Fransua Mitteran: a Biography, mustaqbalkiisa, guriga iyo siyaasadda dibadda

Fransua Mitteran - Madaxweynaha 21-aad ee France, iyo waqti isku mid ah madaxweynaha 4aad ee Jamhuuriyadda shanaad ee, aasaasay by Charles de Gaulle. Waxa uu hoggaanka dalka u soo baxday in ugu dheer ee taariikhda Republic shanaad, iyo waqti isku mid ah ugu muranka, marka pendulum siyaasadeed ayaa badashay hantiwadaagga in amar deeqsi ah.

Dhalashada iyo sano oo waxbarasho

Isla mar marka Europe ayaa weli ku gubay Dagaalkii Adduunka, ee 1916, on October 26, oo ku sugan magaalada dhashay Jarnac Madaxweynaha Faransiiska Fransua Mitteran. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, uu ku dhashay "in aad u Catholic ee Mu'minaadka ah" qoyska. Aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa Jacques Mitterand, oo hooyadiis - I. Sh Xasaan Xuseen. In magaalada uu ku dhashay ee Jarnac, wuxuuna ka mid ahaa ilaa 9 sano jirka ah, oo halkan helay uu waxbarashada aasaasiga ah, ka dibna u tegey "Saint Paul" - hoyga College ee Angumele. Meeshu waa hay'ad gaar ah Catholic doorbiday, ka dib markii taas oo uu noqday Bachelor of Philosophy.

At da'da 18 Fransua Mitteran u tageen inay Paris si ay u sii wataan waxbarashadooda. Waxaa uu ku qoran ee Sorbonne, halkaas oo uu ka bartay cilmiga ka hor 1938. Ka dib markii la dhameeyo waxa ay noqon doontaa xataa saddex shahaadado: dhamaadka Caqlina philological iyo sharciga ee Jaamacadda Sorbonne, iyo School of Sciences Siyaasadda. At tababar la dhameystiro oo uu bilaabo nolol qof weyn, laakiin xitaa markaas waxa ay u muuqataa iyada oo hadiyadda diblomaasiyadda iyo soo beegtay, waxaa horey u ahaa madaxweyne ku cad mustaqbalka Mitteran Fransua. Its siyaasad ma aha in jiitay waxaa si oo u noolaa kulul xiiso amaanay soo socda si ay awood of Front Popular ee 1936.

adeeg ciidan iyo dagaalkii labaad ee dunida nolosha Fransua Mitterana

In guga ee 1938, Francois la qoray. Waxa uu bilaabay u adeegaya ee Ciidankii 23 gumeystayaasha lugta. Ka dib markii kooxda Jarmalka ay ugu fuliyeen dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, oo uu ku dhaqaaqay degmada nooca yaryar. Bishii June 1940, in qabashada Paris by Wehrmacht, Fransua Mitteran, uu dhaawac halis ah by miino firirka qaraxa. Mucjisooyin, wuxuu u suurtagashay in ay qaataan durba adkaaday ee Paris, laakiin ugu dhakhsaha badan Fransua Mitteran ahaa in maxaabiis ahaan Jarmal. Waxaa la sameeyay saddex isku day in ay ka baxsadaan, oo in jiilaalka ee 1941 uu ugu danbeyn si aad u hesho duurjoogta ah iyo si degdeg ah ku soo biiraan dhaqdhaqaaqa iska caabin ah. Waxaa uu helay naaneesta ah "Captain Morlan."

In 1942-1943, François ahaa shakhsi firfircoon on dagaaalka. Xitaa waxa uu aasaasay urur dhulka hoostiisa iyo Patriotic Union. Dabayaaqadii 1943, kulankii ugu horeeyey la Charles de Gaulle. Waxaa laga yaabaa in aad bartey u dhaxeeya dhigay xariiqda. Fransua Mitteran, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka duwan de Gaulle, wuxuu ahaa siyaasi dhallinyaro ah, hantiwadaag, iyadoo kulanka ugu horeeya ee isaga la tegey colaad iyo khilaaf furan aragtidiisa. In 1944 wuxuu ahaa firfircoon xoraynta ee France iyo xubin ka mid ah kacdoonkii Paris.

dhaqdhaqaaqa siyaasadeed ee sano post-dagaal

Ka dib burburkii Nazi Germany Fransua Mitteran waxay bilaabeen inay si firfircoon uga soo fara in hay'adaha dawladda Jamhuuriyadda Faransiis ah. Waxa uu qabtay in ka badan toban posts wasiir oo noqday hoggaamiyaha YUDSR xisbiga. Wuxuu qabtay dabcan ah anti-faashistihii oo si cad u cambaareeyey siyaasadda iyo awoodda xad-dhaafka ah ee Charles de Gaulle, iyo xataa qoray buug isaga ku saabsan.

Dagaalka madaxweynenimada

Ujeedadu waxay ka leexdo iyo in uu mustaqbalkiisa siyaasadeed ahayd sannaddii 1965. Muddadan uu Biography bedelay. Fransua Mitteran markii ugu horeysay ka qeyb qaatay doorashadii Madaxweynaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wareegii labaad uu adkaaday, iyo madaxweynaha iyo Muddo labaad dib loo doortay de Gaulle. Waxa uu sii waday hawlaha uu mucaaradka madaxa xiriirka ah Bidixda. In 1974, uu dib u soo celin qaddar ee 1965 - uu qasaaro Valeri Zhiskar d'Estaing wareega labaad. Uu waqti weli ma iman.

