Dada - waxa uu yahay waxan? Wakiilada Dada rinjiyeynta

In dunida casriga ah, dadka bixin ahmiyad gaar ah dhaqankooda iyo horumarka aqooneed. Waxaa mar dambe ma ku filan in ay ku takhasusay hal meel ah si ay u ilaaliyaan wada hadal xiiso leh in shirkadda caqli badan.

Inuu la socdo nolosha iyo ma waayi wejiga xilligan muhiim ah, waa in aan si joogto ah xuubsiiban oo aad barato wax cusub.

Qof kasta oo isaga qudhiisu nin aqoon leh oo aragti hodan u aragto, waa in ay fahmaan farshaxanka azah ugu yaraan iyo rinjiyeynta, sababtoo ah waa mid ka mid ah mawduucyada ugu badan ee wada hadalka dadka aysan aqoon bulshada caqli badan.

Waxaa jira qaababka badan oo waqtiyo kala duwan la Abuurtay, heesaa iyo qorayaasha, ka classical in ay dhulka hoostiisa prim oo ku sugan Xadgudbayaasha.

Maanta waxaan la hadal oo ku saabsan mid ka mid ah ugu hadlay oo ku saabsan hababka of qarnigii labaatanaad - oo ku saabsan Dada.

Dadaism: Qeexid

Sida aad ogtahay, bilowgii qarnigii labaatanaad, dadka ay cadaawadda iyo geysaneyso Dowladda ku dhuftay. dunida oo dhan uu noqday dhibane dagaal ka fuliyeen sababtoo ah anaanimada, falalka aan caqli gal ahayn iyo xitaa maniacal siyaasiyiinta qaar ka mid ah. tacsida qanacsanayn koray. All xiisaddan ururtay iyo ismaandhaaf ah waxa dhacaya rusheeyey dhex jihada of abuurka wakhtigaas.

Dada laftiisa - waa ah jihada tahay wax-uqabso, oo beenisay in dhammaan sharciyada iyo isku dhafka color gaar ah khadadka cad iyo qaababka joomateri. In 1916, fannaaniinta, yaabay jahli dagaal, dadka ku ogaadeen in habkani suugaanta, music, rinjiyeynta, masraxa iyo filimada. Noocan ah kitsch, waxay isku dayeen in ay muujiyaan in ay xad gudub ku ah dowladda, ay cynicism, la'aanta aadanaha, macquulka ah, iyo naxariis daro ah oo noqday, in ay opinion, Jidka muran u dhexeeya labada dal.

Raacsane ah meelaha sida aabbe - surrealism, oo sidoo kale beeniyay bilicsanaanta ah.

Jahawareer, dareen of meaninglessness jiritaanka, xanaaq iyo rumaysad la'aantooda mustaqbal ku faraxsan yahay - in sababaha habkani, xakameeyay dhan sharciyada quruxda.

Dada - style in si cad u caddeeyey talaabo military oo bourgeoisie ah, isku dayayaan in ay fowdo iyo shuuciyad.

Xaggee magaca

Waayo horyaalka ee socodka noocan oo kale ah, tilmaamaysaa meaninglessness guud iyo incomprehensibility of waxa ka dhacaya xoogga sano kuwa, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd in la helo erayga ku haboon.

Tristan Ttsana, isku dayaya in ay ka heli magac ku haboon qaab cusub abuurtay, caleemaysanayo, iyada oo qaamuuska la luqado qabiil Negro ah oo yimid ee guud ahaan ereyga "aabbe".

Sidaas Dada - waxaa turjumay luuqadaha ay qabiilkii Crewe Afrika - dabada lo'da. Later waxaa ka leexatay in gobollada qaar ka mid ah Italy ay soo wac kalkaalisada ah iyo hooyadiis, iyo sidoo kale "Dada" waa mid aad la mid ah hadaaqo ilmaha.

Farshaxankii dareemay in magac ka sii wanaagsan for jihada avant-garde this, iyo ma waxaa lagama maarmaan ah.

