Carl von Clausewitz: xaqiiqooyinka ka Biography ah, ka shaqeeya, xigashooyin

The shaqo ugu caansan ee guud a Prussian magacaabay Carl von Clausewitz la og yahay in qof kasta oo aqoon - ". On War" khuseeya a In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in weedhaha of Clausewitz waa xoojisay, dad aad u yar oo ka akhrisan kartaa this 700-page shaqada, rogay fikradda ah iska hor imaad ciidan.

CV

Carl von Clausewitz ahaa qoys sharaf leh ee ku abtirsan. Waxa uu mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka bilaabay military 1792. Shan sano ka dib, wuxuu ku noqday graduate ah Military Academy Berlin ah. Clausewitz markaas martiqaaday post ee adjutant, sidaas darteed wuxuu bilaabay in ay u adeegaan ee maxkamadda ee Prince of August Prussia. ciidamada Young uu ku lug lahaa soo horjeeda Prussia iyo France, kaas oo u 1806-1807 sano yimid. Marka Prussia ka adkaadeen, Carl von Clausewitz ka qeyb qaatay firfircoon horumarinta dib u habaynta la xidhiidha ciidanka. Inta lagu jiro wakhtigan uu sidoo kale bilaabay barayay dugsiga iyo qoraal uu warqad cilmi baadhis hore - ". Mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah ee dagaalkii"

Si dhakhso ah, Europe bilaabay in ay ogaadaan wax go'an oo uu iskahorimaadku ka dhexeeya Russia iyo France. Clausewitz go'aansaday inuu yimaado Russia iyo adeegga bilaabaan in ciidamada dalka Ruushka, halkaas oo uu dagaal ku dhex hoos imaanaya hoggaanka guud P. P. Palena. Clausewitz qaybgalay ee Battle of Borodino.

Start waxbarashada afka baarkiisa

Laga bilaabo theorist ciidamada 1818 shaqeeyay agaasimaha dugsiga military ee Berlin. Isla mar ahaantaana, isagu waa waxbarasho af buuxa ee arrimaha ciidamada. In ka badan 130 dagaallo iyo colaadaha - in cadadka guud ee wax la bartay halka Carl von Clausewitz.

"On War" - shaqo ugu ballaaran ee taliyaha, laakiin marka laga soo tago shaqada this, ayuu qoray tiro ka mid ah waxbarashada. In uu shaqo ku taalba, Clausewitz baarayo fikradaha sida ujeeddada dagaalka, ay ka kooban tahay, hababka guul iyo guul darro. Clausewitz waa cilmi ugu horeeyay, kaasoo ay soo jiidatay inay factor ee moral in dagaalka.

Waxay ahayd Carl von Clausewitz waxaas oo kale soo bandhigay sida a "hawlgal military". Ereygan waxa la fahamsan yahay silsiladda afka baarkiisa ah ee dagaallada iyo dhaqdhaqaaqyo ciidan for xaqiijinta ujeeddo gaar ah. Clausewitz ahaa si ay u caddeeyaan in wakhtiga dagaalka waa dagaal lama huraan awoodi - kulanka hubaysan oo u dhexeeya laba ciidamada iska soo horjeeda. kala duwan oo ka mid ah tabaha taliyayaasha iyo guuro taatikada kaliya yar saamayn kartaa natiijada guud ee dagaalka, taas oo ugu dambeyntii ay go'aamiyeen dheelitirka ee ciidamada.

"On War" - shaqada ugu weyn ee General weyn

shaqada ugu weyn ee Clausewitz ayaa lagu faafiyey uu dhintay ka dib (captain u dhintay cudurka daacuunka). khuseeya The "On War", lagu daabacay 1832, waa waxbarasho dhameystiran. Inta lagu guda jiro nolosha guud ee uu bedelay views qaar ka mid ah, laakiin si ay u badalaan shaqada iyo ma haysan waqti.

