MANPADS "darbo": sifooyinka iyo marka la barbardhigo analogues

Ka mid ah hubka casriga ah, si ballaaran primyanyaemogo in khilaafaadka maxalliga ah, door muhiim ah waxaa ciyaaray by MANPADS. Waxay si ballaaran labada isticmaalo in ciidammadii reer dalalka kala duwan iyo ururada argagixisada ah ee dagaalka ka dhanka ah diirada hawada. tixraaca noocan oo kale ah waxaa loo arkaa hub MANPADS Maraykan ah "darbo".

Taariikhda oo ka mid ah abuurka iyo hirgelinta

MANPADS "darbo xoogan" ayaa loogu talagalay oo soo saaray in General US shirkad Dynamics. Laga bilaabo nidaamka hubka waxaa loola jeedaa 1967. In 1971, MANPADS fikradda lagu ansixiyay Ciidamada Mareykanka oo qaatay sida noocooda ay ku wanaajiso mustaqbalka hoos astaanta FIM-92. Sanadka soo socda ayaa waxaa aqbalay oo magaceeda lahjadeed mucayan ah "darbo", kaas oo ka soo Ingiriisi lagu turjumay. Waxaa loola jeedaa "Micida".

Maaddaama ay dhibaatooyin farsamo ee furayey gantaal dhabta ah marka hore ka adag oo ka dhacay kaliya ee bartamihii 1975-. wax soo saarka Serial ee MANPADS "darbo" bilowday 1978 iyada oo ujeedadu of bedelay MANPADS huriye FIM-43 Red Eye, sii daayo tan iyo 1968dii.

Waxa intaa dheer in model aasaasiga ah waxaa la sameeyey iyo soo saaray darsin ka badan versions kala duwan ee hubka.

baahay dunida oo dhan

Sida kor ku xusan, MANPADS "darbo" guulaysteen nidaamka MANPADS "Red Eye". gantaalo ay tahay hab wax ku ool ah wax ka qabashada diirada hawada low-sare. Currently, ugu kaxeynayo nooca ay isticmaalaan ciidamada qalabka sida ee Maraykanka iyo 29 dal oo kale, waxay soo saaray Raytheon Gantaalaha Systems oo hoos yimaada laysanka by EAD ee Germany. nidaamka hubka "darbo" waxay bixisaa difaaca ah hawada lagu kalsoonaan karo unugyada sare military mobile jidhadhka dhulka. Its dagaal waxtarka ayaa la caddeeyey in afarta colaadaha waaweyn, kuwaas oo ay caawimaad ayaa la burburiyey in ka badan 270 diyaaradaha dagaalka iyo diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca.

Ujeedada iyo sifooyinka

MANPADS tixgeliyo -, nidaam fudud isku-hawada difaaca in si degdeg ah la geeyay karaa ku dhufto ee ciidamada xaalad dagaal kasta. Waayo, wax alla ujeedooyinka MANPADS "darbo" waxaa laga dalban karaa? Features gantaalo, hanuuniyey microprocessors reprogrammable labadoodaba u isticmaali kartaa si aad u bilowdo ka helicopters ee "air-hawada" mode si loola dagaallamo diirada hawada, iyo sidoo kale difaaca ee "dhulka-to-hawada" mode. Isla markii la bilaabay ee askari ee waa lacag la'aan in ay ka baxsadaan, si looga fogaado in dab soo laabtay, sidaas gaaro amaanka iyo dagaalka ay ku oolnimada.

gantaal wuxuu leeyahay dherer ah 1,52 m iyo ballaciisu yahay ee 70 mm iyo height a of 10 cm oo afar meelaha ay gacanta ku aerodynamic (labo ka mid ah kuwaas oo Rotary, iyo laba - sawiro) at qaansada. Waxaa misaankiisa 10.1 kg, halka miisaanka gantaal ka Launcher ku saabsan tahay 15.2 kg.

Lahjadaha of MANPADS "darbo xoogan"

- FIM-92A: version ugu horeysay.

