Mongol furasho. Zolotaya Orda. duulaankii Mongoliyaan in Russia

Qarnigii XIII ku Mongols dhisay boqortooyadiisa la territory ugu weyn jiidda ee taariikhda aadanaha. Waxaa soo taagay ka soo Russia si ay Southeast Asia ka Korea Bariga Dhexe. Guutooyinkaaga oo ah reer guuraa ku baabbi'iyeen boqolaal magaalooyinka, oo la dilo daraasiin dalalka. Magaca aad u of aasaasihii Mongol ka Empire of Genghis Khan ayaa noqday calaamad u ah oo dhan ee qarniyadii dhexe.

Jin

The Fatxi ugu horeysay Mongol ee Shiinaha saameeyeen. reer guuraa Murashax saxariiriyo kolkiiba ma aha. The War Mongoliyaan-Japanese waxaa loo qaybiyaa saddex marxaladood. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u duulaankii ee Gobolka Jin (1211-1234). Ololaha in hogaaminayo Genghis Khan qudhiisu. Oo ciidankiisii tiriyey a boqol oo kun oo qof. Mongolia biirtay qabiil deriska ah Uighurs iyo Karluk.

marka hore waxaa la qabtay Fuzhou City xagga woqooyi Jin. Ma fog guga ee 1211 waxaa jiray dagaal weyn oo xigtaa ee Ehulin. In dagaalka this shaqaalaha badan oo xirfad ciidan Jin Waxaa la wada baabbi'iyey. Isagoo ku guuleystay guusha ugu weyn, ciidan Mongol ka qarxay Wall Weyn - caqabad hore dhisay weli ka dhanka ah Huns ah. Marka Shiinaha, ayaa bilaabay in ay dhici magaalada Shiinaha. Xilliga jiilaalka, reer guuraa ah ka fariistay si ay steppe, laakiin waxa uu tan iyo markii uu ku soo laabtay guga kasta weerarro cusub.

Under aragtaan of State of steppe Jin bilaabeen inay gooni dhici. Against ku Jurchen, kaas oo xukumi jiray dalka, wuxuu bilaabay inuu qowmiyadaha Chinese mucaaradka iyo Khitan. Qaar badan oo iyaga ka mid ah oo ay taageerayaan Mongols ah, ayaa rajeynaya in ay u isticmaalaan si ay u gaaraan madax-bannaani. xisaabaha Kuwaasu waxay ahaayeen dheel. Burburinayo gobolka ka mid ah dadka, u Genghis Khan weyn ma doonayaan in ay abuuraan xaalad dadka kale. Tusaale ahaan, Somaliland ka Jin Eastern Liao socday sano labaatan weel oo keliya. Mongols farsamo duudduubeen sokeeye ku meel gaar ah. Qab qabashada kuwa ka soo horjeeda ay gargaar, waxay helay takhaluso kuwa iyo "saaxiibbo."

In 1215, Mongols qabsadeen oo gubay in Beijing (markaas dhashay magaca Zhongdu). Ilaa dhawr sano steppe u dhaqmeen sida ay xeeladaha of weerarada. Ka dib dhimashadii Genghis Khan Khagan (Great Khan), wuxuu wiilkiisii Ogedei. Waxa uu u dhaqaaqay xeeladaha of furasho. Marka Ugadei Mongols ugu danbeyn ku biiray Jin inuu boqortooyadiisa. In 1234, taliyihii ugu dambeeyey ee gobolka Aytszun this ka go'an ismiidaamin ah. Mongol duulaankii halakeeyeen ee waqooyiga China, laakiin burburinta Jin bilaw ayuun bay ahayd of March guul oo ka mid ah reer guuraa ah Eurasia.

