Ben Bernanke iyo aragtidiisa ku saabsan dhaqaalaha

Ben Shalom Bernanke wareegay guddoomiyaha Guddiga Guddoomiyayaasha ee System Reserve 01.02.06 Federaalka, waxaa bedelay Alana Grinspena. Congress si go'aansaday maxaa yeelay, Bernanke ogaa sida siyaasadda lacagta ayaa qayb ka Depression Great ah, oo la rumeysan yahay in sicir bararka lagu beegsanayo.

Tababaraha dhibaatada

Si looga hortago niyad-jabka oo caalami ah ee marxaladaha hore ee dhibaatooyinka baananka, waxa uu abuuray tiro ka mid ah qalab cusub Caal ah.

Bernanke keentay Reserve Federaalka Maraykanka, marka waxay noqotay kaalinta cusub si ay u qabtaan, tusaale ahaan, la badbaadiyey Bear Stearns iyo Rafaa caymiska ee AIG, wuxuuna iyaga siiyey $ 150 bilyan oo gargaar ah. Si aad u joojiso argagax caalamka, Caal ku deymin, in hay'adaha maaliyadeed oo dhan $ 540 billion.

Ben Bernanke (sawir laga qaaday ka dib in maqaalka) waxaa sidoo kale loo riixay in la balaariyo howlaha suuqa furan, marka laftiisa in la yareeyo dulsaarka ay yihiin kuwo aan ku filan oo ay joojiyo dhibaatada ka jirta 2008. Wuxuu eryadeen siyaasad ah isku mar yaraynta dulsaarka muddo dheer oo la kordhiyo muddada-gaaban.

Ben Bernanke iska casilay madaxa Caal ee January 31, 2014 lagu badalay xigeenka madaxa hore ee Federal Reserve Dzhenet Yellen, waa kan u dabacsanaadaan siyaasadaha uu.

Muhiim u ah dhaqaalaha Maraykanka

Guddoomiyaha ku Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke ahaa mas'uul ka ah maaraynta Maraykanka ee siyaasadda lacagta. muhiimadda ay leedahay doorka Reserve Federaalka ayaa kordhay xaddi ka badan tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, sida adkayn deynta qaranka maamulka wayn siyaasadda dhaqaalaha. Sida wakiil ka Reserve Federaalka Bernanke ahaa khabiir sare dhaqaale ee dalka, iyo erayada uu saameyn ah suuqa saamiyada oo dollar ah. Intii uu talada hayey guddoomiyaha System Reserve Federaalka ahaa qofka ugu muhiimsan ee dalka Mareykanka oo sidaas daraaddeed dhaqaalaha dunida.

Guddoomiyaha simaha Reserve Federaalka

In kasta oo xaqiiqda ah in qeexidda iyo hirgelinta siyaasadda lacagta ayaa Guddiga Federaalka on hawlaha suuqa furan, oo ah guddoomiyaha Caal ku dhaqan oo hoggaanka u. Tan iyo markii loo magacaabay muddo afar sano ah, waxaa la filayaa in ay tahay wax dheeraad ah oo madax banaan badan sarkaal la soo doortay oo masuul ka in codbixiyayaasha. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa Caal inay ka shaqeeyaan muddo dheer, halkii ay ka fal cadaadiska siyaasadeed ee muddada gaaban. Tools Caal, sida heerka lacagaha federaalka, si tartiib ah u dhaqmaan, muddo lix bilood ah. dhaqaalaha Mareykanka ayaa u eg yahay markab weyn u baahan yahay jihada a horusocod ah. siyaasad lacageed "stop-tago" keenaysaa in aan la hubin, oo mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu weyn ee stagflation ee 1970 ahaa.

Crisis 2008 magaalada of

Haddii Bernanke aad hal-abuur codsatay qalabka la heli karo iyadii. madaxda Previous kaliya loo isticmaalo ee heerka lacagta federaalka - waxay kor si ay u joojiyaan bararka ama hoos u si looga hortago in hoos u dhac ah. In muddo ah ka September 2007 ilaa December 2008 Bernanke si xoog leh heerka hoos 10 jeer ka 5.25% 0%.

Laakiin waxa aan ahaa ku filan si loo soo celiyo hantidooda ee bangiyada, ka dib markii hadalladaas default ee amaahda subprime. daymaha ayaa la sheegay inay u habayn iyo iibin sidii securities mortgage-shabaab si adag in qofna runtii garan kari waayeen oo haystay deymaha xun.