- FIM - 92C: gantaal la microprocessor reprogrammiruemym. Saamaynta faragelinta dibadda ayaa magdhow by daray qaybaha computer digital oo awood badan. Intaa waxaa dheer, bandhigista software ayaa hada waxay beddeshay si muddo gaaban si ay si dhakhso ah oo wax ku ool ah ay ka jawaabaan noocyo cusub oo countermeasures (arrimha dibada iyo decoys). Ka hor 1991, oo ku saabsan 20 000 unug oo kaliya Ciidamada Maraykanka ayaa la soo saaray.

- FIM-92D: beddelka kala duwan ayaa loo isticmaalaa in version this si ay u kordhiyaan difaac in faragelin.

- FIM-92E: gantaal la Block microprocessor reprogrammiruemym I. darista shidma ka olaleeyan cusub, dib u eegis software iyo maamulka ayaa keentay in horumar weyn oo ay gacanta ku diyaarad gantaal ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, hufnaan halligaadda diirada u yar, sida drones, gantaalaha iyo diyaaradaha qumaatiga u kaca sahan iftiinka ayaa soo hagaagtay. The dhalmo ugu horeysay bilaabay sanadkii 1995. Ku dhawaad stock oo dhan lagu gano "darbo" ee dalka Mareykanka ayaa lagu bedelay version this.

- FIM-92F, horumar dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah E-version iyo version of-soo-saarka hadda.

- FIM - 92G: updates cayimin waayo doorasho D.

- FIM - 92H: D-doorasho u hagaagtey heerka E-version.

- FIM-92I: gantaal la microprocessor reprogrammiruemym Block II. version waxaa loo qorsheeyay oo ku salaysan waa on version E. Hagaajinta waxaa ka mid ahaa qariyay infrared. In ka beddelid this, la ogaado diirada u fog oo awood u leh in ay ka gudbaan faragelinta ayaa si weyn u kordhay. Intaa waxaa dheer, isbeddellada design si weyn u kordhin kartaa kala duwan ee ficil. In kasta oo shaqo ku gaareen wareega imtixaanka, barnaamijka la joojiyey sannadkii 2002 sababo miisaaniyadda.

- FIM-92J: gantaallo la Block microprocessor reprogrammiruemym aan la casriyeeyay qaybaha dhacsan in la kordhiyo nolosha by 10 sano oo kale. warhead ayaa sidoo kale ku qalabaysan fiyuuska u dhow si loo wanaajiyo ka dhanka ah drones.

ADSM, xakamaynta nidaamka difaaca hawada, kala duwanaansho la qariyay radar dadban oo dheeraad ah, Doorashadan ayaa sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa ka dhanka ah goobaha radar.

Habka gantaalaha

MPADS American "darbo" (FIM-92) ka kooban AIM-92 gantaal ah ku dhejisaa adag udaroustojchivyj bilaabay karo koonbo weyn. On labada dhamaado waa dabool xiran. Front iyaga ag maraaba infrared iyo ultraviolet shucaaca, kuwaas oo la falanqeeyay qariyay. At bilowga ah, daboolka waa gantaal jabay. jeldiga dambe ee weelka waa la wada baabbi'iyey jet gaaska ka kor loo. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in nozzles xawaaraha obliquely diyaarin marka la eego dhidibka gantaalo ah, weli at outlet ee weel la bilaabay waa keensataa mooshin Rotary. Ka dib markii la sii daayo gantaal ka soo weel in qayb ka mid dabada ay shaaca afar stabilizer oo waxaa lagu abaabulaa xagal jidhka. Sidaas oo ku saabsan its dhidibka ee Xuddunta hawlgalka duulimaadka.

Ka dib bixitaankii gantaal ku fogaan ah 8 mitir Waxuun operator ka soocay oo bilaabay heleyna motor labada heer ah. Waxaa dedejisaa xawaare gantaal in 2.2 m (750 m / s) oo ku haysaa Diyaaradii oo dhan.

