Capacitance korontada

Labada kirishbooyada, kuwaas oo ku dahaaran midba midka kale iyo kaalinta dhow si ay u sameeyaan capacitor ah.

The kirishbooyada sameynta lacag capacitor ee loo siman yahay ee magnitude oo lagu eedeeyay ka soo hor jeedda.

Si weyn loo isticmaalaa in ku dhaqanka waa capacitor guri ka kooban laba birood biraha isku midka ah kala daaha dielectric. Masaafada u dhaxaysa taarikada uu yahay mid yar marka la barbar dhigo ay size. taarikada capacitor waxaa loo yaqaan taarikada ee capacitor ah.

Si ka qaadaan saxan eedeeyay hor jeedda loo siman yahay, waxaa suurtagal ah in ku soo lifaaq ulihii ka mishiinka korontada. Markaas on saxan weyn oo lacag tagaa xun oo dhinaca kale ah - kharash wanaagsan.

Waxaad ku xidhan karto mid ka mid ah taarikada la gaari pole oo kale dhulka; halka on waslad khafiif ah oo kale by induction kac kharash, loo siman yahay ee magnitude oo ka soo hor jeedda calaamad in dacwadaan of saxan ugu horeysay. Haddii saxan iyo amarka waa positive, by saxan induction mas'uul ka xun; amarka wanaagsan waxaa Kipury by electrons ee ahaa wasladdii khafiifka, pritekshimi at saxan dhulka taas oo ah isha ficil kaydkiisu iyaga ka mid ah. Soo jiidatay in saxanka A wanaagsan soo oogay, amarka negative laga dhisi doonaa dusha hoose oo waslad khafiif ah oo soo food saartay A. ah

Haddii saxan A waxaa si xun u amray, oo ku electrons free waxaa ku eeliyey ka waslad khafiif ah oo ku saxan A ah, iyo waslad khafiif ah dhulkiisa ayaa sidaas si togan ku amray inay tagaan.

In labada kiisaska, eedeymaha ay ka hadlan ku wada jeeda meelaha A iyo B.

Maqnaanshaha eedeeyay ku saabsan meelaha dibadda ka dhigayaa suurto gal ah in gebi ahaanba lagu wareejiyo eedeeyay capacitor iyada oo dhinac dibadda ee taarikada ah. amarka capacitor ah waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa mas'uul ka ah mid ka mid ah taarikada ay, maadaama ay jirto lacag isku mid magnitude mid ag induction.

Ku biir saxan weyn ee capacitor ee la uleeyo electrometer, iyo waslad khafiif ah oo kale oo electrometer guryaha ku xeeldheer. Isticmaalka kuusha baaritaan mari doona lacag capacitor sequentially qaybood oo loo siman yahay. Waxaan la soco in iyadoo la kordhinayo mas'uul ee 2, 3, 4 jeer ama ka badan, siday u kala horreeyaan, 2, 3, 4 jeer ama in ka badan waxay kordhisaa farqiga u iman kara ee capacitor ah.

Qiimaha Tani, taas oo waxaa lagu cabbiraa ratio ee capacitor kharash in farqiga u iman kara ee taarikada ay (ama taarikada) waa capacitance ee capacitor ah.

waxay midani warqad C ah, waxaad u soo qori kartaa:

C = q / (φ1 - φ2).

duurka oo korontada ah oo u dhexeeya taarikada capacitor ku ool ah dhexdeeda xuddun, si ay jidhka ku wareegsanaa ma saamayn capacitance ee capacitor ah.

Tijaabo ayaa la sameeyey. Qaado capacitor saxan ka kooban yahay laba birood bir A iyo B, deyr on insulators.

Connect la saxan electrometer saxan A sidii xeeldheer. saxan lacag A, kuna waari dhexdeeda sumadda electrometer farqiga u gaar ah iman kara capacitor ah. Haddii saxan zoom B si A, waxa loo arki karaa in waslad khafiif ah oo kala duwan yihiin laga yaabo in hoos.

La dhimo farqiga u iman kara ee taarikada capacitor ay la socoto lacag joogto ah u muujinaysaa in la kordhiyo ay awoodda.

Sayidka, capacitor planar uu noqon doono weyn yahay masaafada u dhexeysa taarikada uu ka yar yahay ama ka yar dhumucda dielectric ku lifaaqan dhexeeya taarikada ah.

In wareegaayo qaraabo saxan si waslad khafiif ah oo ah A kor iyo hoos, waxaan beddeli doonaa aagga of taarikada ah, waa wada noqnoqashada. Inkasta oo logu akhrinta electrometer ah, la go'aamin karaa in meesha ugu weyn ee isa taarikada ee capacitor ah, ay awood u weyn. The ka weyn aagga of taarikada capacitor ah, ugu weyn amarka xoogga kartaa on inta lagu guda jiro this kara sinnaanta.

Aynu sameeyo tijaabo kale. Si loo qaban qaabiyo this taarikada capacitor A iyo B ee qaar ka mid ah masaafo ka mid kale, iyo wasladdii iyo amarka.

Fiiro gaar ah baaxadda farqiga u iman kara marka hawada u dhaqmo sida dielectric ah. Haddaba meel sheet galaas dhexeeya taarikada, ama insulator wax kalena u du; waan arki doonaa in farqiga iman kara waa la dhimay. Si aad u kicin in ay heerka hore, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in aad ku darto in ay saxan iyo amarka. Laga soo bilaabo tan u socota in bedelka ee lakabka hawada u dhexeeya taarikada ee capacitor ah wax dielectric kale kordhisaa awoodda.

Ha S₀ - capacitor capacitance, marka waxba kama jiraan ka dhexeeya taarikada ama hawada, iyo C - ay awooda iyadoo la isticmaalayo dielectric ah.

Qaybinaya C iyo S₀, waxaan ka heli permittivity dielectric ԑ:

ԑ = C / S₀.

Sayidka, ugu weyn ee permittivity of dielectric ah, weyn ka capacitance korontada ee capacitor ah.