Xi Xia

Tangut Xi Xia State (Western Xia) ahaa ee dalka soo socda in la guulaystay by Mongols ah. Genghis Khan guulaystay boqortooyadaas ee 1227. Xi Xia qabsadeen dhul galbeed ee qoyskii Jin ah. Waxaa gacanta qayb ka mid ah Great Silk Road ah, oo ballan qaaday reer guuraa Qaniimooyin hodanka ah. Steppe hareereeyey iyo caasimada shaaca Tanguts Chung Hsing. Genghis Khan dhintay, ka soo laabanaya xilli ciyaareedkan. Haddaba dhaxla uu lahaa shaqo ee aasaasihii boqortooyadiisa ku dhameystaan.

Southern Song

The furasho Mongol koowaad ee gobolka, ay abuureen dadyowga aan Shiinaha ee China. Oo Jin iyo Xi Xia ma ahayn Shiinaha in dareen buuxa ee erayga. Chinese Ethnic qarnigii XIII ah, gacanta ku hayso oo keliya qeybta koonfureed ee Shiinaha, halkaas oo waxaa jiray Song koonfurta Empire. Dagaalka bilaabay, iyada oo leh ee 1235.

Qaar ka mid ah sano Mongols ku weeraray Shiinaha, maaanka in isqabqabsi weerarada. In 1238, Sun ayaa ka go'an in ay bixiso baad ah, raaceen by weerarada ciqaab joogsadeen. xabad jilicsan adkeeyey 13 sano. History of the jabsata Mongol ogyahay in ka badan hal jeer. Reer guuraa "kor saaray" la mid ah dalka in ay xooga saarto guulaysanaya deriska kale.

In 1251 a Great Khan cusub noqday Munch. Waxa uu bilaabay dagaal cusub Song ah. At madaxa xilli gudbisay walaalkiis Kublai Khan. Dagaalka oo socday muddo sanado badan. Maxkamad ku gabyeen casaanka 1276, inkastoo halganka kooxo gooni ah oo madax-bannaanida Chinese socday ilaa 1279. Markaas oo keliya ma harqood Mongol dhisay badan oo dhan Shiinaha. Back ee 1271 Kublai Khan aasaasay qoyskii Yuan ah. Waxay meesha ka Shiinaha ilaa qarnigii XIV badhtamaha, markii la afgembiyey by a Red duub caasinimo.

Korea iyo Burma

At xuduudaheeda bari ee gobolka abuuray intii lagu guda jiray jabsata Mongol, wuxuu ahaa dhinac leh Korea. Ololaha millatari ee ka soo hor jeedda bilaabay 1231. Dhamaan raacay by a lix jabsata. Sidaas darteed ka mid ah weeraro ba'an ee Korea noqday State ah inay bixiyaan cashuur Yuan ah. Mongol harqood on gaca ku dhamaatay 1350.

Dhamaadka ka soo horjeeda oo ka mid ah reer guuraa Asian gaadhay xadka jaahilka Kingdom ee Burma. The olole ugu horeysay Mongol ee dalka ka tirsan tahay sannadaha 1270th. Khubilai si joogta ah dib loo dhigay olole go'aan ka dhan jaahilka ah, maxaa yeelay of gaar ah fashilaad ay deriska Vietnam. In Southeast Asia, Mongols ku lahaa si ay ula dagaalamaan ma aha oo kaliya dadka, laakiin sidoo kale la cimilada oo aan caadi ahayn kulaylaha. Ciidamada ayaa ka cabanaya cudurka duumada, taas oo ah sababta oo joogto ah u gurteen inay dhulkii uu ku dhashay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, by 1287 qabsashadii of Burma weli la gaaray.

Duulaankii ee Japan iyo India

oo dhan dagaalladii reer furasho, taas oo bilaabay Wiilashii Genghis Khan ma, guulaysto. Laba jeer (isku day kowaad wuxuu ahaa ee 1274, kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - in 1281) Meqaa isku dayay in uu weeraro Japan. Ujeedada this, Shiinaha waa dhismaha raxan weyn, oo isaguna uma uu analogues ee qarniyadii dhexe. Mongols The lahayn waayo-aragnimo ee navigation. Ay Armada adkaaday maraakiibta Japan. In duulaan labaad ee jasiiradda of Kyushu, soo qayb galay 100 kun oo qof, si kastaba ha ahaatee, oo iyana ma ay awoodaan in ay ku guuleystaan.

