Crimea oo qayb ka ah Russia. Soo laabashada Crimea ay u Russia

Dadka deegaanka ee Jasiiradda Crimean ee March 2014 ku dhowaad si buuxda ugu codeeyay in afti loo soo celiyo of Crimean ah in Russia. go'aamada hillaac qaaday by Duma State of Russia iyo Madaxweynaha ayaa keentay khubaro badan oo ay aaminsan yihiin in mashruuc gaar ah ee hawlgalka ayaa lagu soo diyaariyey muddo dheer, iyo jilayaasha waxay ogaan doorka ay ku dhammaataan. Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, laakiin Crimean sida qayb ka mid ah Russia, iyo hadda oo dhan la eegaayo in cawaaqibka dhacdadan aan horay loo arag.

Xeerka caalamiga ah iyo doonista dadka Crimea

In sharciga caalamiga casriga go'an laba fikradaha khilaafsan: daacadnimada gobolka iyo xaq quruumaha in ay aayo-ka. Waayo, "monogosudarstv" (ie, kuwa territory waxaa deggan iyo quruun mid keliya), oo dhan fudud oo cad. Laakiin marka ay timaado dalalka multi-qowmiyadaha, sharciyada ka horimanaya midba midka kale. Oo xaaladdan, sida aad ogtahay, qof walba waa lacag la'aan lagu tarjumo jir ah in hab iyaga u gaar. Sidaa darteed, marka Crimean ah qayb ka mid ah Russia noqday, bulshada caalamka uga xumaaday oo bilaabay inuu hadlo oo ku saabsan badhkood of dhulal.

saynisyahano Siyaasadda ku doodaya in "taariikhda Crimean ah" ka duwan in yar oo ka dhacdooyinka ee Kosovo ee 2008. cutub military NATO galeen Kosovo si looga hortago seerbiyiin ah looga hortago in aftida. cunaqabatayn kasta oo lagu soo rogay by Qaramada Midoobay in ay ku soo rogaan ma ahaayeen ciidamada. Qiyaastii Sidaas sameeyey Russia, marka baarlamaanka Crimean soo diray codsi ah in Duma State ee Ruushka. Faraqa kaliya ee waa in aanay ahayn lagama maarmaan ah in wax soo galaan, ciidamada ka mid ah ciidamada Ruush lagu hayay Crimean ah in ka badan hal tobankii sano.

Crimeans - quruun ama "call waxyaalaha qalbiga ku jira"

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hadalka ku saabsan aayo-ka quruumaha waa wax aan macquul aheyn: waxaa jira in nooca "quruunta Crimean." Sida laga soo xigtay dadka tirakoobka ee ku saabsan 60% ee Ruush Crimean, 25% iyo 10% Yukreeniyaan Tatar. Dhab ahaantii, sida oo dhan of Ukraine waa wax aan macquul aheyn in la yidhaahdo in tan ama taas territory nool yihiin qowmiyadaha Ukraine ama qowmiyadaha Ruushka. keliya ma aha in, ayaa dadkii iyagoo aad ula mid yihiin, sidaas darteed mar iyo da 'kasta iyo hooyo isku qasan.

Malaha more sax ah in la yidhaahdo krymchanin in - ma ahan Ruush, Yukreeniyaan ama Tatar, iyo ninkii gudaha ah xaaladaha cajiib ah laakiin adag soo bixiyey. Dabeecadda iyo cimilada ee Jasiiradda loo Waxyoodo ahayn aadanaha iyo nabad, laakiin waqti isku mid ah badda xad u adag isla markaana adag oo camal meesha juquraafi doonista iyo geesinimada, go'aan iyo kibirka.

Adoption of Crimean ah in Russia diidani iyo muranka sidoo kale sababta oo ah, sida laga soo xigtay dhaqanka caalamiga, qoondaynta of qayb ka mid ah gobolka oo ah hay'ad dhaqaale oo madax banaan waa suurto gal. Laakiin galo wadanka kale - ma. Sidaas wakhtigiisa waxaan gaaray Abkhazia iyo Taiwan and, Transnistria iyo isku Kosovo ah. Crimeans waxaa si cad u muujiyay in ay ku biiraan Ruushka.