Sidaas darteed, bangiyada ayaa joojiyay daynta in waqti-gaaban, taas oo sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo si ay u buuxiyaan shuruudaha reserve ee Caal ee. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo Bernanke ee debecsan, oo ay hoos u dulsaarka, iyo ugu dambeyntii, uu siiyo amaah ah uu furmo suuqa dhimis loo marayo.

Marka in ku filan ma ahayn, in December 2007, wuxuu abuuray fund Taf iyada oo loo marayo taas oo Caal ku deymin, bangiyada balaayiin dollar, qaadashada sida deymaha xun dammiin. Taf loo moodayay in ay qiyaas ku meel gaadh ah ilaa ay hay'adaha maaliyadeed ma qori deymaha xun, oo mar kale bilaabaan inay wax amaahisaan midba midka kale. Marka ay tani ma aysan dhicin, Taf la qaadan weyn, oo gaarey meesha ugu sarreysa oo ah $ 1 trillion ee June 2008.

badbaadinta nidaamka dhaqaale dunida

Bernanke la bangiyada dhexe shaqeeya adduunka oo dhan si loo soo celiyo hantidooda, marka suuqyada credit dhegtay. Waxa uu kor u kacay overnights iyo khadadka credit isku bedelasho muddo gaaban waxaa loogu talagalay si ay u ilaaliyaan stock ee lacagta Mareykanka markii dalalka kale Ganacsi 180 bilyan oo doolar. Tani waxa ay ahayd lagama maarmaan, maxaa yeelay, bangiyada bilaabeen in ay lacag kaash ah argagixin Hase yeshee. Wayna ka cabsadeen inay wax amaahisaan kasta oo kale, maxaa yeelay, iyagu ma doonayaan in ay la soo Guuriyay ahayn amaahda subprime joogo.

Bishii Abriil 2008, Guddoomiyaha Reserve Federaalka Ben Bernanke qaban-fadhigiisa ugu horreeya aan caadi ahayn ee 30 sano ee la soo dhaafay in la damaanad qaado deyn Bear Stearns si JP Morgan ka iibsan kari lahaa. Waxaa suurto gal ah in ay ka fogaadaan default ah in qadarka 10 trillion dollars, taas oo waxaa iska leh Bear Stearns, iyo bangiyada ayaa awoodi muddo dhawr bilood ah si taahaan la gargaarka. Inta lagu guda jiro II sq. Sannadkii 2008 dhaqaalaha koray, iyo dad badan oo u maleeyey in ay musiibo dhacdo waxaa ka leexiyeen.

Laakiin bishii September 2008, shirkadda caymiska ee aduunka ugu weyn ee AIG ku dhawaaqay kicitaan ee suurto gal ah. AIG Worldwide caymis deynta mortgage of trillions of dollars. Haddii shirkadda guuldareystay, waxa ay dhaawici lahayd bangiga kasta, fund deyr iyo fund hawlgabka sida hanti lahaa securities mortgage-shabaab. Bernanke ayaa sheegay in taageero AIG isaga kaga cadhaysiiyeen ka badan wax kasta oo kale u dhicii. AIG qaaday khatarta ku saabsan alaabta non-nidaamiyo, sida bedelashada credit default, iyadoo la isticmaalayo dadka policyholders lacag caddaan ah.

dhaleeceyn

Sharci-dajiyayaasha iyo dhaqaaleyahannada badan ayaa dhaleeceeyey "Helicopter Ben," waayo duro dhaqaalaha trillions badan oo doolar, taas oo laga yaabo inay keeni karaa sicir bararka iyo kor u deyn. Qaar kale waxa ay ku eedeeyeen in xaqiiqda ah in uu kaliya ma saadaal u dhicii ah. Waxaa lagu eedeeyay qarinta ah macluumaad ku saabsan bangiyada in ay kor u heleen inay $ 2 trillion ee amaahda Taf. Rep Ron Pol iyo kuwo kale ayaa ku baaqay in hubinta Caal ah si ay u muujiyaan єtih magacyada finansovіh hay'adaha. Ben Bernanke, dib u eegista ah ee oo sharci badan ma ay ahaayeen kuwo aad u soo jiidasho leh, halis ma heli dib-u-ballan ku January 2010. Laakiin Obama waxaa sameeyey fudayd.

