Hokkaido Island, Japan: description, faahfaahin, xaqiiqada oo xiiso leh iyo dib u eegis

Japan - dal taas oo ah mid ka mid ah ugu jecel yahay ka mid ah dad badan. dabeecadda Quruxda Japan, taariikhda hodanka ah u gaar ah iyo dhaqanka gaar ah u soo jiitaan dad badan oo dhan ka dhulka.

muuqaalada goobta hoos dhulka geeska juquraafi tilmaamay waa in ay tahay labada ugu bari iyo jasiiradda waqooyi ee jasiiradaha Japan.

Japan Hokkaido

Waa jasiirada labaad ee ugu weyn ee Japan. waqooyi ee ay dhibic xad-dhaaf ah, iyo sidoo kale Japan oo dhan - Cape Soya, iyo easternmost ah - cape nosappu-Salem.

The jasiiradda dhow deriska la ah - Honshu, kala Strait Tsugaru ah. Biyihii Badda Okhotsk ku maydhaa ay xeebta waqooyiga, Badda ee Japan - Western, iyo Badweynta Pacific - bari.

Honshu - jasiiradda of Hokkaido weyn. Markii hore, wuxuu ahaa loo yaqaan Hondo iyo Nippon. Waxay ka dhigan tahay 60% ka mid ah aagga dalka oo dhan. Laakiin Hokkaido, mid ka mid ah 4 jasiiradaha ugu weyn ee Japan, nooca ugu fiican sii raagayaan primeval. About 10% dhulkeeda waxaa kujira seerayaasha qaranka (20 wadar ahaan). Sidaa darteed, waa xarunta of ecotourism Hokkaido.

territory ee jasiiradda Hokkaido leeyahay meel tirada guud ee ka badan 83.453 km2.
Waxaa deggan 5.507.456 dadka (sida ay sheegtay tirakoobka ee 2010).

Taariikh kooban ee jasiiradda of Hokkaido

U soo guurista deegaanka Hokkaido ku saabsan 20 kun bilaabay. Years ka hor. Oo waagaas Ainu halkan ku noolaa - mid ka mid ah dadyowga ugu qadiimiga ah oo ka mid ah jasiiradaha Japan. Taariikhda horumarka jasiiradda Japan weli xajisto kala duwan weyn ee xujooyinka. The tixraaca ugu horeysay lagu yaqaan in ay cilmi-saynisyahano in maalmood our, waxaa lagu sameeyey on bogagga "Hong Shoki" - taallo qoran Japanese, shukaansi ka BC qarnigii siddeedaad

Waxa jira aragtiyo si caddaalad ah wax caadi ah in Vatarishima jasiiradda (isaga iyo tilmaaman qoraal taxane-taariikheed oo ku saabsan) waa Hokkaido, kaas oo si la odhan jiray oo kaliya in 1869.

Islanders The (Ainu) ayaa ku hawlan ee kalluumaysiga waqtiga iyo ugaadhsiga, oo hadda jira ee xiriirka ganacsi waqti la jasiiradaha deriska ah, wuxuu iyagii siiyey fursad ay isku siiyaan bariiska iyo bir.

The nolosha xasilloon oo nabad ah ay ku dhamaatay qarniyo XIV-XV, marka Japan ah si tartiib tartiib ah bilaabay si ay u degaan ee Jasiiradda deriska Oshima (ka Hokkaido koonfur-galbeed). Waxaa la Colnimo qaaday Ainu, taasoo keentay in talaabo military ee ku dhamaatay 1475, markuu dhihi kooda ayaa lagu dilay.

Inta lagu guda jiro talinaysay boqornimadii of Prince Matsumae, dhulka waxay ku yaalaan inta badan ku saabsan. Oshima, jasiiradda Hokkaido si tartiib tartiib ah u noqday qayb ka mid ah hantidoodii. Mar labaad, tan iyo jasiiradda qarxay dheer-taagan halgan u dhexeeya barbariyiintiina hoose iyo Japan. Ainu caasiyoobeen ilaa qeybtii 2-aad ee qarnigii 18aad, laakiin ma natiijada falalka kuwaas oo aan la keenay. Japanese si kalsooni leh u qabtay jasiiradda muhiim ah in ay gacmahooda, ayaa in ka badan sidaas oo dhan marka weli waxaa jiray fursad of weerar Ruush xagga galbeed.

