Gaari "Willys": Tilmaamo iyo sawirka

Gaari "Willys" - Halyeeyga baabuur, marin jidkan ka Volga iyo Berlin, gudbeen saxaraha Africa, Salaax dhex kaymaha Asian. Its fikradda weli waa aasaas u ah abuurista SUVs casriga ah. "Willis" waxa uu ahaa aasaasihii oo ka mid ah baabuurta heer sare, taas oo maanta dhali magaca "gaari".

Gaari "Willys": taariikhda abuurka

Tan iyo 30-ka Maraykanka bilaabay si ay u muujiyaan xiisaha motorcars of permeability sare, taas oo laga yaabaa inuu bedelo raxan hadda da 'ah gaadiidka ciidanka iftiinka soo kordha. dhicin dagaalkii Yurub qasbay Maraykanka si loo dedejiyo geedi socodka. In this la xidhiidha, set oo ah shuruudaha farsamo lagama maarmaanka u ah baabuurta ee mustaqbalka, kaas oo turjumo waa mid xaqiiqo ah.

Automakers waa ogyahay in la helo ee sida amar marka la eego xaalada siyaasadeed ee hadda ballan qaaday Noqosho wanaagsan. Sidaa darteed, halganka for dhaylo ah ee wax soo saarka ee SUVs, ayaa ku dhawaaqay by ciidamada Mareykanka, 135 shirkadood galay. Laakiin ka hor inta heerka ugu dambeeya ee ay awoodaan in ay gaaraan "American Bantam", "Ford Motor Company" saddex kaliya oo "Willys kalen," taas oo abuuri kartaa prototypes dhab ah in loo daboolo baahiyaha ciidamada. Sidaas darteed, mid kasta oo ka mid ah shirkadaha, kuwaas oo ayaa helay amar ay soo saaraan 1,500 cutub oo ay SUV.

xulashada go'aaminta

Markayse u caddaatay in Americans ma awoodaan in ay ka fogaadaan dagaal iska, ee July 1941 waxaa la go'aamiyay in kale sii daayo noqon doono, waxay leeyihiin Dufcaddii badan oo ah baabuurta off-road, oo ka kooban 16,000 baabuur. Laakiin mar kale waxaa jiray su'aal ah ee aad dooranayso dhexeeya saddex saarayaasha.

First, oo dulmiga saadaaliyay in jihada "Ford" sida automaker ugu weyn dunida oo dhan. Laakiin markaas su'aasha kacay kharashka mishiinka. Waxaa soo baxay in SUV ah, la soo jeediyay "Ford", waa ka qiimo badan oo dhan - oo ay wax soo saarka u suurtagashay in 788 oo doolar. kharashka wax yar ka jaban, "Bantam" - 782 doolar. qiimaha ugu yar ayaa loo bixiyey "Willys kalen," taas oo la qiimeeyo qiimaha mid ka mid ah mashiinada ay ku 738,74 dollar ah, iyo this inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in a gaari military "gaari" lahaa qaab ka fiican yahay SUVs tartamaya '.

Waxa ay u muuqataa in ay soo gunaanaday ahayd mid muuqata, laakiin ciidamada shakiyey in shirkadda awoodo inuu dhawro qaab dhismeedka waqti ee ku qeexan gudahood noqon doontaa, sidii kiiska waxa aan ahaa mid aad u wanaagsan. Point xaalkan ku riday Bill Knutson - Khabiir Maraykan ah oo duurka ku ah baabuurta mass-soo saaray, oo ay taageerayaan musharaxnimada ee "Willys kalen."

July 23, 1941 la "kalen Willys" saxiixay heshiis in ay soo saaraan 16,000 baabuur. Oo August, gaari "Willys" (oo hoos ku sawiran) ka dib markii taxane ah oo horumar ayaa si buuxda diyaar u ah wax soo saarka mass, iyo in ay magaceeda - Willys MB dar Index.

net Dawladda ammaanka

Concern "Willys kalen," taagan ayaa qarka u kaco oo aan ka adkaan kari waayeen amarka serial dagaalka, si Dowladda ay go'aansatay in ay ka dhigi ammaan iyo in la siiyo jeegga dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan wax soo saarka ee nuqulo ka mid ah SUVs shirkadda dheeraad ah oo lagu kalsoonaan karo - "Ford Motor".

Milkiilaha shirkadda ayaa isku raacay in ay si dowladda waaweyn, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in ay "Ford" lahaa in la isticmaalo engine asalka ah ee wax soo saarka ee mashiinada, oo ay soo iibsatay ka "Willys kalen." warqadaha on MB Willys ah ayaa nuqul ka mid ah injineerada ah "Ford", oo horraantii 1942 daayay kooxda dhigooda SUV ugu horeysay, loo yaqaan Ford GPW.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, "Willys kalen" soo saaray oo ku saabsan 363.000 SUVs. "Ford Motor" sameeyaa si ciidamada 280,000 mashiinada. Ku dhawaad isla markiiba kadib marka ay bilaabaan wax soo saarka serial baabuurta SUV tegey sokeeye - horeysay ee British ka dibna dhinaca Soviet.

Gudbinta Work SUV military

On waddada, in kasta oo ay drive afar giraangirta, gaari "Willys" Waxaan u qaatay mid aad u habboon. si degdeg ah Dedejiyey, sidoo kale waxaan ka eryay, si tartiib ah kaga adkaadeen wadada. Habdhaqankan si fiican u bixiyo "gaar" SUV gudbinta.

element Carrier "Willis" jir Spar ayaa waxaa ku xiran via ilo iyo absorbers lama filaan ah jihada hal dheeri ah la buundooyinka u qalabaysan oo kala interlocked. engine ee mashiinka la interlocked gearbox 3-xawaaraha buugan.

