Halsano shaah iyo shaaha ee Russia

Halsano waa polyphenol shaaha lagu qayilo isku dar iyo falgalka (ensaymes) joogo ee caleen shaah ah. Sidaas darteed of theaflavins this form iyo thearubigins in la siiyo galiyey shaah (madow), a color brown sifo la-galyadeena guduudan.

Halsano waa taxane ah oo falgalka kiimikada dhaca habab kala duwan. Waxay ku xiran tahay xaaladaha dibadda (nalalka, heerkulka, qoyaan, iwm). Waxaa jira habab la garanayo ee la dhexgelin halsano macmal ah halka markii sheet ayaa gaaray helitaanka looga baahan yahay. Taas waxa loo sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo caleemo shaaha kululaynta deg deg ah, ma taasoo keentay in ay qalajiyo, laakiinse ku beddelma walax si habka halsano ah joojiyay.

falgalka oxidative

Halsano shaah - habka a muhiimka ah oo dhan technology-soo-saarka ay. Waayo, hirgelintiisa waa in ay ahaadaan saamaynta ensaymes oxidative of caleemo shaaha: oxidase phenol iyo perodoxida.

wax soo saarka Shaaha uu ogol yahay ilaalinta ugu badan ee caraf udgoon iyo dhadhan sifooyinka caleemo shaaha by-habeynta of Halabuurka kiimikada ay. Sidaas darteed mid ah waxyaabaha la cayriin heli wax soo saarka oo tayo sare leh.

Doorbidayey isbedelka lagmamaarmaanna u bilaabi xitaa halka ururinta caleemo shaaha, sii uu engegaan iyo maroojin, oo xitaa inta lagu guda jiro halsano ah, oy qaadandoonaan awood gaar ah.

Inta lagu guda jiro sheet halsano qaloocdo sarkhaansan ah hababka lagu qayilo ka, waxa uu noqonayaa mid copper-cas iyo ur cagaaran baxa dhadhan si tartiib ah oo xasaasi ah oo shaah si cajiib leh.

habka halsano ah

In qarnigii XIX waxaa la rumaysan yahay in halsano shaaha waa hab microbiological. Rumeysan yahay in caleen shaah ayaa microflora gaar ah, sheyga qaar ka mid ah soo saari ensaymes oxidative awood oksidheeyeyaal xeryahooda phenolic. Tani aragti qadiimiga ma laftiisa qiil ma, sababtoo ah iyada oo sababtu tahay tijaabo ah ku hoos jira xaalad aseptic, ogaaday in microflora shisheeye faragalin ku samayn kara oo keliya horumarinta saxda ah ee habka halsano ah.

Later, mar hore qarnigii XX ah, falgalka oxidative, waxayna ay soo saareen ayaa lagu helay in caleemo shaaha, iyagu waa on duurka shaaha ee gobolka nasinta iyo shaqeysiin karaa marka qallalaa. In koorsada of keligaa waxbarasho, kuwaas oo falgalka L shaaca ka qaaday in phenoloxidase, qaabka milma, ayaa hawl daciif ah, laakiin ma sameeyaan perodoxida L a cuntada cas iyo brown hawlaha sare.

Waxaan go'aansanay in aan ku baran falgalka ay si gooni gooni ah, taasoo keentay in dhaqdhaqaaqa oxidase phenol ah helay. enzyme Tani waa beelaya in meelaha sheet iyo ma geli xal xaaladaha caadiga ah in looga hortegi isaga laga helay daraasadaha hore. Sayidka waxaa la ogaadey phenoloxidase beelaya, kaas oo ahaa enzyme ugu weyn.

halsano Fast iyo gaabis ah

Halsano shaah waa deg deg ah iyo mid gaabis ah.

In geeddi-socodka halsano deg deg ah ee processing caleen shaah fuliyay mashiin, i.e. ay soo giringiriyey ama cajiintay by dhaawac xuubka unug. Taasina waxay keentaa in a firfircoon iyo dareen-celin lagu qayilo ee falgalka ay la mid kale.

Marka geeddi-socodka halsano gaabis ah, caleemaha aan la waxyeeleeyeen.

By habka iyo heerka shaaha caleen halsano la kala qaybsamaan shan kooxood:

• shaaha cad ;
• shaaha cagaaran ;
• shaah Oolong;
• shaah oolong;
• Shaaha Black.

Ka dib burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti, wax soo saarka ee shaaha ee Russia hadhay oo kaliya gobolka Krasnodar ee.

Isagoo ka badbaaday dhibaatooyinka ee 90s ee, wax soo saarka ee shaaha aagga bilaabeen inay xasilin, laakiin ku sii yar yahay waxyaabaha -quality iyo Muga sidoo kale ma aysan gaarin heerarka hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma aysan joogsan hawlaha wax soo saarka maxaliga ah ee processing shaaha iyo warshada shaaha-xirxirida in Adler Dagomys iyo raagayaan shirkadda Ruush "Krasnodarchay".

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in ciidda iyo cimiladii ka fog fiicnayn waxaa loogu talagalay beerista of shaaha, ee degmada of Sochi xoqayaa in shaaha mashquulin ku saabsan 1.5 kun. Hektar. Halkan sanad walba u soo ururin ka badan 4,000 oo tan oo caleemo shaaha.