History of Crimea

Jasiiradda noqday Russia ee qarnigii XVIII ah, markii gobolka waa in la difaaco danaha ay Badda Madow iyo in koorsada of tiro ka mid ah dagaal adkaynayo xuquuqdooda ee gobolka this.

By amar of Empress Catherine II ee Crimean sida qayb ka mid ah Russia waxaa u dhigantaa in ay "jilayaasha" kale: tataarka la xuquuq la mid ah dadka kale (xoriyada diinta, afka, dhaqanka, iwm). Waxaa intaa dheer, gobolka wax ka beddeli mayso iyo qalabka. Laakiin ka dib markii daafaca reer Sevastopol intii lagu jiray Dagaalkii Crimean ah, kaas oo hoos ugu tegey, taariikhda sida difaaca ugu horeysay, deggan iyo difaacayaasha magaalada waxay bilaabeen inay qaab qaadan wadaninimo Ruush.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, joogitaanka ay raxan Badda Madow waxaa aad looga hortagi dalalka Yurub, kuwaas oo difaacay xuquuqda ay u leeyihiin Peninsula Balkan ka iyo Aasiya. In Dagaalkii Crimean ee 1853-56. Russia ka adkaadeen iyo 20 sano ee soo socda ayaa lagu qasbay in uu ka tago Jasiiradda, baabiiyo Badda Madow Fleet. Laakiin, sidaas oo, ugu dhowaan la sameeyey magaalada ee Crimean sida qayb ka mid ah Russia hadhay. Sevastopol iyo degsiimooyinka kale ayaa loo arkaa dhul Ruush on khan Crimean ah.

Banaan Jamhuuriyadda of Crimean

In Midowga Soofiyeeti, Jasiiradda ayaa helay xaaladda cusub ee Jamhuuriyadda Madaxa Bannaan ee Crimea. Russia ka gobolka gumeystaha waxaa loo beddelaa federaal ah oo wakiillo ka quruun kasta ku soo dhacaysa in ay soo wac jamhuuriyad. Laakiin dhammaan meelaha aan helay xaaladda sida. Inta badan quruumaha yar iyo Jinsiyadaha ee dhamaadka soo baxay qayb ka mid ah RSFSR noqon.

Crimea oo qayb ka ah Russia asal ahaan loo yaqaan Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic. Crimean Banaan Soviet Socialist Republic gudahood RSFSR u muuqday bishii February 1921. By wakhtigaas, la sameeyey iyo Jamhuuriyadda kale hore ee Soviet, ma aha qayb ka mid ah Russia.

Dabcan, ka dib markii kacaanka, dadka waxa ay soo martay mid ka badan lama filaan ah: la'aanta biyo nadiif ah, dalagii 1920, Ulasocto dheeraadka ah (ee taariikhda casriga ah ee loo yaqaano Holodomor ah), diidmada oo ka mid ah fikradaha Crimean tataarka Bolshevik, iwm

Intii lagu guda jiray dagaalkii labaad ee adduunka, dadka Crimean adkaystay shaqo. difaaca A labaad ee Sevastopol weli qadhaadh ugu horeysay, laakiin si ay u difaacaan Jasiiradda mar kale ku guuldareystay.

masaafurinta of tataarka Crimean ah

Muddo sanado ah 1942-1944 Crimean heystey ah naasiga, kuwaas oo, iyadoo la isticmaalayo habka ku dhisay, Ooga guuto ciqaab hoosaad ka dadka deegaanka, inta badan tataarka. Isticmaalka dacaayad anti-Soviet, naasiga ah u ololeeyey "malcontents iyo mucaaradka" inuu ku biiro madaxda sare ee difaaca naftiisa iyo dagaalka ka dhanka ah Awliyadiisa.

