Aromorphosis - waxa uu yahay waxan?

Sida laga soo xigtay aragtida ah ee horumar, dhammaan xayawaanka iyo dhirta ka jira dunida maanta ka degay kuwa noolaha heer hoose ah in ka hor la deggan yahay malaayiin dhulka of sano ah. Horumarinta ee xayawaankii dhici karaa sabab u ah geedi socodka kala duwan. idioadaptation Tani, iyo xumaanshaha, iyo aromorphosis. Idioadaptation - mid ka mid ah tilmaamaha ugu weyn ee horumar, mahad jirkeeda islana deegaanka gaar ah, halka aan aasaas beddelo dhismeedkooda. Xumaanshaha ku lug leedahay ka lumay ee mid ka mid ah meydadka in geeddi-socodka ah ee horumar. Waxaa suurto gal ah si ay u dhawraan formation of horreeya, ie haraadiga xubnaha in ay leeyihiin awowayaashiin sameeyaa hawlaha muhiimka ah. Ninku waa, tusaale ahaan, xayndaabka semilunar ee geeska hoose ee isha, dibka ah, iyo D. sidaas on. In jihada this ee horumar sida aromorphosis, waxaan diirada saari doontaa in this article faahfaahsan.

Waa maxay?

Aromorphosis - dhibaato ka mid ah qaab-dhismeedka jirka ee koorsada of horumar si loo hagaajiyo ay ku shaqaynayaan. Waxaa ka mid ah, tusaale ahaan, dhacdo ee dhalmo galmada, multicellular, teplokrovnosti, unugyada labka iyo dheddiga double in dhirta, iyo D. sidaas on. Iyada oo habkan, aasaasay waa sidaas oo kala duwan Biosphere meeraha Earth.

asalka ah ee nolosha iyo aromorphoses ugu horeysay

Balaayiin sano ka hor nolosha badda ku dhashay, iyo noolaha ugu horeysay caalamka waa prokaryotes hal-unuglaha. unugyadooda lahaa qaab heer hoose ah, ma lahayn in ay ka kooban oo ka mid ah halyeeyada iyo organelles badan oo eukaryotes. Era, inta lagu guda jiro kaas oo halkaasna waxaa joogay dadkii noolaha ugu horeysay, loo yaqaan Archean ah. Waxaana ay ku aaddan tahay muddada u dhaxaysa 4 ilaa 2.5 billion sano ka hor. Inta lagu guda jiro Earth Archean weli ma sida aan hadda waxa ay u arkaan in jawiga uu leeyahay ku dhowaad oxygen lahayn, waxaa jiray hal qaarad dhulka ma ahaa weli naftii, baqshadda gaseous ee caalamka ka cufan, oo sidaas daraaddeed dusha Waxaa dhacay wax yar qorax ah.

Inta Zaman this, xitaa cyanobacteria ugu horeeyay ee u muuqday sida hal-unuglaha algae, kaas oo ay degi doonaan dhulka ka dib, laakiin ay weli prokaryotes. Laakiin noolaha kuwanu waxay ahaayeen heterotrophs mar dambe sida bakteeriyada marka hore degganaa caalamka, iyo autotrophs, waxay ahaayeen awood tamarta qorraxda, carbon dioxide iyo biyo si synthesize nafaqooyinka iyaga u gaar ah. Waxaa la odhan karaa in soo bixitaanka of photosynthesis - aromorphosis ah, taas oo uu bixiyo wadadii uu u ah horumar kale ee nolosha on Earth. Sababo la xaqiiqada ah in noolaha bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan habka this si loo soo saaro walxaha organic jawiga, waxay noqdeen isa soo taraysa la xoojiyey la oxygen.

