Dhexdhexaadiyayaal bararka: soocidda

muuqaalka kore ee geedi socodka bararka jawaab u factor bahal tahay ficil ku filan ee u shaqeeyo. Caabuq - geeddi-socodka oo adag in uu yeesho heer maxalli ah ama guud dhacda jawaab u wakiilada ajnabiga ah. Hawsha ugu wayn ee soo koraya jawaab bararka faray at baabi'inta saameynta ay ku bahal ah iyo dib u soo kabashada ee jirka. dhexdhexaadiyayaal bararka jira dhex- ah, waxaa si toos ah lug ku hawlgaladaa.

Si kooban on mabaadi'da hawomareenka

habka difaaca jirka - ilaaliyaan caafimaadka dadka. Marka loo baahan yahay waa in ay galaan dagaalka iyo dila bakteeriyada, fayrasyada, fangaska. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, la nooleynta wanaajiyey ee geedi socodka of sheyga la dagaalanka waxaa lagu arki karaa aragga ama dareemaan muuqaalka kore ee sawirka caafimaad. Waa in kiisaska noocaas ah caabuq uu yeesho sidii jawaab difaaca ee jirka.

Geeddi-socodka waa jawaab bararka ba'an iyo chronic ay socodka. Midkii kowaad wuxuu u soo baxdo ka tallaabo diiqayaa factor lama filaan ah (trauma, dhaawac, saamayn xasaasiyad, infection). caabuq daran waa daba dheeraaday oo ka yar fahmayaan calaamado clinical.

In case of jawaabta hoose ee nidaamka difaaca ee aaga ee dhaawac ama ku dhaawacmeen calaamadaha fal-celin bararka socda halkaas,

• xanuun,
• barar, barara,
• barrar maqaarka ;
• xad gudub ku ah gobolka functional;
• hyperthermia (kaca heerkulka).

stage bararka ee horumarinta

Geedi socodka ah ee caabuq ku salaysan yahay is dhexgalka ah wadajira ee maqaarka arrimaha difaaca, dhiigga iyo unugyada difaaca jirka. Isla markiiba ka dib marka uu sheegay wakiilka ajnabi ah, jirka oo jawaab by vasodilatation maxaliga ah ee degaanka dhaawac toos ah. Waxaa kor u of permeability derbiga iyo sidii loo xoojin lahaa microcirculation deegaanka. Wada jir ah ula unugyada dhiigga timaado ilaalinta halkan humoral.

In marxaladda labaad ee unugyada difaaca jirka bilaabaan inay halgan kula sheyga, is arkeen meeshii ay dhaawac. Geedi socodka ah ee haysta magaca phagocytosis. Unugyada, neutrophils, bedelaan qaabka iyo nuugo wakiilada bahal ah. Next, Istaaga la wakiilada gaar ah loogu talagalay burburinta bakteeriyada iyo fayraska.

Mawqifkaa waxaa la sheyga baabbi'in neutrophils iyo unugyada dhintay jir ah, kaasoo ku yaala degaanka ee caabuq. Sayidka bilaabmaa horumarinta falcelinta wajiga saddexaad ee u shaqeeyo. Fiirada gaarka ah ee caabuq sidii ay u gaashaan ka jirka oo dhan. Mararka qaarkood meeshan waxaa laga dareemi karaa dikaan wata. cell wuxuu ku bilaabmayaa in ay soo saaraan dhexdhexaadiyayaal bararka ka unugyada waaweyn, kuu ogolaanaya in aad si aad u nadiifiso meesha ku dhaawacmeen ka sunta, qashinka iyo waxyaabaha kale.

fikradaha guud ee dhexdhexaadiyayaal

dhexdhexaadiyayaal bararka - waa walax firfircoon ee asal ahaan noolaha, kuwaas oo la socda in la sii daayo oo ka mid ah marxaladaha ugu weyn ee wax laga bedelo. Waxay mas'uul ka ah ee calaamadaha hawomareenka yihiin. Tusaale ahaan, kor u permeability derbiyada markabka ama korodhka heerkulka maxaliga ah ee degaanka of traumatization.