In 1868-1869 GG. Hokkaido Ezo waxaa jiray Jamhuuriyad xor ah, taas oo ay ka dib u dhaqaaqin kun jasiiradda dagaalka, ka dib markii la doortay doorashada koowaad ee madaxa Japanese Jamhuuriyadda naadiyey - E. Admiral Takeaki.

gooyo uma oggolaanin go'amada sida in dhulkooda, iyo bishii March 1869 ee Jamhuuriyadda Ezo la tirtiray, iyo hogaamiyaha lagu xukumay.

jeer ku adag tahay jasiiradda ahayd 1945, markii dhulkeeda ahaa qaraxii daran. Sidaas darteed, si xun u dhaawacay magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyin badan.

Relief miino macdanta

jasiiradda Hokkaido inta badan waa dhul buuraley ah. In ka badan nus ka mid ah dhulka ayaa waxaa kujira buuraha, inta kale waa la daboolay by bannaanka. tiixtiix Mountain (Hidaka, Tokachi et al.), ifafaalaha in submeridional jihada. Dhibcood ee ugu sareeya ee Hokkaido - Mount maggalada (sare 2290 mitir). jasiiradda 8 waa marno, Gudaheedana waxaa ka hawlgala. Inta badan, halkan, sida in Japan, dhulgariir dhacaan.

Miino jasiiradda of dhuxusha adag, iron ore iyo baaruud.

Cities iyo Halabuurka qowmiyadaha dadweynaha

Hokkaido (Prefecture) maamul u qaybsan 14-prefectures sub.
magaalada jasiiradda ee - Sapporo, iyadoo dadka ka mid ah 1.915.542 dadka (sida ay 2010 tirakoobka ee sanadka).

Sapporo - magaalada ugu weyn Hokkaido. Laga soo bilaabo jasiiradaha Kuril kala Straits uu qish iyo Kunashir.

magaalooyinka waaweyn ee jasiiradda - Muroran, Tomakomai, Otaru. Halabuurka The qowmiyadaha waa mid fudud ilaa xad: Japanese - 98.5% wadarta guud ee dadweynaha, Korea - 0.5%, Chinese - 0.4% iyo qowmiyadaha kale (oo ay ku jiraan Ainus) - oo kaliya 0.6%.

Wabiyada iyo harooyinka

The jasiiradda webiga ugu weyn - Ishikari (dhererka 265 km) oo Tokachi (dhererka 156 km).
gudubno ugu weyn - Sikotsu, Toya iyo Kuttyaro (bohol) iyo Sar (asal haro badda). Waxaa jira xaddi weyn oo Hokkaido iyo harooyinka yar Kobenhagen in lagu quudiyo by ilaha biyaha oo kulul macdanta.

cimilada

Hokkaido leeyahay jawi ka yara duwan ka badan qaybaha kale ee Japan. Halkan, heerkulka sanadlaha celcelis ahaan waa uun +8 ° C. Sababo la dhawaanshaha si Badweynta Pacific ee goobahaasi sanadka waa celcelis ahaan 17 maalmood oo kaliya ka buuxa qorax. Laakiin xilliyada xagaaga waxaa jira ku dhawaad 149-roobaadka, iyo jiilaalka - oo ku saabsan 123 maalmood baraf.

Oo weliba, sida ay Japan cimilada heerarka xagaaga jasiiradda of Hokkaido, muddo gab, iyo jiilaalka - daran ka badan gobollada kale ee dalka.

Haa, iyo fikirka ah "woqooyi" in Hokkaido waa wax qaraabo. Tusaale ahaan, magaalada Wakkanai, oo ku yaalla waqooyiga xad-dhaaf ah ee jasiiradda, oo ku yaalla koonfurta magaalada Paris. Guud ahaan, jasiiradda this ee Japan waxaa loo arkaa "adag North."

