Halkee Avv borotiinka dhaco? nuxurka geedi socodka, iyo goobta Avv borotiinka ku jira unugyada

Geedi socodka ah ee biosynthesis protein waa mid aad muhiim u ah gacanta. Maxaa yeelay, borotiinada yihiin walxaha adag in door aasaasi ah ee unugyada, iyagu waa la bedeli karin. Sababtan darteed, in habka cell dhan fulin biosynthesis protein silsilad, kaas oo soo baxa dhowr organelles. Tani waxay xaqiijineysaa in dhalmo cell iyo suuragalnimada in jiritaankooda.

biosynthesis protein KOOBAN

Meesha kaliya ee ereygu wuxuu ahaa ee borotiinada - waa adag reticulum endoplasmic. Halkan waa qaybta ugu badan ribosomes, kaas oo masuul ka ah formation of silsilad polypeptide a yihiin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka hor inta marxaladda of turjumidda (Avv protein), waxay u baahan tahay dardargelinta ee hiddo, oo qabaneysa warbixin ku saabsan qaab dhismeedka of protein bilaabmin. Intaas ka dib, qaybtii this loo baahan yahay in aad nuqulka DNA (ama RNA, markii viewed biosynthesis bakteeriyo).

Ka dib markii nuqul DNA ee RNA ah looga baahan yahay abuurista habka macluumaad ah. On ku salaysan Avv borotiinka ay waxaa lagu fulin doonaa ee silsiladda. Iyo dhammaan tallaabooyinka ka dhaca ku lug leh acids nucleic, waa inay dhacaan in bu'da unugga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma aha meel Avv borotiinka dhacdaa. goobtan, kaas oo la isku diyaarineysa biosynthesis ah.

biosynthesis protein Ribosomal

meel Main halkaas oo Avv protein - waxaa ribosome, organelle cell, oo ka kooban laba subunits. dhismayaasha noocan oo kale ah ee gacanta tiro aad u badan, oo ay inta badan ku yaalaan xuubka of reticulum ka da.ay endoplasmic. biosynthesis laftiisa waa sida soo socota: bu'da unugga sameeyay RNA ayaa wargeeyskii u soo maraa ka daloolada nuclear galay cytoplasm iyo la kulmay ribosome ah. Markaas mRNA waxaa riixay galay farqiga u dhaxeeya subunits ribosome, oo korkoodana waxaa u qardarin of acid ugu horeysay amino.

Si meeshii Avv borotiinka, acids amino waxaa bixisey taasi oo ka RNA kala iibsiga. Mid ka mid ah Britain ayaa hal sida dhali karin hal amino acid. Waxa ay ku biiri waqti ku xiran tahay isku xigxiga oo ka mid ah codons RNA Rasuul. Sidoo kale, ereygu waa la joojin karaa in muddo ah.

Inkasta oo uusan u dhaqaaqin weheliyaan mRNA ah, ribosome ka heli kartaa meel ka (introns) aan encode acids amino. In meelahan, ribosome ka guuro oo ay la socdaan mRNA ah, laakiin ma jiraan wax intaa dheer amino acid in silsiladda. Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ribosome gaaro exon in uu yahay, goobta, taas oo baaq acid ah, ka dibna waxaa mar kale ku lifaaqan polypeptide ah.

beddelid Postsynthetic borotiinada

Ka dib markaad gaartey codon stop ah mRNA ribosome habka Avv toos dhamaado ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee Britain ayaa keentay leedahay qaab hoose oo aan weli samayn kartaa hawlaha loo hayaa, waxaa ka. Si aad u fiican u shaqeyo, Britain waa in la soo abaabulay qaab gaar ah, dugsiga sare, jaamacadaha ama ka badan oo adag - quaternary.

Ururka dhismaha ee borotiinka

Qaab dhismeedka Secondary - Marxaladda koowaad ee ururka dhismaha. Si loo gaaro silsiladda polypeptide hoose waa spiralized (si ay u sameeyaan Alfa-galool) ama qaloocsan (si ay u abuuraan a beta-layers). Markaas, si ay kor u qaado meel xitaa ka yar ay weheliyaan dhererka Britain u sii wada baxay oo kafantii ku galay kubbad by hydrogen, covalent oo dhaaraheedii ay Madbacada qaranka, iyo sidoo kale isdhexgalka interatomic. Sayidka, a globular dhismeedka protein.

Qaab dhismeedka protein Quaternary

Dhismaha quaternary waa adkaa oo dhan. Waxay ka kooban tahay dhowr qaybood oo leh qaab-dhismeedka lala qaybood polypeptide fibrillar globular. Intaa waxaa dheer, qaab-dhismeedka jaamacadda iyo quaternary ka kooban laga yaabaa carbohydrate ama la egyahay ka hadhay a, oo balaadhinaya kala duwan ee hawlaha protein. Gaar ahaan, glycoproteins, xeryahooda adag oo protein ah oo carbohydrate ah waa immunoglobulins oo uu ku sameeyo shaqo ka ilaaliya. Sidoo kale glycoproteins yaal xuubka unugyada iyo receptors shaqada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma u habaynta Britain halkaasoo Avv borotiinka dhacdaa, iyo in reticulum ka siman endoplasmic. Halkan waxaa lifaaqa la egyahay ay suurtagal tahay, biraha iyo carbohydrates in domains protein.