Aasaasayaasha socodka

Dada waxa uu ku dhashay waqti isku mid ah ee Zurich iyo New York, waddan kasta oo madax banaan. Si aasaaseyaasha ka mid ah isbeddellada anti-bilicsanaanta ka mid ah: gabayaaga iyo riwaayadaha ee Hugo Jarmal ah Ball, Richard Hyulzenbeka, Samuel Rosenstock - Abwaan Faransiis iyo Romania (Yuhuud ah by dhalasho), si fiican u yaqaan in dadweynaha guud hoos magaca Tristan Tzara, Jarmalka iyo Faransiiska gabayaa, sculptor iyo rinjiile Arp Jean , artist Faransiiska-German Max Ernst iyo Marcel Janco - rinjiile Israel iyo Romania. Oo intaas oo dhammu dadka caanka - wakiillo ka dhalaalaya ee Dadaism in rinjiyeynta, suugaanta, music iyo beeraha kale ee fanka.

goobta, taas oo uu u doortay nafteeda, kooxdan oo ah dad hal abuur leh, waxay ahayd "Cabaret Voltaire". Almanakka uu soo saaray ku Dadaists waqtiga, waxbay ushafeeci idanka magaca machadkan.

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in qofka kor loo arkaa Aasaasayaasha hadlay our Dabcan, a sano ee yar ka hor aasaaska ay ku caan baxay dunida "fuizma dugsiga" oo dhan, abuuray by artist Artur Sapekom iyo qoraa Alphonse Ale goor dambe oo qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad, waxay hor marsatay, shuqullada farshaxanka iyo muusikada in lagu qaado oo dhan booska aasaasiga ah ee jihada this.

, Inta badan shaqada Bohemian in style Dada deganaa ee France iyo Germany, halkaas oo ay si tartiib tartiib ah inta lagu guda jiro ku biireen wax-uqabso iyo surrealism.

Dada ee Russia helay warkiisii mahad koox suugaaneed caanka Moscow iyo Rostov Nichevke, laakiin dhamaadka jiritaankeeda.

By 1923, taas waa ay isbedeshay jihada of a isbedelka cusub iyo la xiriira dareenka qaranka. Dadaists tababaraa in expressionists iyo surrealists.

Dada rinjiyeynta

Nooca ugu caansan ee farshaxanka ee style this waxaa loo arkaa inay collage ah: fannaaniin badan, oo ku salaysan wax kasta oo ku haboon, paste googooyay kala duwan oo warqad midab, maro, iyo qalabka kale ee il-qabad.

Dada rinjiyeynta waa higayaa iyo constructivist ee dabiiciga ah, halkaas oo doorashada la siiyo waxyaalaha kiimikaysan abuuray matoorada, halkii ninka oo uu naftiisa.

Taageerayaasha of habkani ay isku dayayaan in ay hal-abuurka baabbi'in luqada soo jireenka ah ee dhaqanka ee dareenka ugu ballaran ee erayga.

All wakiillo ka tahay Dada ee uu shaqada si buuxda u diidi oo dhan macquul ah baabbi'in waxaad fartaan Wannaagga qarniyo badan Buzadag ruuxiga ah iyo bulshada, halkii riixaya bas aan micno lahayn, qosol iyo doqon arealistichnostyu farshaxankiisa iyo collages. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay leeyihiin guul weyn, sida buuxda u waafaqsan gobolka ee dadweynaha.

Ma jiro wax dheeraad ah si dhow ula xiriira dhinaca suugaanta badan rinjiyeynta Dada. Artists waqtiga ahaayeen inta badan lagu daro, sidaas darteed, in habka ugu weerarka ka muuqataa shuqulladoodu in labadan meelaha (R. Hausmann, G. Arp, K. Shviters, F. Picabia).

Sida kor ku xusan, saamaynta gaar ah oo ku saabsan mustaqbalka Dadaists ku lahaa dugsiga "fumizma".

Wakiilada Dada badan ka bartay shaqo ee artist shuqullada Marcel Duchamp ahaayeen orientation avant-garde bilowga ah ee mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed.

rinjiile ee uu shaqada siiyey weyn door maalin kasta, maadooyinka u codeeyay in hab qaar ka mid ah - sidoo kale Dadaism. Tusaalooyinka uu shaqada - a "burburinayay waayo, shukulaatada №2» iyo «wheel ee baaskiil."

Isaga oo hal-abuurka, artist, iyo sidoo kale Dadaists oo dhan, dayayso goolkii ugu sarreeya iyo hawsha ugu muhiimsan ee farshaxanka, baaqaya xoriyad ah ee farshaxanka iyo waalli.