dal kale oo aan ka guulaystay by Mongols noqday India. Wiilashii Genghis Khan maqlay oo ku saabsan maal ee dalkan dahsoon iyo riyoodaan inay ka adkaanno. North India wakhtigaas waxaa iska lahaa Saldanada Delhi ee. Waayo, markii ugu horeysay Mongols ku weerareen dhulkeeda ee 1221. Reer guuraa ayaa halakeeyey gobollada oo qaar ka mid ah (Lahore, Multan, Peshawar), laakiin ka hor qabsashadii aan gaadhay. In 1235 waxay ku biirtay ay Power Kashmir. Dhammaadkii qarnigii XIII ku Mongols ku weerareen Punjab iyo xitaa u tageen inay Delhi. Inkastoo xilli burbur, reer guuraa ah aan u suurtagashay in ay galaan a ee Hindiya.

Karakatiyskoe Khanate

In 1218 ku soo sawirtay Mongol, kuwaas oo la diriray ka hor kaliya ee Shiinaha, markii ugu horeysay soo jeestay fardahoodii galbeed. On ay maraan jidkii ahaa Central Asia. Halkan, gayiga Kazakhstan oo casri ah, wuxuu ahaa Qara Khitai ku salaysan Karakitais (qowmiyado ku dhow yahay inuu ku Mongols iyo Khitan).

Xeerarka of State in ay xafiiltamaan muddo dheer Genghis Khan Kuchlug. Diyaarinta si uu ula diriro, Mongols u keenay kooxdiisa qaar ka mid ah dadyowga kale Turkic Semirechye. Reer guuraa ah ayaa taageeray by Arslan Karluk ku Khan oo ahaa taliyihii magaalada Almalyk Bouzar. Intaa waxaa dheer, ay ka caawiyay by yah Muslimiinta, kuwaasoo Mongols ayaa la oggol yahay si ay u qabtaan caabudaadda dadweynaha (oo ma aynu samayn Kuchlug).

Ololaha ka dhanka ah Khitai Qara ka madax by mid ka mid ah myriarchs ugu weyn Genghis Khan Jebe. Waxa uu ka guulaystay Turkestan Bariga iyo toddoba Webiyada. Adkaaday, Kuchlug orday buuraha Pamir. Waxaa uu qabtay iyo in la dilaa.

Khorezm

Fatxi kale Mongol, ee gaaban, waxay ahayd oo keliya talaabada ugu horeysa ee qabsashadii oo dhan of Central Asia. gobol kale oo waaweyn, marka lagu daro Khitai Qara ee la degganaa by Turkiga, Iiraaniyiin ah iyo boqortooyada Islaamiga ah ee Khorezm. Isla mar ahaantaana, waan ogahay waxa uu ahaa Polovtsian ah (Kipchak). In si kale loo dhigo, Khorezm ahaa conglomerate qowmiyadaha adag. isaga ku guuleystay Mongols daabaca isticmaalay burinaya gudaha ee awoodaha waaweyn.

Xitaa Genghis Khan aasaasay Khorezm dusha xiriirka saaxiibtinimo. In 1215, uu u soo diray inuu dalka baayacmushtariyaal ay. World la Khorezm Mongols loo baahan yahay si loo fududeeyo qabsashadii of dhow Qara Khitai. Marka dalkan waxaa ka guulaystay, waxay ahayd Warega of deriskiisa.

conquests Mongol horay ayaa loo yaqaan oo dunida ku, iyo Khorezm in saaxiibtinimada khayaali ah la guuraa ah ayaa lagu daweeyey si taxadir leh. cudur daar ah in ay jebiyaan xiriirka nabad joogow steppe la ogaaday by shil. Guddoomiyaha magaalada Otrar baayacmushtariyadii Mongol looga shakiyay basaasnimo iyo iyaga toogasho ah. Ka dib markii this dagaal rabshado laheyn noqday lama huraan.

