Aileron - shukaanaha ku duudduuban. aviating

Waa maxay aileron ah? Tani aerodynamic hab gacanta (shukaanaha ku duudduuban), kuwaas oo ku qalabaysan diyaaradaha caadiga ah iyo bilaabay on a "duck." ailerons ku yaalaan on the danbeysa darfaha garabka ku laayeen. Waxay waxaa loogu talagalay si loo xakameeyo xagal of rabitaan "shimbir bir ah": waqtiga codsiga ka mid ah meelaha ay gacanta ku duudduuban waxaa dhacday in jiho ka soo hor jeedda, kala duwan. Si diyaarad dhigin inaad xaq u leedahay, aileron bidix, midhona kor faray, iyo xaq - kor, iyo qeybsanaan.

Waa maxay mabda'a shukaanaha ku duudduuban? xoog u qaadaya waa la dhimay ee qaybtii in garabka, oo waxaa loo qabanqaabiyaa in aileron hore ayaa soo sara kiciyey. Qayb ka mid ah garabka, oo waxaa la dhigayaa ka hor aileron funaanadda, kor u kordhay. Sayidka waxaa la aasaasay dhibic xoog ah, taas oo wax kabadalaya xawaaraha wareeg diyaarad ku wareegsan dhidibka ah isku la dhidibka gaadhya of mishiinka ah.

story

Oo hore u muuqday aileron? Qalabka waxa la yaab leh ayaa lagu rakibay on monoplane, abuuray 1902 by innovator Richardom Persi ka New Zealand. Nasiib darro, baabuur keliya ka go'an duulimaadyo aad u degganayn oo gaaban. Diyaaradan ayaa marka hore, ka go'an duulimaadka gebi ahaanba lala xidhiidhiyo mashiinka shukaanaha ku duudduuban oo ahaa 14 BIS, by Alberto Santos-Dumont sameeyey. hab gacanta aerodynamic First bedelay garabka dhalanrog toogasho Wright oo walaalo ah.

Sayidka, waxbarasho aileron sii. qalab Tani waxay leedahay faa'iidooyin badan. Sharciyeynta dusha kaas oo isku daraa shukaanaha iyo qaybood flaperon call kitaabkii duudduubnaa (flaperon). Inuu shaabaho function ka mid ah qaybood ailerons, labadaba waxay hoos hoos. Waayo, duudduuban dheer weecasho gacanta lagu daraa this wareeg kala duwan oo fudud.

Si ay ula qabsadaan rabitaan ee dalaka la heshiis kor ku xusan ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa habeyn matoorrada dulinka jar, shukaanaha gaaska, qaswadayaasha, shukaan, Isbadal xarunta of mass ee diyaaradda, faraqa barakaca xadhkihii shukaanaha ku dheer oo qaroomooyinkani kale.

waxyeellooyin

Sidee aileron ah? farsamo cadho Tani in uu leeyahay khasaaro. Mid ka mid ah saamaynta dhinac ee falalkiisa waa Yaw yar dhinaca ka soo horjeeda. In si kale loo dhigo, la aileron saxda ah inuu isku shaandheyn diyaaradda waqtiga kordhinta duudduuban wax yar ka guuri kartaa si bidix. saamaynta ay taasi dhacdo ay sabab u tahay farqiga u dhexeeya jiitaa darfahoodii garabka midig iyo bidix ay keento isbeddel ah ee wiishka marka oscillation aileron ah.

Wehliyaha jiitaa Large in uu leeyahay Console garabka, kuwaas oo ku dhacday aileron hoos. In Hab kontaroolo hadda "shimbir bir ah" ayuu, oo dhinacaasna waxaa saamayn waa la dhimay by farsamooyinka kala duwan. Tusaale ahaan, si ay u abuuraan wareeg oo duudduuban, aileron a dhinaca ka soo horjeeda, laakiin at xaglo aan qummanaynu.

saamayn dambe

Heshii, maamulka diyaarad u baahan tahay xirfad. Sayidka, mashiinada-xawaaraha sare leh garabka ah uga dheeraado loo arki karaa in ay dib u celin saamaynta ka mid ah meelaha ay gacanta ku duudduuban. Sidee buu u eg yahay?