Waxaa la og yahay in theorist sare, saamayn aragtida reer taliyayaal badan military ee Warega of XIX - qarniyo XX - waa Carl von Clausewitz. Books in uu ku qoran in sii dheer in uu shaqada ugu muhiimsan - waa "Mabaadii'da of War", "Ololaha Talyaani ah Napoleon Bonaparte," "The fikirka military Jarmal". Shaqo on daraasaddan weyn - "On War" - Clausewitz sii naftiisa oo dhan.

In shuqulladiisa, taliyaha ciidamada jiray dagaallo inta badan hubaysan xiiso qarnigii la soo dhaafay iyo badh. In uu ahaa awoodaan si ay u muujiyaan failure oo ka mid ah wax-u dagaalladii golaha wasiirada ka dhacay XVII ah - qarniyo XVIII. halganka Kuwanu, wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ka hortagaan conquests Hillaac ee Napoleon ah. Ay yoolkeeda kama dambaysta ahaa lisanka jirin cadowga, iyo contrition deg deg ah. Ujeedada ugu weyn ee uu shaqada "On War" Clausewitz arkay siidaynta qarsoon ugu dhaqsiyaha badan guul Napoleon ee.

Fikirka Clausewitz ee Russia

Intii uu joogay Empire Ruush ah, Clausewitz ma uu karin sidoo kale in ay dadka Ruush jeclahay, ma si ay u bartaan luuqada Ruushka - duwan ninka ay Empress Catherine II. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, oo uu waxbarashada qoraal Empire Ruush ah muddo dheer door weyn ka ciyaaray ka badan in uu u dhashay Germany. image ee guud ahaan taas waxaa loo isticmaalaa by sheeko caan Leo Tolstoy ee "Nabadda iyo Colaadda". Laakiin waxaa jiray askari oo kuwa, kaas oo Clausewitz ahayd oo keliya cidhiidhi ah maskax Jarmal, kaas oo ay tahay lagama yaabo in ay helaan aqoon cusub.

Carl von Clausewitz: xigashooyin, aadan u baahan tahay oo kaliya in ay dagaal

cilmi badan ayaa waxay aaminsan yihiin in aragtida Clausewitz waa lagu dabaqi karo ma aha oo kaliya in arrimaha ciidamada, laakiin sidoo kale goobaha ay sida marketing, dagaal brand, iska horimaad siyaasadeed. "Ujeedada dagaalka waa in nabad lagu gaarey on shuruudaha kuwaas oo faa'iido in guusha" - waa mid ka mid ah qodobada ugu muhiimsan ee Clausewitz, kaas oo lagu saleyn karaa meelo kale, marka lagu daro arrimaha ciidamada.

Clausewitz diiddanyahay diiday caanka ah waqtiga u maleeyeen in muujiyey qoraa military Genrih Zhomini, arrimaha ciidamada hoos u postulates af iyo qaaciidooyinka. "Raacdada The cadowga, - qoray Carl von Clausewitz - waa fal labaad ee guusha, iyo xaaladaha intooda badan waa ay ka muhiimsan tahay guulaha ugu badan" element ugu weyn ee guusha kasta oo isku dhac iyo wareer Clausewitz loo arkaa qayb ka moral - .. xoog The ruuxa "Haddii aan hogaamiye fiican u dhiirranow waa fakari karin ... "- uu xusay in uu Taliyaha wuxuu qoray.

Clausewitz ayaa sidoo kale ka digay, "Dadka aan xusuusan ee la soo dhaafay waxaa lagu xukumay in ay ku soo celiyaan." Dagaalka, wuxuu aaminsan yahay taliye ciidan, ma aha oo kaliya kulanka u dhexeeya laba ciidamada horjeeda - laftiisa in ay tahay in la sii wado siyaasadda.

Ka dib markii shaqada "On War" noqday buug loogu talagalay theorist ka dibna u yaqaan military Helmut von Moltke, Clausewitz noqday qoraaga caanka ah ee Europe. Hoggaamiyayaasha badan oo military oo caan ah ayaa ku hoggaaminayay shuqulladiisa.