Dardanelles on map of Eurasia

Dardanelles - Cidhiidhi dhexeeya qayb waqooyi-galbeed ee ku Aasiyada Yar iyo Gallipoli Peninsula ah, oo ku yaalla qaybta Yurub ee Turkey. Dardanelles balladhkeedu yahay inta u dhaxaysa 1.3 km iyo 6 km, oo dhererkiisuna wuxuu - 65 km, waa muhiim istiraatiiji ah, tan iyo markii ay qayb ka mid ah waddada isku xidha biyaha Mediterranean la Black waa.

badda Gell

Hore loo yaqaan iyadoo cidhiidhi ku - ". Sea Gell" Hellespont ah, taas oo ka soo Giriigga tarjumayaa Magaca Tan waxay ka timaaddaa quraafaad qadiimiga ah oo ku saabsan mataano, walaalkay iyo walaashay, Frix iyo Gell. orhomenskim dhashay boqorkii Athamas iyo Nephele, carruurta ugu dhakhsaha tagay oo aan hooyo - kiciyey aayo xumaa Cilimiga Bulshada. Waxay rabeen in ay dilaan uu walaalkay iyo walaashay, laakiin mataano carareen on wan duulaya timaha dahabka. Inta lagu jiro dayuurada Helle sibxaday oo biyaha ku shubaa, wuuna dhintay. Dhig gabdhaha dhacaya - dhexeeya Chersonesus iyo Shiga - tan loogu magac daray "Badda Gell." Dardanelles helay magaceeda la joogo by magaca hal mar istaagay on bangiga ee magaalada qadiimiga ah - Dardania.

Bosphoru

Tani waa Black Sea Strait kale. Bosporus isku xira Badda Madow la xumeeyayna ah. Strait leeyahay dherer ah qiyaastii 30 kiiloomitir, width ee u dhaxeysa 700 m si qoto dheer 3700 m ee channel - .. Laga soo bilaabo 36 ilaa 124 m cidhiidhi ku yaalla Istanbul (taariikhiga ah Constantinople). Xeebaha Bosphoru ku xiran yihiin laba buundooyinka: Bosphoru (dhererka - 1074 mitir) iyo Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge ee (dhererka - 1090 mitir). In 2013, in la mideeyo dhinaca Asia iyo Yurub ee Istanbul, tareenka Marmaray tunnel quuska la dhisay.

meel juquraafi

Dardanelles Bosphoru oo ay meel fog ka mid ah 190 kiiloomitir u midba midka kale. Dhexdoodana been Sea xumeeyayna ah, goobta oo ah 11.5 km2. weel Marine ka yimid Badda Madow si Mediterranean ka, waa in marka hore galaan halkii ay cidhiidhi Bosporus isku tallaalidda Istanbul a, dabaalan Badda ee xumeeyayna, ka dib oo uu la kulmi doonaa Dardanelles. Cidhiidhi Tani dhamaado Badda Aegean ka, taas oo iyana waa qeyb ka mid ah badda Mediterranean. Sida laga soo xigtay oo dhererkeedu, wadada this kama badna 170 mayl-badeed.

Muhiimadda istiraatiijiga ah ee

Bosporus iyo Dardanelles waa links ee silsiladda isku xira badda u xiran yihiin (Black) la furan (Mediterranean). marinnada waxa ay ku dhamaadeen mawduuca dacwad keentay awoodaha dunida. Waayo, Russia ee qarnigii 19aad jidka loo maro Badda Mediterranean waxay siisaa inay helaan xarunta ganacsiga caalamiga ah iyo ilbaxnimada. In dunida maanta, waxaa kale oo muhiim ah waa "muhiimka ah" in ay Badda Madow. Heshiiska Caalamiga jeedisay in marinka maraakiibta ganacsiga iyo ciidamada iyada oo cidhiidhi ku waa in ay lacag la'aan ah oo lacag la'aan ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Turkey, taas oo jaangooyaha ugu weyn ee gaadiidka iyada oo Bosphoru, waxa ayna isku dayayaan in ay isticmaalaan xaaladdan si ay faa'iido. Markii sanadkii 2004 aad bay u kordheen mugga saliidda laga dhoofiyo Russia, Turkey idman xakamaynta dhaqdhaqaaqa maraakiibta ee Bosphoru. Strait ayaa u muuqday ciriiriga, iyo saliidda bilaabay inuu ku xanuunsado oo dhan cayn kasta oo waxyeelo ay fashilka of jeer bixinta iyo booyadaha fudud. rasmi Ruush ku eedeeyay Turkey gaadiidka si ula kac ah dhibaatooyin on Bosphoru iyada oo ujeedadu of dhidbidda xamuul dhoofinta saliidda ee dekadda Ceyhan, kuwaas oo adeegyada lagu siiyo. Tani ma aha isku day kaliya ee Turkey si ay uga faa'iideystaan ka booska fiisikada. dalka wuxuu hormariyey mashruuc loogu talagalay dhismaha channel Bosphoru. Fikradda waa wanaagsan yahay, laakiin Jamhuuriyadda Turkish aan weli maal helin xaqiijinta mashruucan.

Dagaal gobolka

In Qarniyadii hore, Strait Dardanelles lahaayeen in ay dadka Gariigta ah, iyo magaalada ugu weyn ee gobolka ahaa Abydos. In 1352, xeebta Asian ah Strait ku dhaqaaqay Turkiga, waxayna Noqdeen magaalada xukuma ee Çanakkale.