Haddii darbo aileron ah, rakibin meel u dhow caaradda garabka, waxaa load gii everted garabka diyaaradaha iyo xagal ee weerarka ku saabsan waxa duwan. dhacdooyinka noocan oo kale ah la simi laga yaabaa in saameynta helay barakaca ee aileron ah, oo keeni karta in natiijada ka soo hor jeedda.

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto in la kordhiyo ciidamada wiishka qeybtii garabka, aileron waxaa dhacday, midhona kor. Next, qarkiisa ka danbeysa ka bilowdey simaha rajo gelin xoog weynaydba everted garabka weerarka iyo xagal ee weerarka ku dul waa la dhimay, taas oo yaraynaysa xoog u qaadeen. Dhab ahaantii, saamaynta ka mid ah meelaha ay gacanta ku duudduuban garabka markii dambe ay la mid tahay saameynta ay iyaga ku jar.

Anyway dib duudduuban shukaan lagu arkay on diyaaradaha jet badan (gaar ahaan on the-Tu 134). Waana mid ka, tu-22 ee ay sabab u tahay saamaynta sida xaddido tirada Mach la dhimay ilaa 1.4. Guud ahaan, ailerons ku xakameeyo duuliye waxbarashada muddo dheer. Hababka ugu caansan ee ka hortagga meelaha ay gacanta ku duudduuban dambe waa ailerons, codsiga qaswadayaasha (qaswadayaasha ku yaalaan meel u dhow xarunta of gooye ee garabka, oo la sii daayo oo ay si dhib keeni maroojin) ama la rakibo of aileron dheeraad ah qaybta qiyaas ahaan xarunta. Haddii muuqashadii labaad joogo, dibadda (kaalinta oo ku saabsan dhammaato) giraangiraha rogo, gacanta jeclaystay inuu wax soo saar leh xowliga yar, at sare off, oo ay gacanta ku lateral waxaa lagu fuliyaa by ailerons gudaha in looga hortago in dib ay sabab u tahay rigidity cajiib ah garabka waa in la joogo ee qaybta bartamaha.

hababka maaraynta

Oo hadda eegno diyaarad maamulka. Group gaadiidka hawada, damaanadna dhaqdhaqaaqa sixitaanka ee "shimbiraha steel" tixraac nidaam ay gacanta ku. Tan iyo pilot lagu meeleeyo shidhka, iyo xadhkihii shukaanaha iyo ailerons ku yaalaan on baalasheeda oo dabada ka mid ah diyaaradaha, rakibay bond-ool ah u dhaxeeya. waajibaadka Her waxaa ka mid ah in la hubiyo isku halaynta, oo raaxaysan, iyo hufnaanta ay gacanta ku meel mishiinka.

Dabcan, marka barakaca duwo meelaha iyaga saamaynaya xoog kordhay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani ma aha waa u wadin inuu soo kordhay aan la aqbali karin in stress on lever qaabeeyo.

control diyaaradaha noqon kartaa si toos ah, semi-automatic iyo buuga. Haddii qof uu isticmaalayo awood muruq ka dhigaysa shaqo ee ay hoggaamiso qalab, nidaamka sida gacanta ah waxaa lagu magacaabaa buuga (xeerka tooska ah ee dalaka ah).

Nidaamyada maamulka Buugga waxaa laga yaabaa in hydromechanical ama farsamo. Dhab ahaantii, waxaan ogaanay in garabka ee diyaaradda kaalin muhiim ah in maamulka. In matoorada Duulista goob aasaasiga ah loo sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo laba qalabka kinematic pilot sharciyeynta xoog iyo barakac amarka kabaal double taararka iyo gacan ku haynta meelaha farsamo.