Waa kooxahan is-difaaca "caawiyey" Go'aanka ku saabsan masaafurinta dadka oo dhan ka dhulka Jasiiradda Crimean. Russia waa weyn yahay, oo ay dawladdu Soviet go'aansatay in ay u guuraan Tartars galay dalka. taariikhda casriga ah oo ku baaqay in "Cadaabka khiyaamo qaran," laakiin waxaa jira version a sida ay taas Jarmalka inta lagu guda jiro dib u gurasho ee dhulka degan tagay network oo dhan wakiilada. Si faragelin talada naasiga ah, iyo go'aansado inuu ka Crimea, Finns, oo polish ah oo Jarmalka ka soo meelaha soohdinta, iwm masaafurin tataarka

The qaddar post-dagaal ee Crimean

Map of Crimean sida qayb ka mid ah Russia bedelay ka dib dagaalkii labaad ee dunida, madaxbannaani joogsatay si uu u jiro (waxaa goobta), inta badan degsiimooyinka ah ayaa la baxshay, iyo dadweynaha ee Ukraine iyo Ruushka oo ka mid ah dadka deggan tuulooyinka baabbi'iyey oo gubay, aamusa. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoob, by 1946 sannaddiisii sagaalaad waxaa jiray oo ku saabsan 600 kun oo qof oo ku nool Crimean ah. Ka hor dagaalka, tiradaasi waa u dhaw in ay 1.1 million. Ka hadal kooban qowmiyadaha dadweynaha ma aha inay. Haddii dagaalka ka hor, Ukraine iyo Ruushka lagu tiriyaa ku dhowaad 70% oo ka mid ah dadka deggan Jasiiradda, in muddada guudahaan, tiradaasi waxay ku dhow yihiin 90%.

Republic of Crimean sida qayb ka mid ah Russia socday ilaa 1954, sanadka. Waxaa markaas waxay ahayd si ay u xusaan sannadguuradii 300aad ee isukeenidda ee Ukraine iyo Russia hoosaad lagu wareejiyay hoos jooge maamulka buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan ah. Yaa ka si ay sheegayaan in Khrushchev siiyey Crimea.

Sevastopol - saldhig ciidamada badda

Sida Sevastopol, 1948 uu ka helay xaaladda magaalada xiran ciidamada hoos jooge Jamhuuriga. Oo ilaa 1961, oo saas ku hadhay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu beddelay cilmiga military ma fiirsan muhiimadda istiraatiijiga ah ee Badda Madow Fleet. City furay, iyo xaaladda saldhig milatari oo uu shot. Ka dib markii la ansaxiyo Dastuurka wax laga bedelay ee sii buurayn ee Yukreeniyaan ee 1978 ilaa Sevastopol "meel gaar ah" ku soo laabtay: ay hoos jooge Jamhuuriga qoran article gaar ah.

Laakiin waxa ugu muhiimsan ma aha. Tan ugu muhiimsan dadka wax lagu baro iyo xaladii ruuxii wadaninimo Ruush. Ka dib oo dhan, magaaladan soo maray ee taxne kore iyo hoose ee Badda Madow Fleet, waxay ahayd qalcad lagu bad-maax oo Ruush oo aan marnaba bedelay "jinsiyad" la isbedelka awood u saarney Crimean ah. Iyada oo qayb ka mid ah Russia 2014. Sevastopol meel gaar ah la siiyo mar kale, magaalada of muhiimadda ay leedahay dawladda dhexe, mawduuca Ruushka.

Qodayaa in waraaqaha iyo iyaga si taxadar leh ku baran, qaar ka mid ah taariikhyahanadu iyo cilmiga siyaasadda ayaa soo gaarnay heer ah in, si rasmi ah, Sevastopol oo waxba ma ay ka yimaadeen oo hoos timaad maamulka Russia baxay. Xaqiiqada ah in waqtiga "iibsiga" magaalooyinkii Yukreeniyaan of Crimean maamul jideeyey, ma Crimean Banaan Jamhuuriyadda, iyo Ruushka (by Samo falku xaaladda gaarka ah ee salka military).