The dhexdhexaadiyayaal weyn ee caabuq waxaa kala duwanaayeen ma aha oo kaliya ee horumarka ah ee geedi socodka bahal ah. Horumarkooda qaadataa meel joogto ah. Waxaa loogu talagalay sharciyeynta hawlaha jidhka ee unugyada iyo heerarka gacanta. Iyada oo ku xidhan jihada of action, modulators leeyihiin saamayn:

• daro (kordhin);
• hammiga (potentiator);
• antagonichesky (daciifaan).

Marka dhaawac ama goobta garoomada neurotransmitter of unit sheyga gacanta ku hababka dhexgalka iyo bararka wajiga effector sifo wareeg ah geeddi-socodka.

Noocyada dhexdhexaadiyayaal bararka

All modulators bararka kala qaybsan yihiin laba kooxood, iyagoo ku xidhan asal ahaan:

1. Humoral: kinins, taagayo of complement, arrimo xinjirowga.
2. Cell: amines vasoactive, taagayo acid arachidonic, cytokines, lymphokines, arrimo lysosomal, metabolites ogsijiin Waxyeelo, neuropeptides.

dhexdhexaadiyayaal Humoral barar laga helo jirka insaanka in ay saameyn ku factor bahal, i.e. jirku wuxuu leeyahay saad maadooyinkaas. Ay dhigaalka dhacdaa in unugyada ee foomka firfircoonayn.

amines Vasoactive iyo arrimo neuropeptides lysosomal sidoo kale modulators pre-jira. walxaha The haray ay leeyihiin koox ee dhex dhexaadinta waxaa si toos ah gacanta saaray inta lagu guda jiro horumarinta jawaabta bararka.

taagayo ee dhammaystir ah

Waayo, dhexdhexaadiyayaal bararka soo dheegtay ammaan. Kooxdaan walxaha bayoloji firfircoon waxaa loo arkaa inay ka mid modulators humoral ugu muhiimsan noqon. taagayo K waxaa ka mid ah 22 protein kala duwan kuwaas oo formation kaaga dardargelinta complement (formation of kaxeynayo difaaca ama immunoglobulins).

1. Modulators C5a iyo C3a ayaa mas'uul ka ah wajiga caabuq ba'an oo histamine Liberatore waxa soo saarey unugyada waaweyn. Ay tallaabo la faray at hagaajinta heerka permeability cell vascular, oo waxaa lagu fuliyaa si toos ah ama si dadban jidkii histamine.
2. Modulator C5a des Arg kordhiyaa permeability ee venules ee goobta jawaabta bararka iyo jiidata unugyada neutrophilic.
3. S3 kor u phagocytosis.
4. Complex S5-C9 mas'uul ka lysis oo ka mid ah sheyga iyo unugyo aan caadi ahayn.

Kooxdaan dhexdhexaadiyayaal ka plasma iyo dareeraha unugyada soo saaray. Sababo la galaan aagga bahal ah, geedi socodka maadoyinka dhacaan. Iyadoo taagayo dhamaystir u sii daayay interleukin, neurotransmitters, leukotrienes, prostaglandins iyo factor dhiig xinjirowga-kaakicin.

kinins

Kooxdaan walxaha waa vasodilators. Waxaa loo sameeyay in dareeraha unugyada iyo plasma of globulin gaar ah. The wakiilada ugu weyn ee kooxda ka mid ah bradykinin iyo kallidin, taas oo tallaabo saamayn waa sida soo socota:

• ka qayb-dhimista ee muruqa kooxaha siman,
• by yaraynta endothelial vascular xoojiyaan geedi socodka permeability derbiga;
• gacan ka korodhka oo ka mid ah halbowlaha iyo cadaadiska arooriyaha;
• ballaarinta weelasha yar,
• keeni muuqaalka kore ee xanuun iyo cuncun;
• dardar nadiifinta dhalashadii labaad iyo Avv collagen.

action waxaa loogu talagalay helitaanka helaan plasma bradykinin goobta oo ah caabuq. Kinins - xanuun dhexdhexaadiyayaal ka ah caabuq. Waxaa loo diiqayaa, si ay receptors maxaliga ah, taasoo keenta xanuun, xanuun, cuncun.

prostaglandins

dhexdhexaadiyayaal bararka gacanta yihiin prostaglandins. Kooxdaan xeryahooda la xidhiidha taagayo of arachidonic acid. Ilaha prostaglandins waa macrophages, platelets, granulocytter iyo monocytes.

