Faraqa Limited-warqada: sida ay u shaqayso?

Ereyga "qufulka kala duwan" ama "kala duwan kooban-warqada" (samoblok), maqlay by darawallada badan, laakiin sida habka u eg ku dhaqanka, kaliya ogaada yar. Oo haddii sida ka hor inta an automakers "doorasho" ku qalabaysan inta badan SUVs, hadda waxa laga heli karaa oo waa baabuur magaalo. Intaa waxaa dheer, inta badan milkiilayaasha baabuurta ma qalabaysan samoblokami, ogaaday faa'iidooyinka ay keenaan, naftaada iyaga ku rakibi.

Laakiin ka hor inta aan la Howlaha of kala duwan ah warqada kooban ka qaban, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la fahmo sida ay u shaqeeya oo aan ka xanibeen.

Waa maxay faraqa u

Kala duwan (Diif) unbaa loo arki karaa mid ka mid ah xubno ugu muhiimsan ee design drivetrain gaariga. waxaa la, waxaa jira kala iibsiga, isbedelka iyo qaybinta Xuddunta engine outputted u dhexeeya labo ka mid ah macaamiisha: giraangiraha ku taalla mid ka mid ah dhidibka of mishiinka ama inta u dhaxaysa oo ulahooda wareejiya ay. ciidanka qaybiyey socodka tamarta Oo weliba waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan marka loo baahdo, iyo halkan xawaaraha giraangiraha - kala duwan.

gudbinta kala duwan gaariga lagu hagaajin karo: Guryaha a gadaal dariiq dhexaad, CAT iyo haddii ay dhacdo kala iibsiga, iyadoo ku xiran qalab drive ee (s).

diffs kuwa, kuwaas oo dhajinta in buundada ama PPC, loo yaqaan interwheel, iyo oo ku yaalla dhexeeya faasas mishiinka, siday u kala horreeyaan - ACD.

faraqa ujeeddo

Sida uu si fiican u yaqaan, gaariga halka baabuur-wadidda qabata dagaaleed kala duwan, markooda, dib u dhiska, dhaafaya, iwm Sidoo kale, oogada waddada ku jiri kara khaladaad, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in giraangiraha gaariga ku xiran tahay xaaladda, mid ka mid ah iyo waqti isku mid ah awoodo .. mari masaafo kala duwan. Sidaa darteed, tusaale ahaan, marka cornering, haddii xawaaraha giraangiraha on dariiq dhexaad ka noqon doonaan kuwa isku, mid ka mid ah ciday simbiriirixan doonto, taasoo keentay in ay xirtaan degdegsiimada ee taayirada. Laakiin tani ma aha xumaa. Inta badan ka xun yahay in xaqiiqda ah in gaariga waxa si wayn u maaraysay dhimay.

Taasi waa si ay u xaliyaan dhibaatooyinka sida oo lala iman lahaa faraqa - farsamo in-qeybiso doonaa tamarta soo socda ka engine ee, ka dhexeeya oo ulahooda wareejiya gaadhiga oo waafaqsan qiimaha caabiga rogid: yaryar waa, xawaaraha wheel weyn, iyo qeybsanaan.

kala duwan ayaa

Maanta, waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ka mid ah Diif, iyo qalab ay tahay halkii ay u adag. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, mabda'a waa shaqo la mid ah oo dhan, sidaa darteed waxa ay noqon doontaa fudud si ay u fahmaan si ay u eegaan nooca ugu fudud - faraqa u furan, taas oo ka kooban oo ka mid ah arrimaha soo socda:

1. Yeelanaya dhajinta on usheeda dhexe dariiq dhexaad ah.
2. Kexeeyey (ring) marsho, loogu talagalay sida koorta ah la keenin wax.
3. Pinion go'an in dhamaadka usheeda dhexe drive ah, taas oo si wadajir ah ula giraanta foomamka gudbinta ugu weyn. Tan iyo marsho u kexeeyey oo waa hogaanka u weyn, ugu dambaysta waxay yeelan doonaan si ay u sameeyaan dhowr markooda hareeraha dhidibka hor taajkii laga sameeyey oo kaliya hal. Sidaa darteed, labadan element kala duwan yaraynaysaa inta tamar (speed), taasoo ugu dambaynta gaaro giraangirihii.
4. Satalayt, taas oo samaysa hab marsho caalamka in ay door muhiim ah ka bixinaya faraqa u lagama maarmaan ah in xawaaraha giraangirta.
5. Housing.

