Atoomikada madaafiic 420 mm 2B1 "Oka": sooc

Taariikhda culus-waajib ku ah hubka madaafiicda dagaalka waxaa ka buuxa khajilka iyo curiosities. In Kremlin Moscow waxaa matalaya noo soo jiidashada taariikheed - Cannon Tsar ah, shaqo a Fanka iyo kibirka smelters Ruush. Qof walba waa ogyahay in, in kasta oo kaamil ah ay farshaxanka of dil, waa qalab weyn marnaba rasaas. Waxaa jira tusaalooyin kale oo hub ah, yaabi by size weyn laakiin qiimaha shaki ku ool ah. Mid ka mid ah uma shaqayn karo sidii dhoobada malaasta ah qaaradda 2B1 "Oka". Marka la barbardhigo Cannon Tsar ah, waxa loo adeegsaday ee ay ujeedada looga danleeyahay, laakiin kaliya qubka.

Madaafiicda iyo megalomania

qoryaha madaafiicda weyn ku dhaqan ayaa "jaceeylka" ee siyaasad gumeysi Jarmal. Bishii Maarso 1917, Wehrmacht ku duqeeyay Paris, iyadoo la isticmaalayo weyn-heerkiisa qoryaha long-range. The deggan City weligeed ma filan weeraro sida, safka hore ahaa fog. Faransiis The, markeeda, dhisay qoryahoodii weyn, iyo 30 sano si ay u rakibi on Maginot ku Line daafaca. Jarmalka iyaga qabtay bilowga ah ee dagaalkii labaad ee dunida iyo waqti dheer (Duugga ah) waxa la baadhay koobab. Shaqeeyaan horumarinta qalabka awood u dhiibi rasaas culus 100 kiilomitir ama wax ka badan, ka dhigay in Britain iyo USSR. Saamaynta codsiga of nibiriyada, kuwaas oo ahaa ku dhaqanka ma noqon si weyn. mas'uul oo waaaweyn aaso dhulka ugu saamaynta oo waxaad kala gooysay hoos dhumucdiisuna oo aan yeeleynin badan. Xaaladda bedelay ka dib muuqaalka kore ee hubka nukliyeerka.

Maxaa loogu baahan yahay madaafiic nuclear ee da'da meel bannaan oo?

Seynisyahanno soo shaqeeyay on qaraxa qaaradda, hawsha ugu weyn ee marxaladda hore ee cilmi-baarista. Kharashka loo baahan yahay in ay qarxiyaan, ama sida loo cadeeyo waxtarka hubka cusub? Laakiin halkan oo lamadegaanka Nevada ugu horeysay "likaha" ayaa soo sara kacay dalka u sarreeya, oo yimid su'aasha kacay sida loo oodda laga qaado awoodda buuxda ee silsilad reaction nuclear madaxa soo horjeeda ee. The-baarka ugu horeysay waxay ahaayeen kuwo ku culus, oo way qabsadeen waqti badan si loo yareeyo miisaankooda in qiimaha la aqbali karo. "Fat" ama "ilmaha" qaadan karaan shirkadda "Boeing" qarxiyay istiraatiiji ah B-29. In 50-ka sano Midowga Soofiyeeti ayaa gaarsiinta ah gantaalada awood ka dhigan tahay heli karo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, khasaare halis ah. IDB damaanad qaaday burburinta bartilmaameed ee ugu awoodda badan iyo cadowga ugu weyn, Mareykanka, gaar ahaan siiyey maqnaanshaha complete in muddada hantida anti-gantaal. Laakiin duulaankii ee gardarrow iyo in loo diyaar garoobo laga yaabaa in Western Europe, halka istiraatiiji ah gantaalaha ballistic, waxaa jira xad ah oo ku saabsan gacan ugu yar. Iyo aragtiyaha dagaal u soo jeestay in madaafiic badan oo u muuqda dhacsan ay fiiro.

