Ferrous iyo biraha non-ferrous. Isticmaalka, biraha non-ferrous. Biraha Non-ferrous - waa ...

Biraha nagu wareegsan walba iyo meel walba. Maanta waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah waxyaabo badan oo aan u isticmaalno maalin kasta. Kaliya fiiri agagaarka qolka meesha aad joogto, si ay u fahmaan waxa ay dhab ahaantii waa.

Xitaa dugsiga, waxaynu og nahay in qalabka macdanta oo dhan waxa lagu kala qaybiyey laba kooxood oo waaweyn - Biraha ferrous cuntrooyinka. Taas oo iyaga ka mid ah waxaa iska leh koox, waana inaan si aad u ogaato. Maxay yihiin macdanaha non-ferrous jira on dhulkeenna?

Waa maxay bir madow

By "biraha ferrous" waxa loola jeedaa bir category oo dhan Alloys ay, kuwaas oo hadda jira. bir saafi ah waxaa laga helaa marka laga reebo in kaliya in laboratories cilmi. Tani inta badan waa bir.

Noocan ah biraha waxaa la aasaasay by xeryahooda oo bir ah la carbon oo intaa dheer ee xubno dheeraad ah oo la siiyo birta taasoo keentay sifooyinka kala duwan ee looga baahan yahay in soo saaridda gaar ah (tus, magnetic).

Iron iyo Steel

Sida caadiga ah, ee wax soo saarka ee biraha ferrous tijaabiyey dhowr marxaladood caadiga ah: saarista ore iyo sida loo daweeyo foorno qarax. Intaas ka dib birta waa la helay, taas oo markii danbe ay helaan cayn kasta oo bir iyo bir Alloys. Recent inta badan loo isticmaalaa in industry culus. Taas bedelkeeda, biraha non-ferrous waa walax jilicsan isagoo guryaha ka yara duwan, waxay waxaa loo isticmaalaa in meel kale.

Halabuurka bir ah waxaa ka mid ahaa 93% bir ah oo ku saabsan 3-5% carbon daray xubno haraaga ah in tiro yar. Qoraalkan waxaa dhif ah loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka sababtoo ah waxa ay leedahay friability ah. Waa la arki karaa in soo saaridda of noocyo ka mid ah tuubooyinka, khaanadaha ama khaanadaha. Laakiin inta badan mugga soo saaray birta doofaarka (90%) la farsameeyo galay steel.

The nooc oo waaweyn oo bir, taas oo ka samaysan yihiin bir yihiin, carbon iyo carbon hooseeya (qallafiyey) steel, ahama, ferritic-chrome, chrome, martensite-chrome, chrome-vanadium-alloyed, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum iyo steel manganese.

iron ore

In foomka saafi ah, element ee miiska wareegsan waxaa jira qolof Dhulka ee ah xaddi halkii yar (oo kaliya 5.5%). Laakiin waxaa aad u badan oo qayb ka mid ah oo kala duwan senti bir ah.

The kayd ugu weyn (margin ka badan 30 trillion tons) waa lakab oo quartzite ferruginous, kuwaas oo da'doodu ka badan tahay laba bilyan oo sano. Waxay faaftaa inta badan meelaha sida North iyo South America, Africa, Hindiya iyo West Australia.

Waa maxay a non-birta ferrous

Koox kale oo badan oo macdanaha, ka duwan mid ka mid ah la soo dhaafay, waxay leedahay guryaha jilicsan, way ka sii caag yihiin, hantidaan conductivity kaamerada iyo korontada, iska caabin ah daxalka, iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

Biraha Non-ferrous - magac wadajir ah oo dhan biraha iyo Alloys ay, marka laga reebo birta. Waxay weli la odhan karaa waa "Biraha non-ferrous", taas oo ah cadaalad ah oo kaliya.

Biraha cuntrooyinka waa:

- Gold, lacag, platina (birta qaaliga ah);

- aluminium, titanium, magnesium, lithium, beryllium (iftiinka);

- copper, iyo waxa daasadda, lead, zinc, Cobalt, nickel (daran);

- niobium, molybdenum, zirconium, chromium, tungsten (madax adkaadeen);

- indium, gallium, thallium (kala firdhiyey);

- scandium, yttrium iyo dhammaan lanthanides ah (dhif);

- xubno radium, technetium, actinium, Polonium, thorium, francium, uranium iyo transuranic (radioactive).