Muddadaas oo dhan waxa, oo wuxuu wada yeelay waqti dhumin in aan micne lahayn: waxa uu ka shaqeeyay isaga qudhiisa on, waxaa raadinaya qaabab kale oo loo abuuro xulufo siyaasadeed oo cusub, si firfircoon u ololeeyey sida maqan iyo. Guud ahaan, durbadiiba waxaa gabow aan la caqabad. Ka dib oo dhan, wakhtigaas (1974) uu hore u ahaa 60 sano jir ah, oo uu hadda bilaabay in ay ku raaxaystaan guul siyaasadeed, laakiin guul aan si gaar ah uga caroodeen. Sidaa darteed, ku xiga in doorashada 1981, wuxuu bilaabay inuu diyaarsado sida marna ka hor.

Madaxweynaha 4-ta ah ee Jamhuuriyadda shanaad ee

In 1981, ee January, at the Congress of SAF (Faransiis Socialist Party), waxaa si wadajir ah u magacaabay musharax madaxweynaha ee doorashada soo socota. Waxa ay ahayd, saacaddiisii ugu fiican. Madaxweynaha 4-ta ah ee Jamhuuriyadda Fifth ahaa Mitteran Fransua ah, siyaasadda gudaha iyo dibadda in xitaa helay magac gaar ah - "mitteranizm". dhaqdhaqaaqa Maamuusta Francois madaxweyne kale oo ahaa in, in ay ku hingoobeen soo anti-communist, in uu siyaasadda, ayuu isku halleeyeen iyaga on si kasta oo macquul, oo aan mar sokeeye way wada yeeleen.

siyaasadda gudaha

In ka dhalanaya in xukuumadda Fransua Mitteran bilaabay inuu sameeyo dib u habaynta bulshada. Shaqadiisii waa la fuliyay by Dowladda si loo yareeyo toddobaadka la shaqeeyo, hoos u da'da hawlgabka, baahinta awoodda. Marka maamulka deegaanka Mitterrand leeyihiin awood weyn, iyo sidaas "gacanta free" wax ka qabashada arrimo badan. Tani waa su'aal ah in isaga siiyey nabadu jirin inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Charles de Gaulle iyo Mitterrand ayaa waxaa lagu eedeeyaa inay awood xad-dhaaf ah ee gacmaha hal qof. Intaa waxaa dheer, ciqaabta dilka la baabiiyo. France on arrintan ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay ee dhammaan dalalka Galbeedka Yurub. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tan iyo 1984 dowladda lagu qasbay inuu si kor oo ah "gunti" guurto iyo mija-habaynta bulshada.

Tan iyo 1986 wuxuu bilaabay mudo ah waxa loogu yeero. "Noolaanshaha" in ka tagay madaxweynaha wada dhaqmeen madaxa saxda ah ee dowladda, kuwaasoo cadeeyay inuu Zhak Shirak.

In 1988, muddo labaad ayuu dib loo doortay Fransua Mitteran. siyaasadda gudaha badelin, waxaa taageeray communists ah, u baxay inay wada hadal la galaan ciidamada garabka midig iyo waqti isku mid ah ma dayacno bidix, taas oo lagu tilmaamay waxaa siyaasi sida yiqiin iyo aragti leh waayo-aragnimo ballaaran ee arimahan.

Siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee Fransua Mitterana

Shiidaa oo dhan sano ee madaxweynenimadiisa, ayuu lagu qasbay in ay awoodda la garabka midig wasiirrada ra'iisul wadaagaan. siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda Mitterrand ayaa sidoo kale soo bandhigaysaa fikradda ah u Xeelaysanayn u dhexeeya ciidamada midig ee garabka bidix iyo. Gaar ahaan, wuxuu ku dooday in sidii loo xoojin lahaa xiriirka Maraykanka, Germany, ka dibna si Germany ka midaysan iyo, dabcan, iyadoo Russia. Fransua Mitteran ahaa mid ka mid ah marka hore si ay u taageeraan Boris Yeltsin inta lagu guda jiro afgambi. Laakiin xitaa ka hor inta dhacdooyinkii August 1991, wuxuu si firfircoon uga wada shaqeyn la leh Midowga Soofiyeeti. Intaa waxaa dheer, Francois ciyaaray ballaarinta iskaashiga dalalka Afrika.

In 1981, Fransua Mitteran guul weyn - uu noqday madaxweynaha France, laakiin isla sanadkaas, isaga siiyey kale "la yaab" - uu cudurka kansarka. All sano ee boqornimadiisa, intuu tegey qaba kansarka qanjidhka kaadimareenka. Mitterrand diriray u dambeeyey. In 1995 wuxuu soo afjaray xilligaagii labaad ee madaxweynenimada ee xafiiska, iyo at Christmas isaga iyo qoyskiisa lahaa in ay Masar u tag. Laakiin 8 January, 1996-th, 79 th sano, Madaxweynaha th 21 of France Fransua Mitteran degay oo dunida kale. Interest in siyaasadda, iyo jaceylka dalka, ayuu naftiisa oo dhan iyada oo aan gaaban tahay.