Habka A for dooneysa iyo beera-engeeg gantaallo

Waxaan sii wadi in ay tixgelisaa MANPADS ugu caansan Maraykanka. "Darbo" isticmaalaa a diirada hawada doon infrared dadban. Waxa aanu dhaadheer shucaaca oo lagu ogaan karaa diyaaradaha, laakiin halkii ay ogaadaa tamarta infrared (kulaylka) sii daayay ujeedooyin aeronautical. Tan iyo MANPADS "darbo" shaqeeya hab qariyay dadban, hub this dhigma mabda'a "dabka iyo iloobin", taas oo aan u baahnayn fariin kasta oo ka operator ka dib markii rasaas, ka duwan gantaalaha kale in la hagaajiyo ay dhabbihii dhulka. Tani waxay u ogolaaneysaa farsamayaqaanka si uu "darbo" diyaar u ah inay ka adkaan ujeedooyin kale oo isla markiiba kadib tallaalka.

nooca qarxa warhead waxa uu leeyahay miisaan of 3 kg la qarxiye saameyn nooca iyo saacad ay isku burburin ah. warhead wuxuu ka kooban yahay infrared-shidma ujeedooyin crawler qaybta ah fusing iyo hal pound qarxa sare, ku lifaaqan ee dhululubo ah titanium pyrophoric. Fiyuuska waa mid aad u ammaan ah oo uma uu oggolaado in gantaal ah si ay u wiiqaan nooc kasta oo shucaac electromagnetic ee dagaalka. Madaxyada oo kaliya lagu qarxiyay karaa marka isku dhaceen ujeeddo ama ay sabab u tahay is burburinta dhacda in muddo 15 ilaa 19 ilbiriqsi ka dib markii ay ku bilaabatay.

qalab New arkidda

The versions dambeeyay ee MANPADS qalabaysan AN / PAS-18 hortiisa joogta ah. Tani waara, miisaanka yar hortiisa kaamerada, kaas oo la dhajinta on bilaabay koonbo weyn ah, bixinta awood u leh inay bilaabi gantaalo wakhti kasta oo ah maalintii. aalad waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu ogaado diyaaradaha iyo helicopters ka baxsan kala duwan ee ugu badan ee gantaalaha.

Shaqada ugu weyn ee AN / PAS-18 - wanaajiyo waxtarka MANPADS. Waxaa ka shaqeeya ee kala duwan isku mid ah spectrum ee electromagnetic sida gantaalada doon IR, oo lagu ogaadaa wixii ilaha shucaaca infrared, kaas oo lagu ogaan karaa oo gantaal. Habkaani sidoo kale awood hawlaha taageerada ilaalo habeennimo. Shaqaynta lahaayeen spectrum ee infrared, AN / PAS-18 wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa askari si ay u siiyaan beegsaday MPADS toogan gudcur total iyo xaaladaha aragti hooseeya (tus, ceeryaan, boodhka iyo qiiqa). Day ama habeenkii AN / PAS-18 ogaan karaa diyaarad at sare sare. Under xaaladaha aan fiicnayn, ogaanshaha waxa laga yaabaa in fogaan ah 20 ilaa 30 kilomitir. AN / PAS-18, ay ugu yaraan wax ku ool ah in aan ogaanno diyaaradaha ee sare u hooseeya, si toos ah duulaya xagga wadaha. Marka plume dhammayn diyaarad jirka qarisay, waxa aan la heli karin, ilaa iyo inta ay tahay meel ka baxsan aagga of 8-10 ka operator iska kiiloomitir. kala duwan oo ogaanshaha kordhiyaa marka diyaaradda badala ay jihada of duulimaad, bixinta dhammayn show ah ee u gaarka ah. AN / PAS-18 ayaa diyaar u ah in loo isticmaalo 10 ilbiriqsi gudahood ka dib xoog. Waxaa ku shaqeeya by batari lithium bixiya 6-12 saacadood nolosha batteriga ah. AN / PAS-18 waa kaabayaal aragti Night qalab iyo uusan haysan xal loo baahan yahay in la ogaado diyaaradda.

codsiga dagaal

Marka loo diyaarinayo in la isticmaalo weel si keebka via spetszamkov biiray keebka, kaas oo horena in korontada ka. Waxa uu la isticmaalayo cable la isku xira fur a ku xiran batteriga. Waxa intaa dheer in shabakadda on-guddiga dhex biiyaha gantaal ku xiran yahay taangiga a dareere la gaaska ah inert. qalab kale oo faa'iido leh waa ujeeddoyin aqoonsiyeed unit on nidaamka "saaxiib ama col" ee (IFF). nidaamka antenna waxa uu aad u dabeecad "Roobka" muuqaalka ah, waxaa sidoo kale ku lifaaqan farsamo keebka.