Genghis Khan socotay dhanka ah Khorezm ee 1219. Adkaynaya muhiimadda ay duulaan ku, wuxuu watay jidka wiilashiisii oo dhan. Ogedei Chagatai oo u tegey hareereeyaan Otrar. Jochi hogaaminayo ciidanka labaad, isagoo u dhaqaaqay kooxda ka dhisan iyo Jenda Sygnak. ciidanka saddexaad waxaa loogu talagalay Khujand. Genghis Khan isu wiilkiisa Tolu raacay in ay Magaalooyinka qani ku ah Dr Makumbe Samarkand. gelin jiray, oo magaalooyinka oo dhan qabsaday oo waxay dhaceen.

In Samarkand, halkaas oo 400,000 oo qof ku noolaa live waxaa kaliya mid ka mid ah sideed ahaa. Otrar, Jenda, Sygnak iyo magaalooyin badan oo kale ah ee Central Asia ayaa la gebi ahaanba la wada baabbi'iyey (maanta oo kaliya arkaynin Guryohoodii mooyee qaddiimiga ah waa sii raagayaan meeshoodii). By 1.223 Khorezm waxaa ka guulaystay. Mongol furasho daboolay dhul balaaran oo ka Sea Caspian si Indus ah.

Markuu guulaystay Khorezm, reer guuraa qudhiisu helay jidka sii galbeed - on gacanta ku hal Russia, iyo dhinaca kale ah - Bariga Dhexe. Marka Mongol Empire midaysan burburay ee Central Asia baxday Ilkhanate, taas oo meesha ka Wiilashii awow Genghis Khan ayaa Hulagu. boqortooyadaas ka jirey ilaa 1335.

Anatoly

Ka dib markii Fatxi ee deriska Khorezm galbeed ee Mongols noqday Turkiga Seljuk ah. Ay gobolka, Saldanadii Rum, ee ku taalla soohdinta reer Turkey casri ah oo ku saabsan u saarney ee ala Aziya. In deegaanka this waxaa jiray magac kale oo taariikhi ah - Anatoly. Waxa intaa dheer in gobolka Seljuk ah, waxaa jiray boqortooyada Greek - jajabkii ka kacay ka dib markii qabashada Constantinople by Saliibiyiintu iyo dayrta ee Empire Byzantine ee 1204.

Fatxi ee Anatolia ku hawlan temnik Mongoliyaan Baiju, kuwaas oo ahaa taliyihii dalka Iran. Wuxuu u yeedhay Seljuk Sultan Kay-Khusrau II muddici reer guuraa addoon. soo jeedinta wax dulleeya la soo diiday. In 1241, taasoo jawaab u ah demarche Baiju weerareen Anatolia iyo ciidanka inuu ka Erzurum yimid. Ka dib markii la hareereeyo labo bilood oo magaalada ka dhacay. derbiyadeeda waxaa lagu halligay rasaas ka CATAPULT ah, iyo dad badan oo la dilay ama la dhacay.

Kai Khosrow II, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma siin doono. Waxa uu diiwaan taageerada dalalka Giriigga (iyo Trebizond Empire Nicaena), iyo sidoo kale amiirradii Joorijiyaan iyo Armenian. In 1243 isbahaysiga antimongolskoy ciidanka la kulmay duulay ee waadi buur Köse Dagh. Reer guuraa isticmaalay xeeladaha ay ugu jecel yihiin. Mongols The, iska noqda, sameeyey dhaqdhaqaaq been ah oo si lama filaan ah counterattacked soo horjeeda. ciidanka Seljuk iyo xulafadooda loo nabareeyey. Ka dib guushii this, Mongols ku guulaystay Anatolia. Sida ku cad heshiiska nabadda, mid ka mid ah nus ka mid ah Saldanadii Rum waxaa LABAGEEDI OO in ay boqortooyadiisa, oo tan kalena waxay bilaabeen inay bixiso canshuurtiisii ka go'dayna waxay.