Sidee kala duwan ee

Inta lagu jiro si toos ah wadidda uu semi-dhidibka, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in giraangirihiina way isku shaandheyn xawaare la mid ah sida usheeda dhexe drive la marsho helical ah. Laakiin halka jeestay load a on wheel uu noqdo mid ka duwan (mid ka mid ah waxa uu isku dayayaa in ayna miiqdaan dhakhso), oo ay sabab u tahay taas farqiga satalayt reeban. Haddaba, awoodda engine waa soo gudubtaa iyaga, iyo sidoo kale labo ka mid ah Satellite - laba oo kala duwan, qalabka madax bannaan, ka dibna lagu kala qaado si semiaxes kala duwan xawaaraha ugu weyn. Sidaas darteed, awoodda ee ay engine la qaybiyey kala dhex martaa giraangiraha, laakiin u di'in, oo ku xiran load ku simaha iyaga on: waxa guuro on gacan dibadda, waayo-aragnimo iska caabin rogid yar, si kala duwan u gudbiya isaga u tamar badan, daadgureyntaasi dhakhso.

Farqiga u yahay sida cross-dhexaad iyo faraqa u dhexeeya dariiq dhexaad, waxaa jira: mabda'a hawlgalka ay la mid, kaliya in qofkii ugu horreeyey ee, qaybinta Xuddunta la faray in ay dhidibka ee gaariga, halka kii labaadna wuxuu ahaa - in giringirihiisuna on dariiq dhexaad ka mid ah.

Baahida loo qabo of kala duwan interaxle noqdo gaar ahaan inta lagu jiro dareemi dhaqdhaqaaqa mishiinka on dhul xunxunna marka ay miisaan u riixay on dariiq dhexaad ah, taas oo ka hooseeya kan kale, tusaale ahaan, intii ka ama hoos u.

dhibaato kala duwan

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in duwan ee dhab ahaan kaalin wayn ka design ka mid ah gaariga ciyaari doono, uu shaqada mararka qaarkood waxay abuurtaa dhibaatooyin darawalka. Magac ahaan, markii wheel mid yahay qaybta a simbiriirixo leh wadada (wasakh, baraf ama barafka), ka kale waxa uu ku yaalaa dhulka adag, bilaabataa in ay la kulmaan load dheeraad ah, Diif isku dayo in this saxo, engine ku redirects tamarta ee wheel dhaqaaq. Sidaas darteed, waxa ay u muuqataa in uu helo wareeg ugu badan, halka kale, isagoo gacanta ku dhagan on dhulka, si fudud ayaa weli taagan.

qufulka in ay xal u ah dhibaatooyinkan waxaa been abuurtay (Disable) kala duwan ee.

Joojinta mabda 'iyo noocyada ay

Fahmaan mabaadi'da kala duwan ee, waxaannu ku tirinnaa karaa in haddii aad u xannibi, badin doonaa Xuddunta ah on wheel ama dariiq dhexaad in uu leeyahay gacanta ka wanaagsan. Taas waxaa la samayn karaa marka aad u biiriyo jirka ka mid ah mid ka mid ah labada kulan ee semi-faasas, ama si ay u joojiyaan wareeg ee satellite ah.

qufulka wuxuu noqon karaa dhamaystiran - oo qayb ka ah faraqa u xiran yihiin dhab ah. Waxaa guud ahaan waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyadoo adeegsanayo xajin eyga iyo gacanta darawalka dhex leewarka gaar ah ka cab gaariga. Ama waxaa laga yaabaa in qayb ahaan, kaas oo kiiska giraangirihiina loo kala qaado oo keliya dadaal kooban - si waddaa kala duwan kooban-warqada ah, kaas oo ku lug aadanaha ayaa loo baahan yahay.

Sidee faraqa kooban-warqada

Is-quful kala duwan, muhiimad ahaan ka dhigan tanaasul u dhexeeya block guud oo lacag la'aan ah Diffie iyo yaraynaysaa warqada of giringirihii mishiinka haddii ay dhacdo farqiga u dhaxeeya Wehliyaha ee xigay dhulka la. Sidaas darteed, si weyn u soo hagaagtay dhex, off-road maaraynta, iyo dardargelinta firfircoon ee gaariga, eegin tayada wadada.

