Hadfield muuqaalada steel: kooban, isticmaalka

warshadaha ee steel - mid ka mid ah qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee GDP ee dal kasta, sida ay soo saartaa qalabka gaar ah oo waxtar leh. Aan soo saaray waxyaabaha steelworks Dadka ma uu samayn karin oo aan. Steel - mid ka mid ah. Waxaa jira noocyada kala duwan ee qalabka loo isticmaalo warshadaha badan. Steel, taas oo uu leeyahay plasticity sare oo xiran heerka waxaa, - Hadfield steel, - daawaha u gaar ah. Shuruudaha waxaa loogu talagalay waxaa nidaaminaya by GOST 977-88 iyo dhigooda shisheeye (USA, England, Germany, China, Japan, Finland, Spain, Korea).

Taariikhda Hadfield steel

Sida magacaba ka muuqata, waxaa lagu murmi karaa in ay ahayd Robert Hadfield helay daawaha this. Kuwaas oo ahaa sameeysa ah? Robert Hadfield - metallurgist Ingiriisi helay daawaha ah xoog sare ee 1882. Aad ugu dhaqsiyaha badan, steel this ayaa ku faafay oo ahayd wax aad u gaarka ah.

Ka dib markii Hadfield Steel ayaa soo saartay gaar ah a, oo xiiseynaya in ay horumar ay ciidamada. Tani ma aha la yaab leh, tan iyo waxaaga oo caynkaas ah waa qayb muhiim u ah abuuridda qalabka difaaca ee milatariga.

Lugta koofiyad Patriots - qalabka ilaalinta ugu horeeyay, taas oo ku salaysan yahay steel Hadfield. koofiyadaha Kuwan waxaa loo isticmaalaa by askari oo ka tirsan ciidamada Ingiriiska, ka dibna wuxuu noqday xiiso horumarinta ciidamada Maraykanka oo ay bilaabeen in ay wax soo saarka. Ilaa 80 technology Hadfield steel wax ka beddeli mayso. Laakiin 80-mada waxaa la sameeyey organoplastics xoog aan ahayn qalabka liita ee ay metallurgist Ingiriiska, laakiin waxa ay inta badan ka sahlan ahaa.

Koofiyadaha for lugta ah - ma ahan bir Hadfield isticmaalka kaliya. Shirkadda British "Vickers" waxa uu ahaa kii ugu horeeyay ee loo isticmaalo ujeeddooyin kale oo bir-fasalka sare. Dabagal ku gaari gaashaaman bilaabay saara Hadfield of daawaha ee 20 jirka ah. baabuur taangiga Steel kordhay masaafada ka 500 4800 kilomitir. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, kororka la mid ah in masaafada waxaa loo arkaa ku dhowaad mucjiso ah. Hadfield steel uu noqday lagama maarmaan u tahay horumarka taangiga. Soon, waxaaga this waxaa loo isticmaalaa ma aha oo kaliya in taangiga, laakiin sidoo kale in warshado kale. In USSR ah, bilowgii steel Hadfield dhalaaliyaa ee 1936.

Hadfield Steel: Curiska

Falanqaynta Halabuurka kiimikada, gaar ahaan boqolkiiba carbon iyo manganese loo arki karaa in ay tahay bir austenitic. dhisme noocan oo kale ah hagaajinaysaa iska caabin ah ay xirtaan iyo engejiyaa daawaha. Sayidka, steel waa adkaysi u-socodka lahayo ku, isagoo shahaado sare ee ductility iyo qalleyf. Steelmakers ayaa sheegaya in tani ay ahayd daawaha steel ugu horeysay ahama, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay mass-soo saarka.

Guryaha of steel Hadfield

Sababo la xiriira hantida steel austenitic la hawlgalin kari waayay by jarida qalab, sababta oo ah waxa uu leeyahay ku nafwaayay sare. Kaliya wax taaj oo kale waxaa laga yaabaa in ku haboon yahay soo saaridda ee alaabta ka wax this dhigay.

Hadfield daawaha uu leeyahay awood sare oo qalbi engegnaantooda aawadeed shaqada, taas oo si weyn u ka badan yahay in of Alloys steel la mid ah. steel Austenitic ayaa engegnaantiinna hooseeyo, iska caabin ah ay xirtaan sare, laakiin sidoo kale ku dul dhibcood saamaynta, cadaadis sarreeya iyo heerkulka. Iyada oo ku saleysan astaamahaan, waxaan dhihi karaa in birta metallurgist British haboon in loo isticmaalo deeganada xoqe.

technology Gaar ahaan alxanka Hadfield steel

conductivity kaamerada The of austenite waa weyn uga yar in ee steels kale, 4-6 jeer. The Wehliyaha ballaarinta kaamerada waa marar badan ka sii badan oo ka mid ah steels low-carbon - in 1,9 jeer. Kuwani waa sifooyinka aad u muhiim ah oo bir ah, si saamaynta on suuragalnimada in arrinkaas qabow ee soo-gaadhista heerkulka.

Waxaa jira itimaalka weyn oo arrinkaas kulul ay sabab u tahay yaraanshaha ee daawaha loo shubay, oo waa 1.6 jeer ka badan bir low-carbon. Heerkulka sare badalaa qaabka austenitic in martensitic ah, taas oo kordhinaysa halista ah ee dildilaaca ee gobolka of heerkulka sare.

