Ku biirista Khanate jaaket ah. Helitaanka in jaaket Gobolka Ruush

Ku biirista Khanate jaaket in ay Russia ayaa lagu xaaladaha taariikh, sida dhowr dalalka aasaasay oo sabab u ah burburkii Horde Golden iyo si joogto ah isu dhex dagaallamaya, waxay khatar ku tahay xuduudda koonfur-bari ee Russia ka. dalka taagta daran, gaar ahaan haddii ay sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa ee u laysaan ee dariiqyada ganacsi, ayaa had iyo jeer loo baahan yahay gargaaraha xoog leh. Oo U Tartami ee xilkaan ahaa ku filan.

Shard of Horde Golden ah

Jaaket Khanate u muuqday in qarnigii XVI ee Volga Hoose ee. Waxaa gobolka Tatar, waxaa la sameeyay ka dib burburkii Horde Golden ah, iyo waxa uu ku yaalaa on Dhiniciisa Midig, Volga ah. Caasimadda ah ee uu - Xacitarxan - ku yaalaa 12 km ka jaaket xaadirka ah. First, in 1460 la aasaasay Horde Big ah, waa qayb ka mid ah gobolada dhexe oo ka mid ah Horde hore ee Golden. Waxaa madax u Han Maxamuud, kuwaas oo fadhiya caasimada ahaa - magaaladii Saaray. Labadiisa wiil ma awood ma wadaagno, iyo Hasim, isagoo u tegey inuu soo qeybaha hoose ee Volga ah, abuuray xaalad gaar ah. madaxbanaanida Full u helay 1502, ka dib markii ay guul ka mid ah ciidamada of Khanate Crimean u sarreeyey ciidanka reer Horde Weyn.

deriskiisa faa'iido

Marka Hasim dhexeeya Moscow, halkaas oo uu ka ahaa Ivan III of, iyo Haji-Tarkhan aasaasay xiriirka ganacsi. Maraakiibta cusbo ka qeybaha hoose ee webiga Volga ee magaalada yimid. All taariikhda Ruush muujinaysaa in ganacsiga la Russia leedahay faa'iidooyin kaliya ee labada dhinac. The Haji-Tarkhan ahaa suuqa a addoon u weyn, oo ku howlan wax soo saarka ka dalal badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Khanate jaaket marna ahaa awoodda madax banaan oo xoog leh. In meel aad u sahlan, waxa uu had iyo jeer ahaa booli oo la jecel yahay in wadamada deriska iyo meelo ka baxsan. Crimean iyo Kazan Khanate, Nogai Horde, gobolka ayaa sidoo kale la aasaasay oo sabab u ah burburkii Horde Golden ah, oo ku yaalla inta u dhaxaysa ee Volga iyo Urals, Khorezm - ma ay naceen inay ku qabsadaan deris taagta daran. Xitaa Turkey isku dayay in la dhiso Khanate ee gacanta.

ciyaar double

Ku biirista Khanate jaaket la qaadan on ajandaha. All taliyayaashii gobolka Tataarka la Moscow ayaa ciyaaro ciyaar double. Inkastoo faa'iidooyinka cad ee ganacsiga iyo saaxiibtinimo leh Russia, Khan Abdul Rahman saxiixday heshiis qarsoodi ah la Crimean iyo Turkey. Inkasta oo hore, ee 1533, sarkhaansan oo ka mid ah "Xisbiga Ruush" aasaasay in uu maxkamadda iyo deeqsinimo leh laaluushay Russia, jaaket Khanate lasoo gabagabeeyay iyadoo Moscow ganacsiga oo la ballaadhiyo iyo heshiis siyaasadeed, taas oo ay ka hadlay saaxiibtinimada iyo gargaarka labada dhinac. xiriir toos ah Khanate jaaket bilaabay inta lagu guda jiro boqortooyada Ivan Xun ee. hakadgeliyay Moscow Derviş Ali iyo Abdul-Rahman ka 1533 si ay u 1556 dhawr jeer ku guulaysatay kasta oo kale oo carshiga.

hakadgeliyay A of Crimean iyo Turkey

Kaliya sannadaha 1552-1554 ee ay halganka ku guulaysteen in ay cabaar hakadgeliyay kale ee Crimean - Yamgurchi kuwaas oo dhaqanka, oo ay ku jirto qabashada iyo Hijrooday ee safiirka Ruushka, si careysan by markaas ahaa taliyihii Russia, waxay in 1554 uu mar hore qabsaday safar ugu horeeyay ee derbiyada Xacitarxan . Laakiin goysiga ah ee Khanate jaaket lahaa aan weli dhalan goolka. Waxay rabeen in ay ku riday xoog wiilkaagiiba ee Moscow, isaga fadhiisiyo carshiga reer isku Derviş Ali. Dhinaca mid, ka dib markii dayrta ee Kazan Astrakhanskoye nuglaanta Satlaytaka kibir joogsadeen dhaqmaan la Moscow Nimadooda Darteed. Oo dhinaca kale ah - xoojiyey tallaabo wadajir ah oo ka mid ah Crimea iyo Turkey, taas oo uu bixiyo taageerada Yamgurchi. Boobka oo xiriir ah in ay mid ka mid ah jasiiradaha Ambassador Caspian Sevastyana Avraamova si careysan Ivana Groznogo, in hoos Volga ee loo diray Strugi si fiican u qalabaysan 30 kun-ciidamada. Waxay keentay Ignatius Veshnyakov iyo Yuri Pronskiy-Shemyakin. Laga soo qayb this gaari ciidamada iyo daraawiishtii Ali. Prince Vyazemsky la askartii ka mid ah 2,500 oo rag iyo Danila Chulkov leh qaababka badan oo Cossacks ah si gooni gooni ah u dhaqmeen.