Samoblok reebaysa qufulka shaagga buuxa ka ilaaliya badhkiis-line xamuulka muhiim ah in uu dhici karaa in Farqiga calaamadaha la xiritaanka qasabka ah.

Quful leh semi-si toos ah ahaaneysa haddii mooshinka rectilinear xawaaraha wheel la barbareeyay.

Noocyada ugu badan ee samoblokov

samoblok disc - set oo ah khilaaf (xoqeen) saxannada Jaha dhexeeya guryaha Diffie iyo geerka kooxda.

Si loo fahmo sida ay u shaqayso la unit kala duwan ee, waa ay fududahay: sida mishiinka u safri in xariiq toosan, guryaha Diffie iyo laba semiaxes wada socdeen warar sida ugu dhakhsaha badan uu jiro farqi u of xawaare wareeg (wheel helay on qayb sibiibix ah) u dhexeeya khilaaf ka saxannada dhacdaa, anagoo nusqaamin. Taasi waa, wheel haray dhulka ku adag tahay, inay sii wadi doonaan isku shaandheyn iyo ma joojin doono, sida ay dhacdo kala duwan oo lacag la'aan ah.

xigay culus, ama haddii kale u xigay culus, sidoo kale Diif hore waxaa ku jira labo set disc, markan keliya dalool aasaasay isu farqiga yar. Mid ka mid ah saxannada leeyahay xajin a la guryaha, ka kale - la qodaa drive ah.

cajaladood oo waxaa la gelinayaa weel dheecaan silicone, taas oo loogu talagalay wareeg uniform dhanba waxba iskama ka buuxsamay. Marka-baakadda inter u muuqataa farqiga ee xawaaraha, dareeraha bilaabaa in uu si degdeg ah iyo si xoog leh dhumuc. Inta u dhaxaysa meelaha dalool iska caabin baxdo. xirmo Too untwist sidaas braked iyo xawaaraha wareeg waafaqsan.

marsho A (helical, dixirigoodu) samoblok. Shuqulkiisa ku salaysan yahay awoodda riving labada ciyaaryahan dixiri, Kuna xannibi badhkiis-line in ay dhacdo iyaga ka mid ah farqiga u Xuddunta.

samoblok Cam. Si aad u fahamto sida kala duwan oo ah nooca bandhigaan kala duwan ku filan oo furan, taas oo halkii hab ay marsho Planetary Jaha geerka (Cam) ee labada. cams waxaa wareejiyo (boodi) marka xawaaraha wheel waa ficil ahaan isku mid ah oo dhab ah qufulan (wedged) sida ugu dhaqsaha badan qaar ka mid ah bilaabo inuu simbiriirixan.

Farqiga u yahay sida qufulka xarunta kala duwan iyo cross-dhexaad, ma - socod waa isku mid, kala duwan oo kaliya in qodobada final in kiiska ugu horeeya - labada buundooyinka, labaad - laba giraangirood oo dhajinta on dhidibka isku.

Patriotic "Nivå" iyo Farqiga calaamadaha ay

In line ee gudaha Vaz "Nivå" meel gaar ah, in la barbardhigo ay "qaraabo" on suunka conveyor ah, mishiinka ku qalabeysan yahay drive afar-wheel aan la bakhtiiyey.

In SUV vazovskaya gudbinta jira saddex kala duwan: cross-dhexaad - in buundada kasta, iyo interaxle - in razdatke. In kasta oo ay u badan, in ay mar kale la fahmo sida ay u shaqeeyaan oo kala ah on the "Cornfield", muhiim ma aha. All si la mid ah sida kor lagu sharaxay. Taasi waa, halka dhaqdhaqaaqa si toos ah-line ee mashiinka, ay ka maqan yihiin probuksovok on giraangiraha, jar dhexeeya helna iyo qiime isku mid ah. Markii qaar ka mid ah giraangirihiina bilaabo inuu simbiriirixan, tamarta oo dhan engine ah, oo maraya diffs ah, waxaa loo soo diray in ay wheel this.