Life ka dib fariistay

Muddo yar ka dib is casilaada u yimid buug xusuus ah oo ku saabsan dhibaatada iyo raadka ay, qoraaga ah taas oo ahayd Ben Bernanke. "Courage in Sharciga" qeexayaa muddada uu isagu talada hayey ee madaxa Caal ah, iyo sidoo kale ku jira qirashada in uu mar dambe waa Jamhuuriga a yeelay, wuxuu ahaa daalay "cabista xubnaha xisbiga si jaahilnimada xaq u xad-dhaaf ah." Sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, maanta waa fikirka dhexdhexaad ah oo madax banaan oo ku sii, si ay mustaqbalka ugu.

Waxaa intaa dheer, isagu waa qoraaga of dhowr buugaag ku saabsan dhaqaalaha, oo ay ku jiraan:

• "Cawaaqib Non-lacageed ee xiisadda dhaqaale ee faafinta ee Depression Great"
• "Macroeconomics of Depression Great"
• "Sicir Beegsasho: Lessons of Experience International"
• buugga "Macroeconomics" (Ben Bernanke, Endryu Abel).

Bishii Febraayo 2014 uu noqday xubin sharafeed ka buuxa machadka Brookings. La taliyaa Hutchins Center on wacyigalinta dadweynaha ee ku saabsan siyaasadda cashuuraha iyo monitarnoy iyo kor u ah waxtarkeeda.

Ben Bernanke: Biography

Bernanke waxa uu ku dhashay on 13/12/53 in Augusta (GA), oo ku koray Dillon (South Carolina). Ben ee aabbihiisna wuxuu ahaa farmashiistaha, oo hooyadiis - macallin.

At 12 jir, waxa uu ku guuleystay tartanka higaada gobolka aqoon. Isagu wuxuu isu baray kalkulas kala duwan oo muhiim ah, tan iyo markii mowduucan ahaa uu ka maqnaado dugsiga. Ben sidoo kale ciyaaray altsaksofone.

ka Kulliyadda Dhaqaalaha ee Jaamacadda Harvard (1975) wuxuuna ka qalin jabiyay oo helay uu Ph.D. at MIT (1979).

Ben Bernanke iyo xaaskiisa Anna ahaayeen guursan May 29, 1978 waxay lahaayeen laba caruur ah.

Markaasuu bilaabay inuu wax ku barayay dhaqaalaha ka dhiga jaamacadda Stanford, halkaas oo uu ka shaqeeyay 1979-1985, siday u kala horreeyaan. professor Full, wuxuu noqday sannadkii 1985, markii uu u dhaqaaqay Jaamacadda Princeton, iyo shaqeeyay sida professor a booqanaya at University New York iyo MIT. Waxa uu si weyn loo daabacay on kala duwan ee arrimaha dhaqaalaha, in H. Vol. On mawduucyada ee macroeconomics, siyaasad lacageed, Depression Great iyo wareegga ganacsiga.

Waxa uu helay Guggenheim Fellowship iyo Sloan Foundation ah, oo sannadkii 2001 noqday tifaftiraha "Review dhaqaalaha American". sanadka soo socda waxaa loo doortay xubin ka mid ah Caal ee Board of Governors, oo noqday kuwa loo yaqaan oo uu cilmi baaris qoto dheer oo diplomacy marka fikrado ka mid ah taliyayaasha kala duwan. saamaynta siyaasadeed Bernanke noqday cad horraantii 2005 markii uu ku magacaabay Gudoomiyaha Madaxweynaha Guddiga arrimaha dhaqaalaha.

In 2009, "Time" magazine ayaa isagii ku magacawday Man of the Year.

falsafada

Ben Bernanke ahaa ka yar warka badan ka badan Greenspan, kuwaas oo si joogto ah la hadlay oo ku saabsan mawduucyada aan la xiriira siyaasad lacageed, oo ay ku jiraan faalloonaya u dhaca miisaaniyada iyo debcinta cashuuraha. Waxa uu sidoo kale ahaa taageere firfircoon oo ka mid ah more hufan Reserve System Federaalka, kaas oo si cad u kala ka "fedyaza" Greenspan, kuwaas oo uu suuqyada ma overreacted hadalo uu ka isticmaalo.