The soo bixitaanka iyo koritaanka dhirta

Waxaan dhihi karnaa in dhirta marka hore ahaayeen cyanobacteria sameeyay muddada Archean, sidii ay ahaayeen awood u photosynthesis. horumarinta dheeraad ah oo boqortooyada oo ku lug leh formation of noolaha in mar dambe ka koobnayd hal qol. Xaaladan oo ah noolaha multicellular - waxaa aromorphosis, taas oo, ay la socoto ah ee photosynthesis waa liiska ugu muhiimsan. Maaddaama ay is-beddelkaan horumarinta wax nool, formation of boqortooyooyinka ugu weyn ee ka jira ilaa maantadan la joogo suuragal ka dhigay. Red iyo algae cagaaran ayaa si weyn loo qaybiyey oo dhan xilligii Proterozoic, ka hor dhammaadka muddada Ordovician ee xilligii Paleozoic , iyagu waxay ku jireen dhirta oo keli ah sii kordhaya on Earth.

dhalidda ka mid ah noolaha dalkii ugu horeeyay

In muddo ah Silurian waxaa jiray dhirta aromorphosis muhiim ah - waa ah ee spore ugu horeysay, Rhyniophyta. Tani waxay ifafaale la oran karo waa mid aad u muhiim ah, sida noolaha, kuwaas oo dalka ku soo galeen, waayo, iyagu degganaan lahaayeen dhul iyo biyo-gacmeed.

waxay kale yihiin, dhab ahaantii, waxay ahaayeen dhirta ugu horeysay in jidhka la wakiil ka baxsado, ma thallus ah sida algae. 410 milyan oo sano ka hor Rhyniophyta horay dalka oo si weyn loo faafin on dhulka ee caalamka. Isla muddadaas, Silurian ah, si ay dhirta ee jawi mahad hore u ahaa ogsijiin ku filan jiritaanka xayawaanka dhulka ugu horeysay. The aromorphosis ugu muhiimsan ee soo socota - waa ah ee dhirta ka soo abuurka halkii kudka. Sidaas waxaa jiray gymnosperms. Aromorphosis - Waa muuqaalka kore ee dhismaha ubax iyo miro of angiosperms ah.

aromorphoses First xoolaha

In isku midka ah horumarinta boqortooyada warshad on goobta ma istaagi iyo horumar ah ee dunida xayawaanka. aromorphosis ugu horreeya - waa soo bixitaanka of laba go'yaal Germinal iyo dhabanada radial in xayawaanka multicellular. D. Sayidka sameeyay coelenterates, oo ay ka mid shacaab, buushka, xayawaan badeed iyo wixii la mid ah.

The xayawaanka marka hore dhulka

Markaas in noolaha muuqday caleen saddexaad SNMna - mesoderm, iyo sidoo kale dhabanada laba geesoodka ah ee jidhka, unugyada muruqa sameeyay, neerfayaasha iyo nidaamyada excretory. Oo intaas oo dhammu sifooyinka of noocyada sida guri iyo annelids, taas oo noqon tallaabada xigta ee horumar ah ee xayawaanka. First waxay degeen biyaha, ka dibna wuxuu noqday xayawaanka ugu horeysay bidixdana waxay saartay dhulka. Wixii dheeraad ah Aromorphosis ka mid ah formation of a dual-qolkii, saddex-qolkii, oo markaas qalbigoodu wuxuu afar-qollaha, wareegga double, dhacdo ee xubnaha sida kelyaha. aromorphosis kale ee waa muuqaalka kore ee ku gooye iyo dhisidda sii-dhabarta iyo nidaamka oo dhan muruqyada.

Diyaar-bloodedness - waxaa aromorphosis, kaas oo sidoo kale waa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu muhiimsan ee taariikhda ah ee horumar. Isna wuxuu u adeegay sidii wadadii ay ku sii horumarinta oo ka mid ah shimbiraha iyo nuujiya dalka. xoolaha ugu horreeya ee hantidaan diiran dilaa ah, waxaa jiray qaar ka mid ah dinosaurs, taasoo bilowga muddada Triassic ee xilligii Mesozoic jiray, iyo xayawaanka ugu horeysay ee shimbir-sida - Archeopteryx. walax Arrintan ayaa isbeddel sida muuqaalka baadad, beaks shimbiraha soo jireenka ah. Markaasaa waxaa jiray formation of dhogor idaad, mandheerta in noocyada kale ee dubato - sidaas waxaa jiray nuujiya. Maadaama uu ku qoran aromorphoses this article isagoo dhammaan noocyada iyo fasalo hadda jira ee xayawaanka.