Prostaglandins - dhexdhexaadiyayaal ka ah caabuq, muujinayaa hawlaha soo socda:

• kicinta ee receptors xanuun;
• vasodilation;
• kordhiyo geedi socodka exudative;
• xoojinta of hyperthermia in dhaawaca;
• dardar dhaqdhaqaaqa leukocytes galay aaga ay bahal ah;
• kordhiyo barar.

leukotrienes

walxaha bayoloji firfircoon ay lahaayeen ku dhex dhexaadinta dhowaan la sameeyey. Taasi waa, habka difaaca jidhka ee inta kale ee qadarka ma ku filan irritant jawaab deg deg ah.

Leukotrienes cadhaysiinina faa'iido permeability vascular iyo leukocyte bixiyaan helitaanka zone of cudurada. Waa muhiim in Bilowgii ee xanuun bararka. Muqaadaraadka la samaysan karin dhammaan unugyada kale oo aan ahayn erythrocytes dhiig, iyo in adventitia unugyada sambabada, xididdada dhiigga iyo unugyada baruurta.

In the case of caabuq jawaab u bakteeriyada, fayrusyada ama leukotrienes arrimo xasaasiyad keeni dabac bronki, keenaya horumarinta bararka. Saamaynta la mid ah tallaabada of histamine, laakiin mar dambe. Target xubin for walxaha firfircoon - qalbiga ku. Taagan soo baxay in tiro aad u badan, waxay u dhaqmaan on muruqa wadnaha, socodka gaabis ah wadnaha iyo kordhiyo heerka falcelinta bararka.

thromboxanes

Kooxdaan modulators firfircoon sameeyay in unugyada ee beeryarada, unugyada maskaxda, sambabada iyo unugyada dhiig xinjirowga dhiigga. Leeyihiin saamayn caydi on xididdada dhiigga, kor loogu qaado habka of thrombosis in ischemia wadnaha, ka qayb qaadashada habraaca ku xulkii iyo Amda dhiig xinjirowga.

amines biogenic

The hoose bararka dhexdhexaadiyayaal - histamine iyo serotonin. Muqaadaraadka yihiin xanuunada provocateurs microcirculatory hore aaga cudurada ka. Serotonin - neurotransmitter ah in lagu soo saaro unugyada baruurta, platelets iyo enterochromaffin.

tallaabo ee serotonin kala duwan iyada oo ku xiran ay heer ee jirka. Under xaaladaha caadiga ah, marka lacagta waa dhexdhexaadiyaha jir, u kordhiyaa dubaaxin vascular iyo Kordhiyey midab. Iyadoo horumarinta hawomareenka ee tirada u xuub-kordhiyaa. Serotonin noqdo vasodilator, sii kordhaya permeability vascular iyo ballaarinta weelal. Waxaa intaa dheer, ay tallaabo ka mid yahay boqol jeer ka fiican labaad neurotransmitter abahaaga biogenic.

Histamine - dhexdhexaadiye bararka saamayn wajiyo badan oo xididdadii dhiigga iyo unugyada. Ku-simaha on hal group walax receptors gistaminchuvstvitelnyh weynaadaa halbowleyaasha iyo hakiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa leukocyte. Markii loo feydo kale - waa cidhiidhi xididka vnutrikapellyarnogo sababa in la kordhiyo cadaadiska dhinaca kale, kicin dhaqdhaqaaqa leukocyte.

Ku-simaha on receptors nuutrofilkaagu, histamine xaddidaya ay ka shaqeynayaan on receptors monocyte - kobciyaa la soo dhaafay. Sayidka, neurotransmitter waxay leeyihiin waxaa laga yaabaa in saamayn bararka anti-bararka waqti isku mid ah.

saamayn Vasodilator histamine waa wanaajiyey sarkhaansan adag la acetylcholine, bradykinin, iyo serotonin.

falgalka lysosomal

dhexdhexaadiyayaal caabuq Immune waxa soo saarey monocytes iyo granulocytter meeshii habka bahal ah inta lagu guda jiro kicinta, socdaalka, phagocytosis, dhaawac gacanta iyo dhimasho. Proteases kuwaas oo qeyb weyn ka ah ensaymes lysosomal leedahay ilaalinta saamayn antimicrobial lysing shisheeye sheyga bahal baabbi'iyey.

