Bialowieza Forest - maalka ummadda!

Waa maxay Forest Bialowieza ah? First of dhan, waa ka hadhay ugu weyn ee kaynta relic primeval on dhul fidsan. Sida laga soo xigtay aragtiyo of saynisyahano casriga ah, kaynta in times innoo waxaa ku yaalla Europe, laakiin waxa uu qayb ahaan jaray muddo. In ay foom badan ama ka yar asalka ah waxaa la wada ilaaliyo, oo kaliya sida soo diyaariyeen badan oo ku saabsan dhulka ee gobolka Bialowieza ah, kuwaas oo, ee jeedo, waxa uu ku yaalaa on dalalka Poland iyo Belarus.

kaynta Juqraafiga

Bialowieza Forest - meel, kaas oo ay maamushaa xadka u dhexeeya labada dal - Republic of Belarus iyo Republic of Poland. in this kaynta bikrad Next waa lagu qaybsanyahay caanka innoo ee Black iyo Baltic ee Badaha. The dhirta iyo ugaarta goob juquraafi ahaaneed waa mid gaar ah. Si aad u badbaadin in Forest Bialowieza ku dhisay afar hababka ilaalinta:

• ilaaliyo zone;
• meesha madadaalo;
• Zone isticmaalka gacanta;
• zone dhaqaale.

Waxaa intaa dheer, ku dhawaad reserve dabeecadda, an aag-dhuleed aan dabiici ahayn. Forest, yaal dalalka Belarus iyo Poland, waa si dhab ah u gaar ah oo isugu soo ugu weyn ee oo dhan kaymaha innoo weli jira on dhulkeenna. Waxaa Dadwaynaha kaymaha geed (ajada iyo Patriots), iyo celceliska da'da ah, geed kasta - ugu yaraan 80 sano.

A yar oo taariikh

Tani reserve sida aag ilaaliyo gaar ah oo loo yaqaan sida ugu horreysa ee 1409, sanadka. Markaas, carshiga Polish fadhiistay boqorka by magaca Jagiello. Waxa ay ahayd in hanti gaar ah uu ahaa kaynta this. Waxa uu ahaa kii hal mar soo saaray amar boqornimo, sida uu sheegay oo dhan ugaarsadaan xoolo badan oo deggan dhulka kaynta relict, gebi ahaanba la mamnuucay. "Belovezhskoe khasnad" qayb ka mid ah uu ahaa Grand Duchy of Lithuania ka bilaabo sannadda 1413th, iyo in -1795, sanadka Russia ayaa ku biiray kaynta.

"Carruurta qoraafiga aad ..."

Ma waxaad u malaynaysaa in xidha erayga "qoraafiga" Erayga "kaynta"? Tani waa erayada ugu dhabta ah waa micne ah. Xusuusataan ereyadii song caanka ah: "Carruurta aad qoraafiga Ma doonayo in aan ku dhiman." Oo waa shil. Emperor Alexander I ee 1802, sanadka uu amar gabi ahaanba mamnuuc in ugaadhsan qoraafiga degganaa dalka reer Forest Bialowieza ah.

All isku 1802 sanadka, arrintan qayb ka mid ah gobolka Grodono noqday, astaanta rasmiga ah waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay qoraafiga. Laakiin ma aha oo kaliya this reserve qoraafiga xanaaneeyo caan ah. Dhulkeeda waxaa deggan badan oo xoolaha kala duwan iyo dhirta. Aan ka hadalno oo ku saabsan dhirta iyo ugaarta kaynta.

Bialowieza Forest. Xayawaanka iyo dhirta

Sida laga soo xigtay tirada noocyada dhirta iyo xayawaanka in ay degi dhulka this, Bialowieza Forest waa laga qabanin, ee Yurub oo dhan! Just qabaa, halkaas waxaa ku koraan ku dhow 1000 nooc oo dhirta abuur iyo muran vascular. Waxaa la diiwaangeliyey 260 noocyada kala duwan ee ajada, 570 noocyada likaha, iyo 300 nooc oo planus. "Bialowieza Forest" National Park - ma aha oo kaliya meel ay flora, laakiin sidoo kale ee dabiiciga ah "zoo" a real.

List of flora ee reserve ka mid ah 60 noocyada kala duwan ee nuujiya, 230 noocyada shimbir, 11 noocyada amphibian (lafdhabarka), 8 nooc oo gurguurta (xamaarato), 25 noocyada kalluunka iyo tiro badan oo ah xawayaanka - in ka badan 11000. Waxaa xusid mudan in dadka ugu badan ee nolosha qoraafiga gayiga kaynta Bialowieza ah.

Halkan waxaad ka heli kartaa geedo daaq waaweyn sida deerada, cawsha, elg, iska daaqda ugaadha duurjoogta. xayawaanka Carnivorous waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in kaynta yeey, Dawacooyinku, adhidibadeed, Lynx, afaer, marten, iwm Xayawaanka, Entomoolojisteyaasha kuwaas oo, u ilaaliyaan in Forest Bialowieza ayaa wali ah mid aad u dhif ah oo u gaar ah oo ay bulshada nooca xawayaanka. Waxaa ka mid ah cayayaan ku qori bololay ama dhintay, in likaha bukaa iyo xawayaanka aan doorbiday biyagaleenka iyo bogs.

Marka dhulka reserve degganaa ungulate waaweyn - safar. Nasiib darro, at xaadirka ah ee ay dadka dhintay ka baxay gebi ahaanba. Tours wejigiisa dhulka qarnigii XVII ee la waayay. Xayawaanka, taariikhyahanadu sheegaan in kuwan xayawaanka naasalayda ahaayeen inta ka badan kooxda hadda "Bialowieza" - qoraafiga. Si aad u noqoto qof daacad ah, qoraafiga, sidoo kale, ayaa qarka u of eynu ... Waxay, sida xayawaan kale oo badan oo ku nool reserve ah, waxaa ka mid ah International Red Kitaabka.

dhaxal ahaan aduunka

park National loo yaqaan "Bialowieza Forest" sanadkii 1992 ayaa waxaa ka mid ah in waxa loogu yeero Liiska Heritage Adduunka. Go'aankan waxaa iska lahaa UNESCO. Waxaa intaa dheer, si sax ah hal sano ah ka dib, park ka helay xaaladda wax-u Biosphere Reserve. In 1997, magaca reserve uu la gudoonsiiyey shahaado oo ka mid ah Golaha Ururka caalamiga ah ee Yurub si ay u dardar wada-shaqayn u dhaxaysa dhammaan quruumaha Yurub.

Mid ka mid ah dhacdooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee taariikhda meeshan gaar ahaa xad dhawaan - in 2014. Sida laga soo xigtay go'aanka kalfadhiga Guddiga Heritage Adduunka, by 23 June 2014, ee park-reserve "Bialowieza Forest" ka dhulka Belarus iyo Polish noqday hal Heritage World Site by UNESCO. U hubso in aad meeshan qurux badan booqo!