Source macluumaadka, kaas oo u ogolaanaya si aad u hesho fikrad ah oo ku saabsan falsafada shakhsiga, ku dooday by Ben Bernanke - buugaagta iyo comments dhaqaaleyahan.

sicir bararka lala beegsaday

Ben Bernanke, Caal bedelay waqtiba waqtiga ka Greenspan bilaabay in la dhiso diirada u tiro gaar ah sicir bararka. Iyadoo bangiyada Yurub badan, oo ay ku jiraan Bangiga England iyo baanka dhexe ee yurubiyanka, bartilmaameed gaar ah, United States aan sameeyey, iyo Greenspan ma ahaa taageere u ahaa hab noocan ah.

Oo wakhtigii hore ee Bernanke, kuwaas oo kala duwan falsafada iyo stylistic aasaasiga ah la Greenspan kiciyey suuqa. Suurtagalnimada u dhaqaaqo siyaasad ah bartilmaameedsiga ka walwalsan falanqeeyayaasha qaar ka mid ah, sida Greenspan marna isku dayeen in ay sii bet adag. awkwardness waxaa la ciribtiray markii Bernanke joojiyay ka hadlay sida tirooyinka gaar ah.

Tan iyo markaas uu sii siyaasadda ee furfurnaan dheeraad ah Caal ah, gaar ahaan marka dhamaadka 2007 kor u kacay inta jeer ee saadaasha. Reserve Federaalka bilaabay si ay u daabacaan saadaasha biloodle ah koritaanka dhaqaalaha iyo qiimaha, marka la barbar dhigo hore semi-sannadlaha ah. Waxay sidoo kale waxay bilaabeen inay daboolaan muddo saddex sano ah, iyadoo laba sano ka hor marka la barbar dhigo.

sicir-jab

Baadhitaanka ayaa Benom Bernanke Depression Great fajac isaga dan u cimri dheer ee saamaynta sicir-jab iyo saamaynta ay ku nolosha dadka. Waxa uu sidoo kale helay Carar xoog leh sicir-jab iyo culays xoog leh oo ku saabsan ka hortaga.

dareenkiisa oo arrintan ku saabsan ka bariyeelay markii bishii November ee 2002 wuxuu siiyey hadalka ah oo cinwaankeedu ahaa "sicir-jab,. Sidee si loo hubiyo in ay ka maqan" Wuxu tilmaamay, in fikradda ah dhaqaaleyahan ka Milton Friedman ku saabsan lacagta ugu ridayo dhaqaalaha in helicopter ah. Kordhinta hantidooda suuqa iyadoo la kordhinayo helitaanka lacag deynsanaya iyo dulsaarka hoose for amaahashada koritaanka caawisaa dardargelinay dhaqaalaha iyo joojiso cadaadiska deflationary. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ee macnaha guud ee kulanka, waxa uu ahaa in lagu muujiyo taxane ah oo qalab Caal in ay wax uga qabato, xitaa ka yar shuruudaha eber heerka.

sicir bararka

Iyada oo lagu xakamaynayo cadaadis deflationary by kordhisay helitaanka lacagta yeelan karaan natiijo cad u sicir-bararka, taas micnaheedu ma aha in Bernanke dhayalsan sicir bararka. Waxa uu taageeray iyada oo lagu beegsanayo si loo ilaalin heerarka yar iyo mid deggan si kor loogu qaado koritaanka dhaqaale oo joogtaysan.

Ben Bernanke (card dalwaddii): dib u eegista

Magaca oo ah dhaqaaleyahan caan ah oo ka soo dhibaatada keenay nidaamka dhaqaale ee caalamka, ma guul daraystaan in ay ka faa'iidaystaan dadka musuqmaasuqa. "Total" for 444 rubles, waxay yabooho in ay bixiyaan 2-59 kun. Rubles. tilmaamaha waxaa weheliya video ah, kaas oo ku hadla ee Ben Bernanke. maps Virtual, dib u eegista ah oo laga heli karo Internet-ka - nidaam ee soo bixid been abuur muwaadiniinta la siri karo. Iyo wax kale.

Ben Bernanke - Economist - yaqaanada saamaynta Depression Great ah, mid ka mid ah US musiibada ugu weyn ee dhaqaale, iyo style waxaa la aasaasay by sano oo shaqo ah in System Reserve Federaalka. Waxa uu ballan sii koorsada dhigay by isaga ka horeeyay, oo uu si wanaagsan u helo suuqyada dhaqaale, tan iyo sii socodka ah ee guddoomiyaha Caal waa furaha in ay xasiloonida.