Near East

In 1256, awow Genghis Khan ayaa Hulagu keentay duulaan Bariga Dhexe. Ololaha ayaa socday muddo 4 sano ah. Waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah ololaha ugu hami ciidanka Mongol ah. The ugu horeysay ee weerar steppe gobolka Nizari jeestay in Iran. Hulagu gudbay Darya Amu webiga oo qabsaday magaalada Muslim in Kuhistan.

By guuleystay hizaritami, Mongol Khan jeestay fiiro gaar ah u Baghdad, halkaas oo xeerka ka Khaliifkii Al-Mustatim. In Boqortooyada ee la soo dhaafay guri ammaan Abbasid ma uu xoog ku filan in ay iska caabin Horde ah, laakiin waxa uu isku kibriyeen diiday in ay si nabad ah u soo gudbiyaan in shisheeyaha. In 1258, Mongols ku hayeen inay Baghdad. duulay loo isticmaalo hub la hareereeyo, ka dibna wuxuu bilaabay inuu weerar. magaalada ayaa waxaa gebi ahaanba ku hareereysan oo diiday taageero ka baxsan. Labo todobaad kadib, dhacay Baqdaad.

Caasimadda ah ee Abbasid midowga ah, luul ah ee dunida Islaamka, la burburiyey oo dhulka ku. Mongols The uma u tudhin ka taxadiri naqshadda u gaar ah, oo waxay ku baabba'aan akadeemiga, tuuraa buugga Dajla u qiimo badan. boobka ah ee Baqdaad beddelay raso of qiiqaysana burbur. Dhiciddiisa calaamad dhamaadka Da'da Dr Makumbe Golden of Islam.

dhacdooyinkii Baghdad Ka dib wuxuu bilaabay olole Mongol ee Falastiin. In 1260, waxaa qaaday Battle meel of Ain Jaaluud. Masaarida Mamluks adkaaday oo colalkii shisheeyaha. Sababta guuldaradii of Mongols ahaa xaqiiqada ah in ka hor of Hulagu, markaan ogaaday saabsan dhimashada Mangu Hagan, gurteen inay Caucasus. In Palestine, uu ka tagay taliyaha ciidamada Kitbugu wata ciidan yar, taas oo ka adkaadeen kuwo kayeelan waxay si dabiici ah. Dheeraad ah oo galay Dhexe Muslim Bariga, Mongols ma dhaqaaqi karaan. soohdintii ay boqortooyadiisa ku lug Dajla iyo Furaat.

Battle of Kalka ah

Ololaha hore ee Mongols ee Europe bilaabay markii reer guuraa, eryadeen taliyihii carcarara of Khorezm, gaadhay steppe ee Polovtsian. Isla mar ahaantaana u baahan ee guulaysanaya Genghis Khan Kipchak hadlay. In 1220 yimid ciidankii reer guuraaga ah ee Caucasus, halkaas oo u dhaqaaqay World Hore. Waxay halakeeyey dalka dadyowga Lezgin in la joogo-maalin Dagestan. Markaas Mongols ugu horeysay la kulmi la Polovtsy iyo Alans.

Kipchaks, ogaaday khatarta ah ee guests rabin, safaarad inay dalka Ruush soo diray, weydiinaya taliyayaashii Slavic Eastern caawimo gaar ah. Waxaan ka jawaabay baaqa Mstislav Old (Great Prince of Kiev), Mstislav Udatny (Prince Galitsky), Daniil Romanovich (Volynia) Mstislav Svyatoslavich (Chernigov Prince) iyo qaar ka mid ah sayidyo kale.

Waxa ay ahayd 1.223. Princes isku raacay in la joojiyo Mongols ee steppe ee Polovtsian xitaa ka hor inta ay weeraraan laga yaabaa Russia. Inta lagu jiro kulan xulka midoobeen yimid Rurikovich safaaradda Mongoliyaan. reer guuraa Ruush bixiyeen ma inaad u istaagto Polovtsian. Oo amiirradii waxay ku lagu amray in ay dilaan Rasuullada, iyo guurtay steppe ah.