Intaas waxaa sii dheer, walxaha firfircoon gacan ka permeability kordhay derbiyada vascular, modulate dhexgalka leukocyte. Iyadoo ku xiran tirada ensaymes go'doon, waxay xoojin kartaa ama wiiqi socdaalka ee unugyada leukocyte.

jawaab bararka horumarisa oo soconaya muddo dheer sabab u ah xaqiiqada ah in ensaymes lysosomal ku dhaqaajiso nidaamka complement, cytokines sii daayo iyo xinjirowga kaakacaysa limokiny iyo fibrinolysis.

borotiinada cationic

By barar dhex dhexaadinta waa borotiinka ku jira dhagaxyada nuutrofilkaagu iyo microbicidal sare. Waxyaabahani waxay si toos ah u dhaqmaan on unugyada shisheeye, khalkhal ay xuub dhismaha. Taasina waxay keentaa in dhimashada wakiilka bahal ah. Dheeraad ah, geeddi-socodka iyo burburinta cholesterol by proteases lysosomal.

borotiinada Cationic kor histamine sii daayo neurotransmitter, kordhin permeability vascular, dardar Amda leukocyte iyo socdaalka ee unugyada.

cytokines

Tani dhexdhexaadiyayaal bararka gacanta soo saaray unugyada soo socda:

• monocytes;
• macrophages;
• neutrophils;
• limfosaytis;
• unugyada endothelial.

Ku-simaha on neutrophils, heerarka cytokine kordhin permeability vascular. Waxay sidoo kale kicin unugyada leukocyte inay ku dhinteen, qabsaday iyo burburinta sheyga shisheeye degeen, kor loogu qaado habka phagocytosis.

Ka dib markii ay ku dhinteen wakiilada bahal cytokines kicin kabashada iyo badashada unugyada cusub. Dhexgalaan waxyaabaha ka tirsan dhexdhexaadiyayaasha, prostaglandins, neuropeptides.

metabolites Active oksajiinta

Koox ka mid ah xag lacag la'aan ah, kuwaas oo ay sabab u tahay joogitaanka ee electrons ay unpaired, oo awood u galo xiriirka ay la taagoo kale, qaadashada qayb ka mid ah si toos ah horumarinta geedi socodka bararka. By metabolites oxygen, taas oo ay qayb ka yihiin dhexdhexaadiyayaasha ah, waa sida soo socota:

• a xagjirka ah hydroxyl;
• hydroperoxide xagjirka ah;
• anion superoxide xagjirka ah.

Isha oo ka mid ah Walxaha firfircooni waa lakabka sare ee kicinta phagocytic acid arachidonic qarxaan iyaga la, iyo sidoo kale lagu qayilo ee u taagoo yar.

Metabolites ogsijiin wanaajisaa awoodda unugyada phagocytic inuu baabbi'iyo wakiilada ajnabiga sabab lagu qayilo oo dufan ah, acids amino dhaawac, acids nucleic, carbohydrates, sii kordhaya permeability ku vascular. Sida modulators of metabolites kordhin kartaa caabuq ama saamayn anti-bararka. Waxay ka mid yihiin muhiimadda ugu weyn ee horumarinta cudurada raaga.

neuropeptides

Kooxdan waxaa ka mid ah calcitonin ah, neurokinin A, iyo xoolahaaga oo P. Kanu waa modulators ugu yaqaan of neuropeptides. tallaabo walxaha saamayn ku salaysan yahay habka soo socda:

• soo jiidashada of neutrophils in caabuq;
• kordhay permeability vascular,
• Caawimada kooxaha kale ee qaawan ku receptors xasaasi ah neurotransmitters;
• horumarinta dareen of neutrophils in endothelium ee arooriyaha;
• ka qayb formation of xanuun jawaabta bararka.

Waxa intaa dheer in dhan ha ka sarrayso, inay ka dhex dhexaadinta firfircoon ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah acetylcholine, adrenaline iyo noradrenaliin. Acetylcholine ku lug leh dhismaha hyperemia halbowlaha, weynaadaa xididdada dhiigga ee heley qoryaha.

Norepinephrine iyo epinephrine fal sida modulators barar, anada koritaanka heerka permeability vascular.

Horumarinta ee jawaabta bararka ma aha xadgudub by shaqeeyo. On lid ku ah, waa calaamad u tahay in habka difaaca jirka si ay ula qabsadaan hawlaha.