Dhirta iyo ugaarta

Inta badan daaqsinka ee Hokkaido waa kaymaha dhilka (berooshka ah iyo gran), interspersed baasaboorka (qaataan 60% ka mid ah jasiiradda). Pine, kaymaha bjørk iyo heaths geed caan ku tahay buuraha.

Ka mid ah nuujiya waxaa dawaco, orso, Sable, ermine iyo weasels. Dhammaan oo ka mid ah jasiiradaha Japan (Hokkaido iyaga ka mid ah) ku nool dunida la yaab kala duwan ee shimbiraha iyo biyo ay xeebaha ugu badato la noocyada badan ee kalluunka.

indhaha

Waa maxay xiiso leh, marka laga reebo nooca la yaab leh u gaar ah, weli waxaa laga arki karaa on jasiiradda of Hokkaido? Socotada dib jasiiradda this, waayo, xaalkan in, iyo wax ku saabsan oo dhan Japan, ugu wanaagsan.

In Sapporo, waxaa jira dhowr meelo caan ah, dhismaha saacadda ee isku magaca - waa mid ka mid ah dhismayaasha nool yar ee qarnigii 19aad ee American style gumeysiga, Botanical Garden la qayb raagayaan ee kaymaha dabiiciga ah in mar koray on meesha magaalada; Odori Boulevard, TV Tower (height 147 mitir); Mountain Capelin 8 KM u jirta caasimadda, museum biir (mar warshad ay u-soo-saarka); Nakajima Park.

In magaalada Hakodate waxaa pyatibastionnaya Fortress (1864); Keniisad Koryudzi; Church Qiyaame Rabbiga iyo Catholic Church ee Momomati; Keniisad Higashi Honganji.

On jasiiradda waxaa Hokkkaydo National Parks: shikotsu-tōya park qaranka, Kushiro-Sitsugen, Akan, Shiretoko, Rebun iyo Rishiri Island-Tayseiudzan. Parks magaabo - Hidaka, Abashiri, Onuma, park dabiiciga ah prefectural Akkeshi.

Gebogebadii, xaqiiqooyin dhowr ah oo xiiso leh

• Markii hore waxa la filayay, in Hokkaido ah - jasiiradda Ruush. Japan ma muujiyaan wax xiiso ah in ama in Islands Kuril ah, Sakhalin toona, ka hor dhammaadkii qarnigii 18aad. Island hore ee Japan si rasmi ah loo arkaa dhul shisheeye. Sanadii 1786dii gaaray dalka Japan halkaas kula dadka deegaanka, magacyada Ruush madhay iyo qoyska la kulmeen. Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen awoowayaasha Ainu aad u, kuwaas oo mar qaaday dhalashada Ruush iyo Asalraacnimadu horrantii qarnigii 18aad. dadka Ainu loo isticmaalo in ay ku noolaadaan dhulka of Russia (Sakhalin, oo ku yaalla koonfurta of Kamchatka iyo Islands Kuril ah). quruun waxa uu leeyahay feature a kala - muuqaal Yurub. Maanta in Japan ay jiraan ku dhawaad 30 000 oo ah carruurta ay, laakiin waxay la hayeyna karaa Japanese ah muddadaas dheer.

• Festival Snow Sapporo waxaa la qabtaa sanad walba, taas oo markii ugu horaysay la qabtay 1950. Noocan ah bandhig tirooyinka baraf.

• In Hokkaido ilo badan kulul uga haysaan. The ugu xiisaha badan oo ka mid ah waa Dzigokudani (Dolina Ada). On this site waxaa jira geysers badan, mararka qaarkood ka fejicisay dhulka kor ku xusan.

• In goobaha ay Hokkaido waa qiyaastii u siman yihiin in ay dhulka Austria.

• Tan iyo 1859 Sapporo shaqeeya kaniisadda Orthodox ah, ciidamada dhisay of Church Ruush ah Howlgalka - Church oo ka mid ah Qiyaame Rabbiga. Tan iyo 1983, waxaa si rasmi ah waxaa iska leh dhaxalka dhaqanka ee Japan.