanafesto ee October 17, 1905, ayuu waxaa lagu qasbay in ay soo gudbiyaan in ee kale Doono).

Marka la barbardhigo aabbihiis, Alexander 3, Nicholas 2 (sawir isaga ah, eeg hoos) Maanaan Abuurin aragti ah ee shakhsiyadda xoog leh. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida laga soo xigtay in ay xirto saaxiibbo u leh dadka uu lahaa degenaan gaar ah, oo mararka qaar lagu micneeyey sida warheynta in qaddar ee dadka iyo dalalka (tusaale ahaan, la lahow, soo jiita deegaanka bannaan, oo uu kula kulmay news ee dayrta ee Port Arthur iyo guuldaradii ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka ee World koowaad dagaalka).

Ku hawlan arrimaha guud ee dadweynaha, Tsar Nicholas 2 tusay "dadaalkaas aan caadi ahayn", iyo sidoo kale daryeelka iyo saxnimada (si uu waligood xoghayaha shakhsi, iyo dhammaan print ku xarfaha, isagu wuxuu gacanta u gaar yeellay). Inkastoo guud ahaan maamulka awood badan weli waa a "Kanu waa warka culus culus" isaga. Sida laga soo xigtay saffarro, saarkii Nicholas lahaa 2 xasuusta tenacious, daawashada iyo xidhiidhka ahaa saaxiibtinimo, suubban iyo nin xasaasi ah. Inta uu qiimeeyo halka caadooyinka ay, nabad, caafimaad, iyo gaar ahaan daryeelka reerkiisii oo dhan.

2 Nicholas iyo qoyskiisa

Taageero qoyskiisa u adeegeen gooyo. Alexandra ahaa naagtiisa ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale la taliye, saaxiib isaga. Arooska lagu qabtay November 14, 1894. Danta, fikradaha iyo caadooyinka ee isqaba inta badan ma beeganto, inta badan ay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha dhaqanka, maxaa yeelay, Empress ah amiirad ku ahayd Sidee Jarmal. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma ka hortagi heshiiska qoyska. Lamaanahan ayaa lahaa shan carruur ah: Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Daahir Riyaale iyo Alexei.

riwaayadaha boqornimada qoyska waxaa sabab u ahaa cudurka Alexei, kuwaas oo ka hemophilia (dhiig incoagulability) soo gaaray. Waa cudur tani waa sababta boqorka gurigiisa Grigoriya Rasputina, waxay caan ku tahay hadiyadda caafimaad iyo aragtida. Waxa uu inta badan ka caawiyay Alexei si ay ula qabsadaan joog- xanuun.

Dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka

1914 wuxuu ahaa hal dhibic ka jeestay in qaddar ee Nicholas 2. Taasi waa marka dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka. Emperor Ma Uusan Dooneynin dagaalkan, isku dayayaan ilaa daqiiqada ugu danbaysa in ay ka fogaadaan gumaadka. Laakiin on July 19 (August 1) 1914 Germany wali ay go'aansadeen in ay si dagaal kula Russia tagaan.

Bishii August ee 1915, oo ay isku xigta a of-darrooyin milliteri oo calaamadsan, Nicholas 2, sheekada Guddiga taas oo mar hore ku dhow inay finalka, wuxuu qiyaasayey doorka taliyaha guud ee ciidamada dalka Ruushka. Waxay markii ugu horaysay loo qoondeeyey Duke Nicholas (yar). Tan iyo markaas suaalo kaliya mararka qaarkood booqday magaalada inta badan maku markii ugu heerka sarreeya Mogilev in Chief.

Dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka xoogeeyey dhibaatooyinka gudaha ee Russia. The lesions mujrim ugu muhiimsan iyo ololaha muddada dheer loo arkay boqorkii iyo wefdigiisa. view waxay ahayd in "nestles khiyaamo qaran" in dowladda Ruush. amarka military ee dalka madax ka gooyo bilowga ah ee 1917 abuuray qorshe weerar guud on kaas oo xagaagii 1917 waxaa la qorsheeyay in la soo afjaro iska hor imaad ah.

Renunciation Nicholas 2

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la gaaro dhamaadka February ee sanadkan, rabshooyin ka qarxay Petrograd, taas oo, ay sabab u tahay maqnaanshaha mucaaradka xoogan oo maamulka, ayaa koray dhowr maalmood bannaanbaxyo siyaasadeed mass ka dhanka ah boqorkii reer guri ammaan iyo dawladda. Nikolai First 2 qorsheeyay xoog si loo gaaro si caasimadda, laakiin, markaan ogaaday baaxadda dhabta ah ee dibad-ka, qorshahan bixiyey, ka cabsada dhiig dheeraad ah in taasi keeni kartaa. Qaar ka mid ah saraakiisha sar sare, siyaasiyiinta iyo xubnaha ambabaxay Qaranimo ee ku adkaysay in si loo xakameeyo xasillooni isbeddelka loo baahan yahay ee Dowladda, ka gaabin ee Nicholas 2 ka yimid carshiga xaggiisa.

Ka dib markii shakhi daran March 2, 1917 in Pskov, inta lagu guda jiro safarka tareenka Imperial, Nicholas 2 go'aansaday inuu ku biiro falka ee ka gaabin ka yimid carshiga xaggiisa, in Guddiga, walaalkiis, Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu diiday inuu aqbalo taajkii. Renunciation Nicholas 2 sidaas loogu tala galay dhamaadka qoyskii.

bilood ee la soo dhaafay nolosha

2 Nicholas iyo qoyskiisa ayaa lagu qabtay on March 9 ee isla sannadkaas. shantii bilood ee ugu horeysay ay ku jireen Tsarskoye Selo, hoos ilaalinta, iyo in August 1917 ay u soo diray inuu Tobolsk. Markaas, ee April 1918, Bolsheviks guuray Nicholas iyo qoyskiisa in Ekaterinburg. Halkan, Habeenka July 17, 1918, bartamaha magaalada, in qaybta hoose ee guriga Ipatiev ah, halkaas oo ay maxaabiista ku jirtay xabsiga, Emperor Nicholas 2, shan carruur ah oo uu, xaaskiisa iyo saaxiibada qaar ka mid ah dhow boqorka, oo ay ku jiraan dhakhtarka qoyska Botkin iyo addoommadii, lacag la'aan ama maxkamad ayaa la toogtay. Kow iyo toban qof ayaa ku dhintay.

In 2000, by go'aanka ka mid ah Church 2 Nikolay Romanov iyo qoyskiisa ayaa waxaa canonized, oo meeshii guriga Ipatiev ee la dhisay kaniisad Orthodox.