Dirka ugu weyn ee steels iyo noocyada ay

daawaha bir ah iyo carbon la content a aan ka badnayn 2.14% waxa loo yaqaan birta. tayada steel Root: xoog, ductility, qalleyf, barti, cimri, iyo kuwa kale. dirka ugu weyn ee steel waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa:

• Halabuurka kiimikada.
• Halabuurka dhismayaasha.
• steel Tayada ama daawaha (ku xiran tahay xaddiga nijaasta waxyeello iyo hab ka mid ah soo-saarka).
• Degree of deoxidation.
• Ballanta.

Halabuurka kiimikada

Iyadoo ku xiran cadadka carbon in Halabuurka daawaha kala carbon iyo daawaha steels. content The carbon labada nooc ayaa sidoo kale go'aaminaya ay calaamad sixitaanka iyo GOST. Qoondaynta of steel carbon u qaybsan yahay:

• Dhexe (content ee C (carbon) waa in ka yar 0.3%).
• Sredneuglerodistoj (content C - ka 0.3 si 0.7%).
• High-carbon (content ee C - ka badan 0.7%).

Si loo hagaajiyo dabeecadaha farsamada ee daawaha, steel alloyed. daawaha waxaa la soo bandhigay, marka lagu daro qaybaha ugu muhiimsan oo lagu daro, xubno ka kiimikada gaar ah (nickel, chromium, molybdenum, aluminium, boron, vanadium, thallium, iwm), kuwaas oo bixiya ay qorayeen dhamaystiran. Taa baddalkeeda, kala soocidda ee daawaha steels warbixinta kooban:

• Low daawaha (oo ay ku jiraan in ka yar 2.5% oo ka mid ah qaybaha daawaha steel).
• Srednelegirovannye (ku jira ka soo 2.5 ilaa 10% oo ka mid ah qaybaha of steel daawaha).
• High-daawaha (oo ay ku jiraan in ka badan 10% oo ka mid ah qaybaha of steel daawaha).

Qoondaynta oo ah steels for Halabuurka dhismaha

Steel, maray nidaamka ay qorayeen u qaybsan yahay fasalada sida ay Halabuurka dhismaha. Dhismaha daawaha ku xiran tahay content carbon ah, alloying xubno iyo heerka qaboobaya ka dib markii kulaylinta in 900 ⁰S. Waxaa jira shan nooc oo ka kooban dhisme ah:

• daawaha A pearlitic.
• Martensitic daawaha.
• daawaha Austenitic.
• Ferritic Daawaha.
• Carbide daawaha.

Qoondaynta of Quality steels

Sida laga soo xigtay shuruudaha wax soo saarka (Habka xaabo, content nijaasta daahiriya) ee steels iyo Alloys waxaa loo qaybin karaa dhowr qaybood:

• tayada caadiga ah (content of S (baaruud)> 0,06%, P (fosfooraska) <0.07%).
• Tayada (content of S (baaruud)> 0,04%, P (fosfooraska) <0,35%).
• tayo sare leh (content of S (baaruud)> 0.025%, P (fosfooraska) <0,025%).
• tayada Gaar sare (content of S (baaruud)> 0.015%, P (fosfooraska) <0,025%).

Waayo, steels tayada caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah carbon, qiimaha iyo sifooyinka farsamada taas oo si weyn yihiin steels liita fasalada kale.

In Halabuurka kiimikada in noocyada tayada laga yaabaa steels sida alloyed iyo carbon. In wax soo saarka ah ee sare oo tayo leh steels kulanka adag ee wax soo saarka looga baahan yahay.

noocyada Carbon of steels iyo tayada tayada caadiga ah waxaa go'aamiya heerka uu deoxidation iyo dabeecadda solidification sida a iyo karaya xasilloon, semi-dilay.

tayo sare leh-oo tayo sare leh steels leeyihiin processability sare, degree hagaagay ee nadiifinta sunta.

Qoondaynta of steel ay ujeedada looga danleeyahay

By steel ujeedada lagu tilmaamay galay:

• Qalabka.
• Dhismayaasha.
• Steel leh guryaha gaarka ah.