Meelaha codsiga Hadfield steel

Sababo la Halabuurka kiimikada, sifooyinka iyo muuqaalada austenite ee ay waxaa loo isticmaalaa in warshado badan. Isticmaalka alaabta birta, waxaad yaqiinsanaysaa ay isku halaynta iyo cimri dherer ugu sareeya.

steel Xidho u adkaysta waa wax caan ah. Tiro weyn ee warshadaha soo saara alaabooyinka-xoogga sare, loo isticmaalo steel Hadfield. The waxyaabaha soo socda ka daawaha this soo saaray:

• waxyaabaha Engineering.
• Truckee taangiyada diir.
• Cagaf.
• tareenku maro.
• Turnouts, oo awood u leh oo ka hawlgala xaaladaha load saameynta iyo abrasion adag.
• baararka Xabsiga on daaqadaha.
• qaybaha wax burburinayay.

Madadaalo waxaa soo saarta lattices xabsi ah austenite. Badan ayaa rumaysan in ay tahay Jees u qaabeysan maxaabiista kuwaas oo isku dayaya in ay ka baxsadaan. Sida laga soo xigtay Classics ah nooca ka, qaraabada badan oo qarsoodi hacksaw ah in maxaabiista in rajada xoriyada ay bilaabaan in ay ka gooyay ulihiisa gudban suuqa kala.

In the case of biraha caadiga ah waa baxsado tahay. Laakiin Hadfield Daawaha - waa xiran u adkaysta bir, taas oo sida caadiga ah waa hacksaw ah inay arkeen wax aan macquul aheyn. Haddii aad bilowdo in ay arkeen daaqaddii of daawaha Hadfield, waxaa ka bilowdey adkaansho dushiisa, taas oo horseedaysa in ay adkaato austenite ah. Hacksaw daaqaddii kordhiyaa handsaw engegnaantiinna aawadeed iyo qalbi engegnaantooda ee kor ku xusan. Sidaa darteed, waxaan la hadli kartaa ee ku saabsan wax aan jirin ka baxsado.

steel 110G13L

110G13L Steel fasalka - daawaha, kaasoo loo isticmaalo castings oo wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin gaar ah. steel waxa uu leeyahay iska caabin ah oo ay xirtaan sare ee foori ama Farqiga calaamadaha cadaadiska.

Codsiga steels 110G13L

Tani nooca birta loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka ee qalabka soo socda:

• qaybo ka mid waajib culus oo u baahan in ay noqon raagaya.
• burburinayay koorta.
• The ilko cagafcagaf derbiga.
• kubad Housing, daqiijin jireen jet.

steels Analogs

steel a noocan oo kale ah soo saaray dalal badan.

Guryaha fasalka birta 110G13L

guryaha tiknoolaji iyo farsamo mid ah waxyaabaha la guurna waa la siiyaa miisaskii.

guryaha farsamo at T = 20 ^o brand C 110G13L steel

daaweynta kulaylka

daaweynta Heat Hadfield steel ku xiran tahay heerka content carbon in daawaha. Heerka sare ee carbon, sare ee heerkulka. Tusaale ahaan, haddii daawaha waa 1%, heerkulka waa in ay ahaataa hoos 900 digrii. Haddii 1.5% carbon, processing waa suurto gal at 1000 degrees. Haddii carbon waxa ay joogtaa daawaha ee 1.6%, heerkulka waa in kor ku xusan 1050 degrees. Tan waxa la qaboojinta biyaha.

heerkulka sare waxaa looga baahan yahay kala diridda dhamaystiran oo carbides, xaqiro tayada loo shubay, iyo koritaanka badar austenite. ridaya waqtigooda feydnaanta ku xiran tahay dhumucdiisuna. Sayidka, oo dhumucdiisuna waxay 30-mm a baahan barareyso in 4 saacadood, iyo 125 mm - 24 saacadood.

steel abrasion iska caabin Hadfield in xaaladda as-tuur waa isku mid sida ka dib markii demin. Qaab dhismeedka austenite waxa ku wareegsan carbide iyo mesh dhaqmo xiran xaaladaha iyo sidoo kale daawaha ka sii qallafsanaaday dhqaalaha. Sidaa darteed waxaa lagu murmi karaa in in qaar ka mid ah microvolumes austenite la shubay ayaa xoog isku mid ah iyo cimri dherer sida birta ka sii qallafsanaaday. Its nuglaanta kordhay ay sabab u tahay saameynta ay Roobka carbide ah, kaas oo keena fiirsashada xoogan oo walaacyada gudaha.

Hadfield steel loo sameeyay dhawr sano ka hor. Maanta, steel daawaha - waa qayb muhiim ah oo wax soo saarka ee wax soo saarka badan ee warshadaha oo kala duwan. Aan warshadaha sida dhismaha mashiinka, saliida iyo gaaska, kiimikada, cuntada-, warshadaha tamarta si fiican u shaqayn karaa. Ha illoobin ah oo ku saabsan dhismaha, haanta-saarka iyo horumarinta nooc cusub oo ka mid ah hubka ay isticmaalaan warshadaha cusub guulaha steel. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, injineero iyo metallurgists si buuxda u fahmaan oo dhan oo ka mid ah guryaha, muuqaalada iyo astaamaha steels daawaha.