Management of dariiq dhexaad hore iyo downshift ah by kiiska kala iibsiga qaadeen.

"Willis" gaari uu leeyahay faa'iido aad u weyn oo ah qaab biriiga Haydarooliga oo dhan 4 giraangiraha in la koobin iyo sifooyinka firfircoon ahaayeen arrin muhiim ah.

jirka baabuurka

Sababo la compactness ee raaxada ee American SUV, dabcan, waxaa ka baxo badan waxaa loo doonayaa, laakiin wakhtigaas ma u leeyihiin in ay ka fekeraan nolasha in meesha ugu horeysa waxay ahaayeen xuduudaha ka shaqeynayaan.

In jirka fudud-raadinta "Willis" ayaa qaababka ay design gaar ah la'aan ah albaabada iyo laabi on Dhuunta ee muraayadda. Maqnaanshaha albaabada loo ogol yahay in ay si xor ah ka tago baabuurka ay dhacdo halis. teendhadii rainproof waxaa la siiyaa ilaalinta roobka.

Dhinaca sare ee jidhka ku yaalla xagga dambe ee "wheel firaaqada" iyo koonbo weyn, iyo dhinacyada - qalab gaardis ah (falin, faas, iwm). Waayo, aawadiis of ujeedada ciidamada taangiga shidaalka baabuurta loo dhigay ka yar kursiga darawalka, taas oo loo baahan yahay in ay u janjeeri gaariga for shubin. In fasax ka dambeeya dedan oo wheel gadaal ku yaal saabka loogu kaydsado qalabka.

Tan iyo markii jirku wuxuu leeyahay qaab-dhismeedka box-sida a, furitaanka waxaa la siiyaa inay ka soo saarto raasamaal macquulka ah ee qoyaanka hoose ee mashiinka, waxaa stoppered.

Features optics

Laydhkaaga "Willis" xoogaa baxsan oo qaraabo in diyaarad of biruhu ah. Tani waxaa u sabab astaamaha dhismaha. Haddii loo baahdo, optics iftiinka ayaa laga diiday kartaa lenses, fuuli waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida il iftiin inta lagu jiro adeeg engine habeenkii. Intaa waxaa dheer, design laambad feature tani waxay u oggolaanaysaa in ay u guuraan gudcurka iyagoo aan mugdiga ah.

Gaari "Willys": Car:

drive 4-wheel.

Mass SUV - 1055 kg.

sarajooggiisu wuxuu teendhada - 1830 mm.

Vehicle width - 1585 mm.

dhererka gaari - 3335 mm.

ansixin Ground (ansixin) - 220 mm.

Wabka Engine nizhneklapannym 4-dhululubo (Willys L-134) isagoo leh xoog ah - 60 l / s.

mugga of unit awoodda - 2,2l.

Nidaamka korontada nooca kaarburatoore (carburetor - wo-539-S shirkadda Carter).

"Willis" gaari awoodaan si ay u horumariyaan xawaare ah 105 km / h in ay dhacdo jiiday madfac 45mm - 86 km / h.

awoodda taangiga shidaalka - 56,8 litir.

isticmaalka shidaalka (qiimaha celcelis ahaan) - 12 litir / 100 km.

Capacity - 4 qof.

SUV "Willis" awooday in ay ka gudbaan tog bar-meter oo aan diyaarinta. Iyada oo qalab gaar ah 1.5 mitir.

From xogta farsamada ee kor ku xusan waxa uu muujinayaa in gaari "Willys" waxa uu leeyahay design a aad is haysta iyo miisaanka yar, iyo sidoo kale waqti aad u fiican ay u qabadka firfircoon.

Adeegaya in ciidamada Soofiyeedka

Waxa uu u muuqday xagaagii 1942 ee "Wilis" ciidankii Soviet. Qaar badan oo kamid ah gaadiidkii ay bixisey in Midowga Soofiyeeti, yimid oo ah qaab baabuur-xirmooyinka, kuwaas oo la xusay in gobolka qalliinka horeba waa on the warshadaha baabuurta gudaha.

Nasiib darro, koobnaanta adeegga ciidanka Soviet tagay saameynta xun ee waxqabadka "Willis". gaas-fasalka Low shiday baabuurta, taas oo ahayd dilaa ah si ay "Americans". Inta badan ma loo hogaansamey dura godka. Qaar badan oo ka baaqsadey ka dhacay ay sabab u tahay la'aanta dayactirka waqtiga iyo qaybo ka mid SUV sifaynta. Waxaas oo dhan wada keentay in xaqiiqda ah in ay "Willis" ee failure 15,000 km gudahood. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa la rumeysan yahay in Ciidamada Soofiyeeti, SUVs American ka qiime badan yihiin dhiggooda gudaha GAZ-67 iyo GAZ-67B, in Ciidamada Red la naaneeso "Ivan gaari ah."

Uu mini-gaari mustaqbalkiisa military "Willys" ayuu hadalkiisa raaciyay in dalkiisa (meesha beddelka kala duwan soo saaray ay ku salaysan), taas oo ugu dambayntii waa la dhammaystiray kaliya ee 80s, markii uu bedelay a shuruudaha ka badan ilaa-time "Hammer".