initiative American iyo jawaabta Soviet

Midowga Soofiyeeti wuxuu ahaa mid aan bilaabaha ee tartanka hubka madaafiicda, waxay bilaabeen inay Americans. In guga ee 1953, in lagu aaso Nevada banka Faransiis T-131 shot qoriga ugu horeysay la ceyriyay, masaafada u diray heerkiisa hub nuclear ah 280 mm. duulimaadka gano socday 25 ilbiriqsi. Works on mucjiso this of technology horey u ahaayeen dhowr sano, iyo sidaas, jawaabta Soviet in initiative Maraykanka yaabaa in loo tixgeliyo daahsan. Bishii November 1955, Golaha USSR ee Wasiirada ayaa soo saartay qaraar (qarsoodi), sida laga soo xigtay oo Kirov Plant iyo Kolomna Machine-Building SKB baray si ay u abuuraan labada noocyo ka mid ah hubka madaafiicda: qoryaha (taas oo heshay magac ku suntan "capacitor-2p") iyo malaastiisa oo 2B1 "Oka". baaqday in laga soo gudbo.

Shuruudaha tixraaca ee kakanaanta gaar ah

Miisaanka of amarka nuclear mid sare. Ka hor inta kooxda design hogaaminayo CSC bi Shavyrina ku lahaa shaqo adag, si ay u abuuraan zashvyrnut awood miisaan madaafiic jirka jirka ah 750 kg fogaan ah ilaa 45 kilomitir. Waxaa iyo xuduudaheedu sax, inkastoo aan sida adag sida rasaas projectiles engeeg. qoriga waxa uu ahaa si ay u hantiyaan halaynta gaar ah, damaanadna tiro cayiman oo shots, xitaa in xaaladaha dagaal nuclear (inkastoo koobnayn), waxa hubaal ah in aanay ka badnaan kari lahaa tirada hal-god. Mobility - xaalad khasab ah, qori taagan cadowga dagaalka ka dib waxay bilaabeen ku dhawaad Balanqaad baabbi'in. daryeelka jiifku shaqaalaha wershedaha, shaqaalaha Kirov noqday ka Leningrad. Xaqiiqada ah in malaastiisa oo 2B1 "Oka" wuxuu noqon doonaa weyn, waxa uu ahaa cad si degdeg ah, xataa ka hor bilowga ay design.

jiifku

Kirov Plant lahaa waayo-aragnimo qani ku ah dhismaha jiifku crawler u gaar ah, laakiin fursadaha la rakibo lagu qiyaasay, taas oo qotomiyey waqtigan, tegey ka baxsan baaxadda ilaa haatan oo dhan suurto gal. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, samaynta la hawsha, guud ahaan, adkaysatay. The ugu awoodda badan waqtiga IP-taangiga 5 (sidoo kale loo yaqaan IP-10 iyo T-10) adeegay sidii a "deeq", siinta "diidid 273" powerplant, qalbiga wixii lagu turbocharged naaftada awoodda 12-6B B of 750 litir. a. Iyada oo load noocan oo kale ah xataa this engine waajib culus ayaa waxaa ku koobnayn nolosha adeeg, bixinta reserve ka mid ah oo kaliya 200 km (highway). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awood u gaar ahayd badan, mashiinka kasta oo ton wadaa in lagu dhamystiro ku dhawaad 12 "fardo" in kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si ay u sii horumarka a dhammaataan la aqbali karo, wallow uu kooban yahay. Waayo, 2B1 bogies "Oka" iyo "Capacitor-2p" loogu talagalay uniform, ma aha oo kaliya sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinka simayo, laakiin sidoo kale by xaqiiqada ah in wax awood badan si ay u abuuraan waqti in ay ahayd wax aan macquul aheyn si fudud. giraangiraha Road qalabaysan macdanka dogob torsion shaqsi.