Burburkii Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo soo laabashada hoosaad ka Crimean

In the 90s hore, markii kulan ee Belarus, waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay soo dumaan ee USSR ah, su'aasha ah ee awoodda dhulka Jasiiradda jeer kiciyey. Waxa ugu wayn waa in la qabto afti Crimean ee 1990, taas oo keentay in madax-bannaani ka bogsatay. Laba sano ka dib, Golaha Sare ee maxaliga ah qaatay ay dastuurka iyo baxshay Crimean Banaan Soviet Socialist Republic ee Jamhuuriyadda of Crimean. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Golaha Sare ee Yukreeniyaan ee magaca aan la ansixiyey.

Baarlamaanka Ruush ah ayaa si joogta ah kiciyey su'aasha ah ee sharcinimada kala iibsiga ee Crimea in Ukraine iyo baahida loo qabo in dib u soo galeen Ruushka keeno. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1990, heshiis lagu saxiixay on maqnaanshaha sheegashada dhul u dhexeeya wadamada CIS.

Yukreeniyaan xiisadda siyaasadeed ee 2014

Bilaabay in 2013, ee kacdoonnadii ka dhacay dalalka Ukraine ayaa sababa ganaax ee maamulka madaxweyne Yanukovych isdhexgalka Yurub ee dalka. banaanbaxyo nabad ah dadweynaha ku koray falalka dagaal firfircoon soo horjeeday taliskii siyaasadeed ee jira.

dhacdooyinka xiga All macno biloowday xawaaraha Hillaac leh, ka dib markii saarista ee Golaha Sare Madaxweyne Yanukovych ee Crimean Banaan Republic ayaa loo aqoonsan yahay isbedelka awood Kiev, ciidamada Crimean pro-Ruush xoojiyey, iyo iyagoo taageero ka helaya Russia ay awoodaan in ay afti ku saabsan soo laabashada saarney ee Ruushka.

aftida

Si aad u fudud ku riday, ereyada ah su'aasha keliya ee la gudbiyo si looga doodo dadweynaha, waxay ahayd: "Ha aad aragto Crimea oo qayb ka ah Russia?"

go'aamada ku degdegin, oo si joogta ah dib loo dhigay refenduma taariikhda ayaa loo yaqaan falalka firfircoon oo ka mid ah maamulka cusub ee Kiev. Asal ahaan qorsheeyey bilowgii May, aftida "On uu ku soo laabtay Russia" ayaa waxaa lagu qabtay on 16-kii March. Sida laga soo xigtay natiijooyinkii ay, Golaha Sare ee Crimea ansixiyay qaraar ku saabsan xornimada ee gobolka bannaan - Jamhuuriyadda Crimea.

Geedi socodka ah ee ku biiray Jasiiradda

Markuu ku dhawaaqdey inay madaxbannaanideedii, dowladda Crimean ayaa ka codsaday Federation Ruush ah la soo jeedinta ah in Jamhuuriyadda Crimea iyo magaalada Sevastopol ee Xuquuqda Federation. Go'aanka Moscow ee ma raagay. Gaar ahaan in ku dhawaaqidda xukunka fududaynta shabakadda sharciga goysiga by dhulalka ee Ruushka. Xaqiiqada ah in, sida sharciga waafaqsan Ruush, dowladda tixgelin karaan jeedinta ee goysiga ah ee Ruushka oo kaliya on unugyada maamul madax bannaan.

La hadal ah oo ku saabsan in, iyo Madaxweynaha Russia iyo Duma State iyo Golaha Federation of Russia "aan ka fikirin" qaatay soo jeedinta Crimea muhiim ma aha. Republic of Crimean iyo magaalada Sevastopol: Wasiirka kaluumaysiga oo dhan dhowr maalmood gudahood, iyo Ruushka ku soo biiray laba jilayaasha ayaa la degeen.

Dabcan, habka is dhexgalka waa adag iyo waqti dheer, gaar ahaan in ay dhacdo "xanibayo" meesha juquraafi. Laakiin niyadda iyo rabitaan dadweynaha ee Crimean la simi oo dhan ku haboonayn iyo dhibaatooyin kac.