Farqiga calaamadaha quful "Nivå"

Ka hor inta aan ka hadlo oo ku saabsan sida ay ku shaqeeyaan qufulka kala duwan oo ku saabsan "Cornfield" ah, waa in aan la soco hal shay, kuwaas oo ah in la caddeeyo hawlaha hore (yar) xamili kiiska kala iibsiga.

Qaar ka mid ah darawalada waxay aaminsan yihiin in iyadoo la kaashanayo of mishiinka waxaa soo jeestay on drive hor-wheel - saas ma aha, xagga hore iyo drive gadaal-wheel ee "Nivå" ayaa had iyo jeer ku lug leh, iyo qalin this waa la fuliyay Qoraalkan gacanta kala duwan. Taasi waa, ilaa ay ku rakiban ee "Weeraryahanka" jago, kala duwan waxaa si caadi ah oo ka hawlgala, iyo marka "dib" - naafada ah.

Haddaba si toos ah on xanibeen: marka bedesheen off fallaadhihii kiiska kala iibsiga kala duwan u dhexeeya gacmo xiran, oon qasab simaya ay xawaaraha wareeg, i.e. xawaaraha isku giringirihii dariiq dhexaad hore waa loo siman yahay si guud ee marsho dambe. Qaybinta dhacdaa jihada ku riixdaan ee iska caabin weyn. Ka soo qaad ay ku ururisaa wheel gadaal, haddii aad jeesan qufulka, jar aado dariiq dhexaad hore, giraangirihiina kuwaas oo u taagay gaariga, laakiin haddii waqti isku mid ah zabuksuet wheel gadaal iyo hore, ka dibna on iyaga u gaar ah "Nivå" waxaa mar dambe soo fuulaa.

Si looga hor ka dhacaya, darawallada in buundooyinka dhigay samobloki si ay u caawiyaan jiid mishiinka buuxda. Si aad u taariikhda, ugu dhex milkiilayaasha "Nivå" caansan waa faraqa u Nesterov.

Samoblok Nesterov

Taasi waa sida kala duwan Nesterov ah, oo qarsoodi ah ee uu caan.

design Difa ogolaanaya ma aha oo kaliya in ay fiican loogama qabsato ka xawaare angular giraangiraha mishiinka marka dagaaleed, laakiin ay dhacdo unit probuksovok ama daah wheel isaga siinayaa qadar yar oo ah awood ka engine ah. Iyo wax ka qabashada samobloka in la beddelo xaaladda waddada dhakhso. Sidoo kale, Nesterova kala duwan si weyn u soo hagaagaysa gacanta mashiinka, xataa on markooda sibiibix ah, wanaajisaa xasiloonida wadista, wadista dhaqdhaqaaqa dardargelinta (gaar ahaan xilliga qaboobaha), hoos u dhigta isticmaalka shidaalka. rakibaadda qalab A uma baahna wax isbedel ku design ee gudbinta iyo ayaa lagu wadaa in si la mid ah sida kala duwan ee classic.

kala duwan ayaa laga codsadaa oo keliya ma aha ee technology baabuurta, waxaa cadaatay in ay aad u faa'iido badan iyo ingaga, aad bay u fududeeyo doonaa nolosha leh.

Duwanaanshaha for motoblock

Ku socon-ka danbeeya cagaf - unit waa arrin culus, iyo in ay si fudud u soo noqdaan waxay u baahan tahay wax badan oo dadaal, iyo xawaare wheel angular aan caadi ahayn waxa uu noqonayaa mid aad u adag. Sidaa darteed, milkiilayaasha makiinadaha haddii diffs aan la sii ogaan hore la qorsheeyo, iibka iyo iyaga naftaada ku rakibi.

Sidee motoblock kala duwan? Dhab ahaantii, waxa keliya oo ay siisaa jeedo fudud ee mashiinka, mid ka mid ah giraangirihiina joojinta.

Its shaqo kale waa gudaheedana sinaba uma ay la xiriira qaybin awoodda - waa in la kordhiyo saldhig giraangirta. design kala duwan siinayaa isticmaalkeeda sida dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah faasaska, taas oo ka dhigaysa socod-ka danbeeya cagaf ayaa in ka badan dhiifoon iyo adkaysi u soo dhicin, gaar ahaan marka cornering.

Marka la soo koobo, faraqa labada - wax aad u faa'iido badan iyo lagama maarmaan, iyo qufulka waqtiyo kordhiyaa permeability gaariga.