Under heshiis kala saxiixday ee 1841, maraakiibta Turkish kaliya mari karin Dardanelles. First War Balkan joojiyo in xaaladda noocan ah. Maraakiibtan Greek adkaaday Turkish ka soo galo iyadoo cidhiidhi ku in labo jeer, sanadkii 1912, 16 December, inta lagu guda jiro Battle of Ally, iyo in 1913, on 18 January, at the Battle of Lemnos. Ka dib markii in, raxan ka Turkish kuma ay dhicin inay ka soo baxaan Cidhiidhi.

In dagaalkii koowaad ee aduunka, wakhtigii Dardanelles waxay ahaayeen dagaalo lagu hoobtay oo u dhexeeya Atlanta iyo Turkey. In 1915, Sir Winston Churchill, go'aansaday in hal mar ka mid ah dagaalka in garaaca Turkey, in ay jebiyaan oo magaalada dhex Dardanelles. Rabbiga First of Admiralty la diiday tayo ciidan, si howlgalka uu ku guuldareystay. Ololaha ayaa ahaa liidata qorsheysan iyo incompetently fuliyo. In hal maalin, raxan ka Anglo-French laga badiyay seddex dagaalka, maraakiibta kale ayaa si xun u burburay, iyo mucjisooyin ku badbaaday. degtey ee ciidamada on gaca Gallipoli u beddelay musiibo ka sii daran. 150 kun oo qof ayaa lagu dilay Furimaha Dagaalka ka qoday, lama soo natiijooyin kasta. Ka dib markii in baabbi'iyuhu Turkish iyo gujis ah Jarmal degtay saddex markab dagaal British iyo dhulka labaad ee Suvli Bay la gadoontaan adkaaday, kadib howl gal milateri, waxaa la go'aamiyay inuu ka soo leexdo. About duruufaha masiibooyinka ugu waaweynaa ee taariikhda ciidamada British qoray buug la yiraahdo "Dardanelles, 1915. guuldaradii The December ee Churchill."

Su'aal of cidhiidhi ku

Inkastoo Byzantine ka dibna urub Empire heysatay aagga iyadoo cidhiidhi ku, su'aasha ah ee ay hawlaha la go'aamiyay dalalka gudahood. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, at Warega of 17-18 qarniyo, xaaladda ayaa isbedelay - Russia ayaa gaaray xeebaha Black iyo Azov ee Badaha. dhibaatada gacanta ku Bosporus iyo Dardanelles ku kor istaagay ajendaha caalamiga ah.

In 1841 at shir ee London, heshiis ayaa lagu gaadhay in cidhiidhi ku waa la xiri doonaa, waayo, marinka ee maraakiibta dagaalka ee nabadda. Tan iyo 1936, sida waafaqsan sharciga caalamiga ah ee hadda jira, meesha cidhiidhi ku waxaa loo arkaa "badaha sare" oo ku saabsan arrimaha iyada waxaa nidaaminaya by Convention Montreux ku saabsan xaaladda cidhiidhi ku. Sayidka, control of meelihii waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyadoo la sii Xukunka Turkey.

Qodobada Heshiiska Montreux ah

Shirweynuhu wuxuu sheegaa in maraakiibta ganacsiga oo dhan dalalka leeyihiin free helaan marinkii ay cidhiidhi Bosporus iyo Dardanelles labada SOFHURA iyo nabadda iyada oo loo marayo. awoodaha Badda Madow gudbin kartaa cidhiidhi, oo weelasha badda ee fasalka kasta oo loo marayo. Non-Black Sea Mareykanka iyada oo Dardanelles marin iyo Bosphoru waa maraakiibta dusha kaliya yar.

Haddii Turkey waa lug colaadaha, dalka ikhtiyaar u leeyahay in noqotay maraakiibta quruun kasta. Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalka, taas oo ka Republic of Turkey waxba kuma laha, ee Bosphoru iyo Dardanelles waa in la xiraa maraakiibta dagaalka.

khilaafka soo dhaafay, taas oo ay ku lug lahaayeen habab hoostiisa Heshiiska, waxay ahayd dhibaatada South Ossetian ee August 2008. Wakhtigan, iyadoo cidhiidhi ku dhex seegay maraakiibta ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka, kuwaas oo u gudbey jihada ka mid ah dekedaha Joorijiyaan of Poti iyo Batumi.

gunaanad

Dardanelles on map of Eurasia qaadataa meel aad u yar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, muhiimadda istiraatiijiga ah ee waddada this ee qaaradda lama quudhsan karin. Laga soo bilaabo barta dhaqaale of view muhiim u tahay Russia, gaar ahaan, dhoofinta alaabta batroolka. Gaadiidka of "dahabka madow" biyaha uga jaban tahay by dhuunta. Maalin kasta iyada oo Dardanelles iyo Bosphoru waddaa 136 maraakiibta, 27 iyaga ka mid ah - booyadaha. cufnaanta ee gaadiidka iyada oo cidhiidhi ku yahay afar jeer xoogga Panama Canal ah, saddex jeer - Suez. Sababtoo ah oo ka mid ah cross-cidhiidhi hooseeyo Ruush Federation xanbaarsan khasaare maalin kasta ee ku saabsan 12.3 million. Doolar. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, alternative weyn aan weli la helay.