Dada ee dhawaaqa music iyo gabayada

Waxa intaa dheer in farshaxankiisa, ka Dadaists oo qabsaday meelo kale oo ka mid ah hal-abuurka. Waxay ku guuleysteen in la isu geeyo in farshaxankiisa hal bandhig, music cod dheer, akhriska shuqullada suugaanta iyo qoob.

Kurt Shviters - Dadaist, oo noqday hindisa ee gabayada dhawaaqa, kaas oo uu ku magacaabay "gabay wanaagsan." In foomkan soo gudbinta sheekada suugaanta, Dharkeeda music, tusaale ahaan, waxay muujinayaan qayladii ay dagaalo ku gabay. gabayo waxay badanaa qaadaan dareen ka anti-dagaal iyo rar atiburzhuaznoy. Poets noqdeen kuwo ku qosla xoog iyo anshax la aasaasay.

Sidoo kale qayb ka mid ah gabayo qurbaan dadweynaha u sheegi ma erayo iyo odhaaho, oo ka koobnaa set oo ah codadka, warqado, qaylo iyo music cod weyn.

Dada - sidoo kale waa music keenay by shaqsiyad caan ah sida: Francis Pikebiya, Zhorzh Ribemon-Desey, Erwin Shulhoff, Hans Heusser, Albert Sevigny, Erik Satie. walxuhu waxay ahaayeen qof buuq iyo muujisay nuxurka bulshada xayawaanka, waxaa had iyo jeer ma cad in dadka deggan fudud.

Cayaaray jihada this, sidoo kale, ma kala duwan yihiin set oo ah dhaq-siman oo la xiriira, dharka iyo qoobka ayaa tolaa in style of a zagzaagga-cubism, in aanan iyaga ku dar si sharraxaadda.

Dadaists, daal nacayb qaran, kaas oo keenay dagaalka, riyoodaan oo ah dad hal abuur leh ee dunida inay ku midoobaan hal dhan ah. Khadadka jecel in "Cabaret Voltaire", taas oo u muuqatay in ay Bohemia dhow dabiiciga ah, waxay ahaayeen: music Afrika, jazz iyo ciyaaro balalaika ah.

Art ee Germany

In Germany Dada - waa, oo dhan, dibad siyaasadeed kor ku xusan, ka muujiyey iyada oo wax sida xataa tahay dhulka hoostiisa.

Kooxaha farshaxanka ee dalka ayaa si aad iyo aad bay ma diiday macnaha hal-abuurka, sida uu ku sameeyay wakiillo ka style this ee waddamada kale. Halkan Dada lahaa halkii qof siyaasadeed bulshada iyo tusay qadhaadh dadka ay sababtay dagaalka iyo cawaaqibka ay qaab dhan ah halakeeyey oo aan awoodin in ay ka soo dalka jilbaha kici.

Oo weliba Dadaists Jarmal H. Hench iyo G. Gross, shuqulladiisa, xunyahay Russia, oo ku yaalla wakhtigaas ku jira xaalad ah kacaanka.

Dada in qarnigii 20-weli keenay darsaday muhiim ah in fanka, marka Gross, Hartfield, Heche iyo Hausmann horumariyo photomontage ah, oo la sii daayay qaar ka mid ah joornaalada siyaasadeed.

In xagaagii 1920 oo lagu sharfayo intelligentsia dagaalka ee kor ku xusan waxaa lagu abaabulay Dada Fair, taas oo soo jiidata yaqaan Bohemians oo dunida ku baahsan.

Waxaa in Germany, ayaa la kordhiyay collage, sida in khaasatan la Cubism ku dul waxaa jiray xubno ka photomontage.

Intaa waxaa dheer in ay ka shaqeeyaan dhinaca of rinjiyeynta, Husman dhigaysa kaalin muhiim ah si uu shuqulka suugaanta, bandhigay dadweynaha dhowr ah gabayo "aan la taaban karin", oo ka kooban fudud of set oo ah codadka, garabaka cod xiin shamanic.

Waalidiinta shineemo Dadaist rumaysan Richter iyo Egelenga.

ee France

farshaxanka Dada ahaa hadal gaar ahaan xagjirka ah ee France tan iyo markii la aasaasay waxa ay bilaabeen xitaa ka hor inta magaca dhaqdhaqaaqa this.