420 madaafiic mm 2B1 "Oka" oo ay jirridda

jirridda waxay leedahay size cajiib ah. loading ayaa waxaa fuliyay by dayaca ah, ee dhererkeedu labaatan mitir jidka kala duwan ahaa aan la aqbali karin. All qalabka tamarta recoil furashada hore loo isticmaalay tan iyo qoryaha superheavy kiiskan lahaa waxtarka aad u yar. Atoomikada 420 madaafiic mm 2B1 "Oka" lahayn oo tuban jirridda, ay heerka gaadhay 12 wareeg saacaddiiba, taas oo loogu talagalay qoriga heerkiisa tani waa tilmaame aad u wanaagsan. The Kanoqo weyn ee marinka u adeegeen aad jirkaaga of mishiinka, sloths iyo waxyaalo kale oo jiifku.

Banaanbaxa

On March oo dhan mishiinka weyn ahaa hal qof oo kaliya - wadaha. lix kale, oo ay ku jiraan taliyaha xisaabinta, raaceen 2B1 hoobiye "Oka" in baabuur gaashaaman ama gaari kale. On parade oo lagu sharfayo guuradii ee Kacaanka October ee 1957, gaariga soo gaaray ka dib markii la soo maray oo dhan imtixaanada. In koorsada of shaaca ka badan ayna duleella u design ay, lahaa ee ugu nidaamsan. Ka hor inta ku weriye yaabeen wargeysyada shisheeye iyo majaladaha Roob jiiska is-gano madaafiic 2B1 "Oka", iyo Dhawaaqay ku faraxsan si cad u shaacisay oo ku saabsan shaqo dagaalka ee yaxaas cyclopean ah. Ma aha oo dhan khubaro militari oo la rumaysan yahay in xaqiiqada matalo marka, xitaa fikrado waxay ka dhawaajiyeen in ay tahay u bursatay ah. Falanqeeyayaasha kale la rumeysan yahay nooca amaanaa qalab this iyo dhaba soo gaaray song la yaqaan ku saabsan khatarta military Soviet. Oo labadoodiiba waxay ahaayeen in ay xaq u gaar ah. 420-mm is-gano madaafiic 2B1 "Oka" waxaa jira arrin dhab ah, iyo xataa dhigay badan oo darbo imtixaanka. su'aal kale oo la xiriira in ay cimri dherer iyo diyaar dhabta ah.

natiijada

Mashiinka 55-ton oo aan qaadan kara buundada kasta, kaliya seddex sanno ka dib markii bandhig ku saabsan Red Square ayaa laga saaray adeegga. Isku day ku dhameysteen afar prototypes madaafiic 2B1 "Oka" ayaa lagu joojiyo 1960 laba sababood oo waaweyn. First, qaybaha jiifku ay yihiin ma ay xajin xamuulka wayn kala kulantay inta lagu guda jiro recoil riixo mashiinka oo dhan, waayo, shan mitir dib, iyo dhammaan tallaabooyinka si ay u xoojiyaan ma siin natiijada. xadka ee xoogga daawaha sax ah weli waa ay jiraan. Marka labaad, mar waxaa jiray sidayaal gantaal taatikada ayaa qaab ciyaareed aad u fiican iyo dhaqaaqa fiican. Sida aad ogtahay, gantaal ku qaadataa off aan soo laabtay, sidaas awgeed, dalabka ay Launcher badan kaagana. Waxaa jiray arrin kale oo saamayn aayaha of qalab this gaar ah. Atoomikada madaafiic 420-mm 2B1 "Oka" ujecel miisaaniyadda waa mid aad u qaali ah, iyo dhameystir ahaa rajada aad caddayn. Waxaas oo dhan ka qayb qaatay in xaqiiqda ah in gaariga ka category hubka sare dagaalka galay tiro ka mid ah soo bandhigaa museum dhacay, isagoo intaa ku daray in ay liiska curiosities military.