la'aanta ah ee pragmatism

All taariikhda Ruush bara colka dalkeena ha ku caayin iyo inay si ixtiraam leh u dhaqmaan isagoo leh xoog badan, maxaa yeelay, gaariga daruuri iman doonaa. "Amarkooda jaaket" bilaabeen in May. All ciidamada Ruush ah ayaa la moodayay in ay la kulmaan iyo midoobaan degaanka ee barta narrowest dhexeeya Volga iyo Don, loo yaqaan Perevoloki. Tani waxay sidoo kale lahaa in ay u soo dhowaan ciidamada-Nogai Horde Khan Ismail, gargaarka oo la sameeyo by version-ka rasmiga ah ee xilli ciyaareedka. Waxay uma aan iman, laga yaabee maxaa yeelay, "East - arrin xasaasi ah." Laakiin oo dhan kooxo isku mid ah iyo Viazemsky Pronsky wada burburin baxay inuu ka hor tago daafac ee Khanate jaaket ah, ku dhex jirtay Janissaries ah. Yamgurchi u cararay Azov, ka tago wax kasta - naagood (dalada dhalinyarada), carruurta guriga naagaha. Caasimadda ah la qaatay dagaal la'aan. On carshiga ku fadhiyey hakadgeliyay ah Moscow, furtaa iyada ugu dhaarateen daacad.

Mar kale "qaadin" isla

Laakiin lifaaqa dhabta ah ee Khanate jaaket ka dib dhacay. Markaa baa waxaa ka go'dayna waxay qarka u saaran inay bixiyaan ahayd xad-dhaaf ah (1200 rubles lacagta, 3000 sturgeon 2.5 mitir, ganacsiga xorta ah oo dhan Khanate ah), ama hawada magaalada ahayd sida, laakiin daraawiishtii Ali, saddex jeer perching on Moscow carshiga, si qarsoodi ah madaxyo simanna leh Crimean iyo Turkey. The dadaalka wadajirka ah ee isutagga wuxuu doonayaa baxsado of Ismail, iyo, ugu dambeyntii obnaglev, jaaket Khan ka caasimadda ah taliyaha Ruush soo diro. Waxay, dabcan, la weydiiyay waxa loogu talagalay, iyo hadda buuxda oo la xidhiidha dhabta ah ee Khanate jaaket si Russia ahaa lama huraan.

Ciqaabi iyo lifaaq

Ujeedada March labaad on jaaket, bilaabay guga ee 1556, waxay ahayd tirtiridda dhamaystiran oo madaxbannaanida Khanate ah. ciidanka isku dhafan, dhab ahaantii, waxa ay aheyd ciqaab. Waxay ka koobnayd qaansoleydii iyo maleeshiyada Vyatka, Volga iyo Cossacks Don ah ilaa Maarso kasta on iyaga u gaar ah si la isugu keeno meel u dhow jaaket. Tirada guud ee ciidamada ma badnayn 3,000, taasoo muujinaysa daciifnimo Khanate kuwa iskibriya. Dhab ahaantii, magaaladii la qabsaday oo kaliya in ay derbiyadeeda iman askartii ugu horeysay ee Cossacks Volga ee hoos imaanaya hoggaanka Lyapunov Filimonov. Iyo, inkasta oo in koorsada of Derviş Ali suurtagashay in ay jiid ciidamada oo ka mid ah ciidamada Ruush, guul ahaa complete, iyo jaaket oo aan wax heshiis galay Russia.

Next - Trans-Urals iyo Waqooyiga Caucasus

Ku biirista jaaket Khanate ah, taariikhda - August 26, 1556, waxa uu ahaa dhiig oo uu door muhiim ah suuska kama dambaysta ah ee haraadiga Horde Golden ah. Tartiib tartiib, waxay ahaayeen qayb ka mid ah Russia ama qirtay tiirsanaanta wiilkaagiiba waxa on: in 1557 - Horde Nogai ah, ka dibna sannaddii isla Bashkiria. Oo 1560 xadka gobolka Ruush bari ka dhacaan Urals ah, ee koonfur-bari - weheliyaan Terek ah. In jiritaan, Kazan iyo jaaket ku Khanate dhici furay jid u noqota horumarinta ee Russia u Urals, Terek iyo Kuban. Ka dibna si dalkeenna waxaa jiray su'aal ku saabsan wax lays ee Urals iyo Waqooyiga Caucasus. Laakiin waxay ahayd su'aasha ah siyaasadda arrimaha dibadda ee mustaqbalka Russia ee, oo waxaa ku soo biiray gobolka Volga qarnigii XVI Ivanom Groznym ee buuxa, ay shardi tahay in ganacsiga waajib-free ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, qabsashadii ka mid ah Khanate of jaaket ayaa la siiyaa difaac soohdimaha Russia ee xagga koonfureed, oo ka Crimean Khanate ah, a cadowgaygii xoogga badnaa oo joogto ah.