Soon territory ee gobolka casriga ah Donetsk waxaa jiray dagaal naxdinta Kalka ah. 1.223 ahayd sannad qoomamada dalka oo dhan Ruush. Xulafo ah amiirradii iyo Polovtsian guuldarro burburiyo. Ciidamada Mongol Sare adkaaday xulka isu geeyey. Cumans, waad bedellan kartaa hoos ciribtir ah, oo carareen, ka tago ciidamada dalka Ruushka oo aan taageero.

In dagaalka ku dhinteen ugu yaraan 8 amiirradii, oo ay ku jiraan Mstislav Mstislav of Kiev iyo Chernigov. Weheliyaan iyaga waxaa la naftooda ku waayay, boyars badan oo gob ah. calanka Black ahaa dagaalka Kalka ah. 1.223 ayaa laga yaabaa sano ah ee duulaanka buuxa ee Mongols ah, laakiin ka dib markii guul ku daatay ayay iskala hadleen inay u fiican waxay ahayd inuu ku soo laabto degmada gurigooda. Dhowr sanno in madaxda dalka Ruushka ee faraha kartana cusub wax mar dambe maqlay.

Volga Bulgaria

Wax yar ka hor inta uusan dhiman, Genghis Khan boqortooyadiisa qaybsan degaanka ee mas'uuliyadda, madaxa kasta kuwaas oo mid ka mid ah wiilashii guulayste istaagay. Ulus ee steppe ee Polovtsian helay Jochi. Waxa uu xilli hore dhintay, iyo in 1235 by go'aanka Kurultai wiilkiisa Batu bilaabay in uu abaabulo olole ee Europe. Awow ee Genghis Khan soo wada urursaday ciidankiisii weyn oo u tegey ka adkaan Mongols ee dalalka fog.

dhibbanaha koowaad ee duulaanka cusub oo reer guuraa ahaa ayaa bilaabay inay Volga Bulgaria. Tani waa xaalad gayiga Tatarstan casriga ah dhowr sano keentay dagaalka xadka ay la Mongols ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa hadda ku koobnayn oo kaliya a weera ah steppe yar. Haddaba ciidankii reer Batu ahaa size ee ku saabsan 120 kun oo qof. Tani ciidan weyn si fudud u qabsadeen magaalooyinka waaweyn Bulgarian Bulgar Bilyar Dzhuketau iyo Suvar.

Duulaankii of Russia

Markuu guulaystay Bulgaria Volga iyo xulufadiisu ay jabiyo kuwa Xad gudbee Polovtzy sii dhaqaaqay galbeed. Sayidka bilaabay furasho Mongol reer Russia. Bishii December 1237 guuraa waxay ahaayeen gayiga kibir Ryazan ah. Its magaalada la qabsaday oo arxan baabbi'iyey. Modern Ryazan ka Old Ryazan dhisay dersin kiiloomitir yar, goobta oo weli taagan xal Dr Makumbe.

ciidanka Advanced of kibir Vladimir-Suzdal mar Mongols ee dagaalka Kolomna. In dagaalka ku dileen mid ka mid ah wiilashii Genghis Khan - Kyulhan. Si dhakhso ah, dadka faraha badan lagu weeraray by askartii ka mid ah geesiga Ryazan ku Evpatii Kolovrat, kaas oo noqday geesiga qaranka dhabta ah. Inkastoo ay iska caabin madax adag, Mongols u yareyso ciidan kasta oo qaaday kulli magaalooyinkii cusub.

Bilowga ee 1238 dhacay Moscow, Vladimir, Tver, Pereslavl-Zaleski, Torzhok. magaalada yar ee Kozelsk difaacay dheer in Baty, waxaa raze dhulka ku, qalcadda lagu naanayso "magaalada sharka leh". The Battle of City River ee Asluubta gaar ah, amray Burunday temnik halaagnay xulka midoobay Ruush hogaaminayo Vladimir Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, baabbi'in madaxiisa.