Immisa qof ayaa loo baahan yahay si ay u qabtaan gantaalaha ee MANPADS "darbo" ayuu? Features u ogolaadaa in sidaas la sameeyo by hal shaqaale ah, inkastoo si rasmi ah ay adeeg u baahan tahay laba qof. Xaaladdan oo kale, tirada labaad waxaa la socodka hawada. Marka bartilmaameed la ogaado, operator fallaadhiina waxay ka dhigeysa set ee garabka iyo kaxeeyaa goolka. Marka qabtay ay gantaal doon infrared maqli karo iyo gariirka alarm, ka dibna wadaha waa inuu ku hardiyi razarretirovat spetsknopki madal gyrostabilized xajiya duulaya qaraabo meel go'an in ay dhulka ku, bixinta booska degdeg ah ee ay gacanta ku gantaal ah. Raacay adigoo riixaya keebka, ka dib markii taas gaaska dareeraha ah inert for qaboojinta infrared doon galo gantaal qariyay ka weel on board, bilaabataa ay hawlgalka ku batari waa la tuuraa iyo siib awood fullaaci kara rogmatay suunka la bilaabay squib ah.

Ilaa intee ayaa la toogtay "darbo"?

Rasaas kala duwan oo ka mid ah MANPADS "darbo" ee height of 3500 m. Gantaal waxaa raadinaya iftiin infrared (kulaylka) soo saaray engine ee diirada u saaran diyaaradda, iyo diyaaradaha track waayo, ka dib markii isha this shucaaca infrared. Gantaalaha sidoo kale loo ogaado UV "hooska" shayga bartilmaameedka iyo u isticmaali si loo muujiyo bartilmaameedka ku saabsan asalka ah ee alaabta kale in ay soo saaraan kulaylka.

kala duwan ee MANPADS "darbo" Eebhaa hadafka la leeyahay waa tiro balaadhan oo ah nooc oo kala duwan waxaa ka mid ah. Sidaa darteed, muuqashadii aasaasiga ah ee kala duwan ee ugu badan waa loo siman yahay si ay u 4750 m, iyo version FIM-92E ilaa ay ka gaarayso 8 km.

MANPADS TTX "darbo xoogan"

MANPADS Ruush "Igla"

Waxaa la og yahay, waayo xiiso leh in la is barbar dabeecadaha MANPADS "darbo" iyo "Igla-S", ay qaateen ee ciidamada Ruush ee 2001. sawir hoose wuxuu muujinayaa xaadirka ah ee tallaalka MANPADS "Igla-S".

Labada kaxeynayo miisaanka dhow lagu gano, "ayuu darbo" - 10, 1 kg, for "Irbad-C" - 11.7, inkastoo gantaalada Ruushka dheer 135 mm. Laakiin dhexroor jidhka labada gantaalo waa mid aad u dhow, 70 iyo 72 mm, siday u kala horreeyaan. Labaduba waa awood garaacid bartilmaameed at Joogga ilaa 3500 mitir la warhead qariyay infrared ah oo miisaankiisu yahay qiyaastii siman.

Iyo sifooyinka kale ee sida la mid ah MANPADS "darbo" iyo "irbad"? Isbarbardhigga shows ay qiyaasaan sinnaanta fursadaha, taas oo mar kale xaqiijinayaa in heerka mashaariic kale oo difaaca Soviet si fiican laga yaabaa in ee Russia sara kiciyey si ay ku dayashada fiican shisheeye ee hubka.