Preddadaistskimi shaqeeya ee tirooyinka caan ah sida Duchamp, Picabia iyo "feeryahanka Abwaan" - safarkii.

magazine soo dhaafay sii daayay "si degdeg ah", halkaas oo ay dadka caanka ah aflagaado iyo sahan samaynta, oo ay ku jiraan sheekooyin been abuurtay.

Waxay ahayd halkaas in noolaa aasaasihii Dada Tristan Ttsana.

Paris waxaa loo arkaa inay il Nuxaad ah oo ka mid ah wax-uqabso avant waqtiga. Erik Satie, Picasso iyo Koto abuuray ballet fadeexad, ma ku habboon yihiin fikirka ah qiyamka classical. In dalka this, si joogto ah u qaadeen bannaanbaxyo Dada, Yaa, bandhigyo iyo releases badan oo wargeysyada.

Duchamp soo saarta farshaxanka caanka ah su'alaha Classics. Dada loo arkaa masterpiece run Mona Lisa la pririsoval shaarib hela magaca ah "Waxay gubashadii hore u dulqaadan karin."

Ernest, abuurista farshaxankiisa, wuxuu isticmaalaa jajabkii ka daabacayaa jir. Waxa uu muuqday sawir cad oo dhan, laakiin waxa ay ka badan-cokan kaftan madow.

Maxkamadda Ttsana garoomada ku saabsan shaqada dadweynaha riwaayado "Gas Heart", taas oo 1923 waa rabshad gudahood ururka "Dada," iyo Andre Breton oo ku baaqay in socodka kala leh formation ku xiga ee surrealism ah.

In 1924 markii ugu danbeysay Ttsana waa musiibo "daruuraha ku guntay."

Dada ee New York

guriga Second gudahood dhowr NY ah, taas oo uu noqday marsada ah ee tirada weyn ee maamulka la rabin ah fanaaniinta dalalka kale.

Marsel Dyushan, Francis Picabia, Beatris Vud iyo Mann Ray noqday wadnaha ee Maraykanka of America Dada, ugu dhakhsaha badan ku soo biiray by Arthur Crewe diico darteed qasabka France. Waxay soo bandhigay shaqadooda at gallery ah Alfreda Shtiglitsa iyo guriga ee isqaba Arensberg.

manifestos New York Dada ma abaabulan, waxay muujiyeen fikradahooda iyada publications sida "indha la '" iyo "New York Dada", halkaas oo ay ku dhaleeceeyo xeerkii, oo ansixiyay matxafyada.

American Dadaism ahayd arrin ka duwan Yurub, waxa uu ma qaadeen dibad siyaasadeed, oo waxaa ku salaysan kaftan.

In 1917 Duchamp muujiyay ah fanaaniinta lagu kaadiyo soo bandhigay, taas oo ku xayiran calaamad leh "Isha The", taas oo keentay in si lama filaan ah dhagaystayaasha. Reebay waayahaas, farshaxan ah waxa hadda loo taallo ah modernismen.

Sababo la tagay oo ka mid ah shirkada caanka Dadaist Duchamp burburay.

In Netherlands,

In Netherlands Dadaists ugu caansan noqday Theo van Desburg kuwaas oo soo saaray magazine ah oo lagu magacaabo "De Stizhl". Bogagga qoraalkan, wuxuu ka buuxiyey shuqullada raacsan caanka ah ee style avant-garde ah.

Wada jir ah ula saaxiibbadiisa iyo Vilmos Shtirvesom Huszarom iyo xaaskiisa Nelly van Disberg ayuu ka abuuray shirkadda Dutch Dada.

dhimashada Disberga Ka dib markii la ogaaday in uu joornaalka uu daabacay gabayo of isaga u gaar ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, hoos magac maldahan ee IK Bonset.

cawaaqib Dada

By dhamaadka 1924 sida a Dada gaar ah dhaqdhaqaaqa ee fanka ayaa guntiga u. Waxa uu ku biireen surrealism iyo xaqiiqo bulshada ee France iyo modernismen ee Germany. Waxaa soo baxay inta lagu jiro mudada of quusan qaranka ee khubaro badan unbaa loo yaqaan horseed ee postmodernism.