Taariikhda metallurgy non-ferrous

Biraha Non-ferrous maanta si weyn loo isticmaalaa in mashiinada, warshadaha kiimikada, dhismaha iyo meelo badan oo kale ee wax soo saarka. Thanks to horumarka sayniska iyo farsamada baaxadda wax this waxaa si joogto ah la ballaariyo, iyo technology-soo-saarka macdanaha sii si loo hagaajiyo.

Waqti ka, isticmaalka Biraha non-ferrous koray, taas oo keentay in helitaanka xubno cusub iyo magacyada. More iyo ka badan oo bilaabay in loo isticmaalo wax soo saarka biraha. In qarnigii 20aad, waxa loo adeegsaday ku saabsan 15 horyaal, oo sano oo kaliya 50 ka dib - laba jeer ka badan. Maanta isticmaalaa in ka badan 70 Biraha kala duwan, taas oo inta badan ka mid ah hadda loo yaqaan.

heerka koritaanka baahida Biraha non-ferrous culus ay sabab u ahayd baahida sii kordhaysa ee warshadaha dagaal, (waayo, wax soo saarka ee rasaasta), laakiin kooxda iftiinka loo adeegsado warshadaha aerospace iyo meesha bannaan ee.

Group of jir ah oo sharaf leh ballaaran loo isticmaalo in laga sameeyo dahabka iyo sharraxay. In the 90s ee qarnigii 20aad 78% dahab ah, 36% platina iyo 15% oo lacag ah ayaa la isticmaalo ujeeddooyin kuwan. Haddii aad qaadato meelaha kale in ay isticmaalaan Biraha non-ferrous qaali ah, - wax soo saarka elektaroonik ah (contacts dahab ah ee qalabka), wax soo saarka baabuurta (oo ku saabsan 43% ka mid ah platina), iyo lacag ayaa loo isticmaalo soo saaridda ee filimada iyo waxyaabaha sawiro.

Biraha Gaar ahaan non-ferrous

Mid kasta oo ka mid ah macdanaha kooxdan wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin kaas oo qeexaya in intooda badan ay leeyihiin ku daraa. Waxa kale oo ka dhigaysa isticmaalka Biraha non-ferrous in warshado badan.

Sidaas daraaddeed, tusaale ahaan, inta badan oo ka mid ah waxaa lagu gartaa awoodda sare kulaylka iyo conductivity kaamerada, kaas oo uu iyaga ka siinayo awood u leh inay si deg deg ah la qaboojiyey ka dib markii alxanka. Waxaa jira biyodiiday in this: marka la biraha sida magnesium iyo copper ka shaqeeya, waa in si degdeg ah loo kululeeyey hor alxanka, iyo inta lagu guda jiro geeddi-socodka laftiisa waa in la dalbadaa il xoog kulaylka, oo sidaas daraaddeed iyagu aan la qaboojiyey.

Muuqaal kale oo caan ku yahay dhimista ee guryaha farsamo. In view of baahida loo qabo in si taxadar leh la shaqeeyo si looga hortago calaamadaha lahayo.

Biraha Non-ferrous in nidaamka kulaylku si firfircoon galo dareen-celin la gaasas ka. Muuji hantida this of titanium, molybdenum iyo tantalum.

Kooxdaan Biraha noqon kartaa hawlgal muddo dheer, balse waa in ay laga ilaaliyo oxygen, taas oo baabi'inaysa biraha. Ujeedada this, kirishbooyada, tusaale ahaan, waxa daboola varnish difaac. biraha Pre nidaamka priming kasteba laba lakab.

senti copper

Noocan ah ore waa kuwa ugu badan ee "midabka" category. biraha Tani waxay sidoo kale waxa uu leeyahay duurka ku ubalaadhan codsiga: dhismaha, warshadaha tamarta, aeronautics, daawada, wax soo saarka ee exchangers kulaylka wax ku ool ah iyo kuwo kale oo badan.

Meelaha kayd copper ayaa sidoo kale kala duwan. Maanta, muhiimadda ugu weyn waxaa ku lifaaqan ee senti interspersed saboolka ah (nooc porfirovannogo) kuwaas oo soo saaray craters Kobenhagen. Xirrira curiye kiimiko ka xal kulul oo isagay qolalkiisa magma ah. sahayda badan oo ore this waxa uu ku yaalaa on dhulka ee North iyo South America.

nooc kale oo senti copper - pyrite, waxaa soo bixiyay hoose ee badaha iyo moolalka. Source - dhulka in Urals ah.

Iyo meel kale oo badan oo senti sida waa sandstones copper (Chita Oblast ee Russia, Katanga ee Africa).

Sayidka, biraha non-ferrous - wax lagama maarmaan ah, waayo dad badan oo ah waxyaalaha na hareerayn.