In ka badan wax kasta oo magaalo kale Ruush Novgorod nasiib. Qaadashada Torzhok Horde kuma uu dhicin si ay u tagaan meel aad u fog ee waqooyiga qabow iyo koonfurta madax. Sayidka, duulaankii Mongol reer Russia si farxad u tudhay xarunta ganacsiga iyo dhaqanka muhiimka ah ee dalka. Guuray ee deel ee koonfurta, Batu sameeyey nasasho yar. Wuxuu siiyey fatten fardo iyo urursaday ciidankiisii. ciidanka waxaa loo kala qaybiyey dhowr cutub, si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatada mar mar ah dagaalka ka dhanka ah Polovtsy iyo Alans.

Horeba 1239 Mongols ku weerareen koonfurta Russia. In October dhacay Chernigov. Halaag maray Glukhov, Putivl, Rylsk. In 1240, reer guuraa la go'doomiyey oo qaatay Kiev. Soon, qaddar la mid ah la sugayay Galich. Ceyriyeen magaalada Ruush muhiimka ah, Baty sameeyey Rurik addoommo ay. Sayidka bilaabay muddada Horde Golden ah, kaas oo socday ilaa qarnigii XV ah. aayahooda Senior loo aqoonsaday Vladimir kibir. taliyayaashii Its helay Mongols u saamaxdo tuuryo. Habkani Dulleeya kala gooyey oo keliya by kaca ee Moscow.

ololaha Yurub

duulaankii Mongoliyaan ba'an ku Russia ayaa noqday mid ka mid ah la soo dhaafay xilli Yurub. Sii galbeed, reer guuraa ah in soohdimaha Hungary iyo Poland yimid. Qaar ka mid ah amiirradii Ruush (sida Mihail Chernigovsky) u cararay boqortooyada, waydiiso caawimaad ka ciqaab Catholic ah.

In 1241 Mongols ka qaadeen oo la bililiqeystey magaalooyinka Polish Zawichost, Lublin, Sandomierz. Krakow dayrta la soo dhaafay. sayidyada Polish ay awoodaan in ay askareeyaan gargaar oo ka mid ah Jarmalka iyo amarada ciidamada Catholic. Ciidamada isbahaysiga ciidamada ka mid ah ayaa laga adkaaday ee Battle of Legnica. In dagaalka ku dileen Krakow Prince Henry II.

dalka ugu danbeysay inay ka cabanayeen Mongols ah, ayaa noqday Hungary. Oo haysta Carpathians iyo Transylvania, reer guuraa ah shaaca Oradea Temeşvar Eyalet iyo Bistrita. ciidanka Mongoliyaan kale oo kaluu dab iyo seef of Wallachia. ciidanka saddexaad gaaray River Danube iyo waa qabsaday qalcaddii Caraad.

waagaas oo dhan Belac Hungarian Boqorka IV ahayd in Cayayaanka, halkaas oo uu ka soo ururiyey ciidan. Waxaan isaga ka hor tago in Ciidamada uu hogaaminayo Batu diro. Bishii Abriil 1241 Kulmeen Labadii Col ee Battle of Schein Webiga. Béla IV ka adkaadeen. King u cararay dalalka deriska la Austria iyo Mongols ka sii waday in ay ka dheceen wixii dalalkan Hungarian. Batu xataa isku dayeen in ay ka gudbaan Danube iyo weeraraan Roman Empire Quduuska ah, laakiin uu ugu danbeyn ka baxay qorshe this.

Guuritaanka galbeed Mongoliyaan weerareen Croatia (oo sidoo kale ka tirsan Hungary) oo ku baabbi'iyeen Zagreb. unugyada ay horay u gaareen xeebaha badda Adriya hore. Tani waxa ay ahayd soohdinta reer ballaarinta Mongol ah. Reer guuraa ma xirmaan Central Europe si xooggiisa, ayaa ku qanacsanaa dhac dheer. Xuduudaha Horde Golden bilaabeen inay ka gudbaan Dniester ah.