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, inta badan oo ka mid ah fanaaniinta Dada dhaqaaqay Maraykanka.

Adolf Hitler, garashada hadafyada ay kaliya, loo arkaa farshaxanka "Dada" ba'ay, nijaaseeyaa runta ah (in uu ra'yi) qiimaha iyo istaahilin style jiritaanka, sidaas darteed wuxuu eryaday, oo ku rid a fanaaniinta xerada fiirsashada shaqeeyay in jihada this. Inta badan oo ka mid ah ku dhacay ee fannaaniinta xerada Jarmal lahaa xididdada Yuhuudda, oo xidhiidh la leh taas oo qof ayaa lagu jirdiley laga cabsado oo dilka.

Gaadhay hawada Dada iyo hadda muujiyey in anti-farshaxanka iyo siyaasadda kooxo yaqaan Bohemians, tusaale ahaan, "cacophony ka mid ah bulshada." Sidoo kale kooxda caanka ah "Chamboemba" unbaa qudhiisa ayaa ugu yeedhay raacsane a of Dada.

Qorayaasha qaar ayaa rumaysan Lenin oo xubin ka ah Club Dada, sida uu ka qeyb galay Balalaika Orchestra ah, taas oo ka farxisay dhagaystayaasha ee "Cabaret Voltaire", oo in muddo ah uusan ka fogayn dhismaha, ku noolaa halkaas oo wakiilo soo ururay ee habkani.

Marmar matxafyada caanka abaabulo bandhigyo shuqullada jihada Dadaist. Bandhiga waxa lagu qabtay sanadkii 2006 at the Museum of Contemporary Art, oo ku yaalla Paris, ee Washington, DC, at Gallery Qaranka ee Art iyo Xarunta Georges Pompidou ee Paris. Shaqooyinka Fashion ee style "Dada" - baad ah inay fannaaniin ah kuwaas oo ku dhintay inta lagu jiro Nazi Germany.

Sidaas daraaddeed aynu si kooban u soo koobo waxa uu yahay waxan waayo, oo qeexaya in ay booska aasaasiga ah.

• Dada waa farshaxan wacyi antipolitical iyo ganacsade. Waxa uu beeniyay oo dhan macquul ah, bilicsanaanta iyo ruuxi ah, dayanayaan dhaqanka oo ka mid ah masuuliyiinta waqtiga.
• Rinjiyeynta - gudbikaraa oo ugu muhiimsan ee qarniga 20aad, taas oo Dadaism ka buuxsantay. Artists soo shaqeeyay ciidanka this, inta badan la isticmaalayo collage, kaas oo isku daraa noocyo kala duwan oo haraaga dhalaalaya qalabka, laama wargeyska iyo Montage photo.
• Music bixiya dhaggan of this isbeddel, taas oo ah nooca qaylada.
• Suugaanta sidoo kale ma aha mid aad macno leh, inta badan la alifay ee Dadaists noqday gabayo kuwaas oo erayada waxaa loo isticmaalaa halkii dhawaaqa, garabaka ogyn in ay dadyowga ilaahyadooda heer hoose ah.
• Movies iyo riwaayadaha in habkani sidoo kale waa caqli iyo ka baaqsiga leeyihiin magacyo qalaad.
• farshaxan waxay - kuwani waa caadi ah loo isticmaalo in la isticmaalo waxyaabaha maalin walba. Taalladaas Dada ee ugu caansan - kaadida, kaas oo uu qoraagu u bixiyey "Isha".
• style xardheen waxaa ka muujiyey iyadoo la kaashanayo qoobka ku labisan dharka coroge.
• Ficillo yaqaan Bohemians waqtiga la odhan karaa waa muujin ka timid Dada ee dhaqanka ee dhaqanka.

In this article, waxaan u yihiin in la fahmo waxa style of "Dada" oo xidhiidh la leh taas oo ka dhalatay, tarjunto magaceeda, hadlay oo ku saabsan Aasaasayaasha ay, heleen kala duwan Dada ee dalal kala duwan oo soo jeedi in ay booska aasaasiga ah ee music, suugaanta, rinjiyeynta, shaneemo , qoob ka cayaarka iyo naqshadaha.

Waxaan rajaynaynaa in aynu ahaayeen in ay ka jawaabaan su'aalaha oo dhan aad awoodo.