Haddii tijaabada ah hawl mashiinka habka habab iyo qalab bixinta iyo horumarinta tayada habka ay hoggaamiso, nidaamka gacanta semi-automatic waxaa loo yaqaan. pilot kaliya gacanta ku group ah ee qaybo is-simaha, taas oo badala ciidamada isku dubaridka iyo arrimo mahad nidaam toos ah.

adag

Control loola jeedaa guddiga dalaka salka loo yaqaan qalabka adag iyo naqshado, by kaas oo duuliyihii actuates loola qabsiga, la beddelo hab duulimaad ama mishiinka lagu miisaamo in hab Fundka. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid shukaanaha, ailerons, stabilizer hagaajin karo. Qaybaha hubinta dheeraad ah qaybo gacanta qabsiga (qaybood, qaswadayaasha, dhul-), loo yaqaan mechanization garabka ama gacanta ku kaabayaal ah.

salka habka dhidibada ee dalaka ka mid ah:

• kabaal amarka taas oo falal duuliyaha, iyaga dhaqaaqin iyo ciidamada codsanaya iyaga;
• Gaarka ah hababka, actuators iyo qalab si toos ah;
• fiilooyinka ay hoggaamiso xira nidaamka gacanta salka la kabaal amarka.

maamulka hirgelinta

Duuliyaha qabata gacanta ku gaadhya, i.e. badala xagal garoonka, isaga harqood laftiisa ama naftooda by. in ama bidix midig iyo deflecting ailerons ah, pilot ka fulisaa gacanta lateral leexo isteerinka, gaariga dhinac lurched. Si aad u baddalo pilot shukaanaha ku riixo on the oo lugtooda, kuwaas oo sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa si loo xakameeyo marsho degtey sanka lagu jiro dhaqdhaqaaqa markabka on dhulka.

Guud ahaan, pilot waa link ugu weyn ee buuggan iyo nidaam ay gacanta ku semi-automatic, iyo qaybood ah, ailerons iyo qaybaha kale ee diyaaradda - waxa kaliya si ay u wareegsan hesho. Pilot arkaa oo ka baaraandega macluumaad ku saabsan meel oo ka mid ah baabuurta iyo xadhkihii shukaanaha, Xammuul, go'aan iyo u dhaqmo on the kabaal oo amarkiisa.

shuruudaha

Diyaarad gacanta aasaasiga ah waa in ay buuxiyaan shuruudaha soo socda:

1. Marka maareynta gaadiidka cagta mashiin iyo gacmaha pilot ee loo baahan yahay in lagu baddalo ku kabaal oo amarkiisa, waa in dhigma ugu hummaag aadanaha dabiiciga yimaadda marka haysta dheelitirka. Lyadoo loo sii riixo amarka jihada saxda ah waa in ay keeni dhaqdhaqaaqa "shimbiraha steel" oo isku jiho ah.
2. reaction dalaka u kabaal amarka barakaca waa in ay dib u dhac yar.
3. Waqtiga alaabtii gacanta weecasho (shukaanaha, ailerons, iyo wixii la mid ah) xoog codsatay in ay gacanta amarka waa in si tartiib tartiib ah kor u kacay, oo waxay u baahan yihiin in lagu hagaajin dhinaca ka soo horjeeda si ay u dhaqdhaqaaqa hubka iyo qiimaha shaqada waa in lagu dhafaa la mashiinada of hab duulimaad. dambaysta wuxuu ka caawiyaa pilot si aad u hesho a "dareen of control" diyaaradda.
4. Isteerinka waa ka madax banaan midba midka kale u dhaqmaan: weecasho ah, tusaale ahaan, wiishka laga yaabaa in aan keeni darbo of ailerons ah, iyo qeybsanaan.
5. Xaglo barakaca ah ee meelaha ay gacanta ayaa looga baahan yahay si loo hubiyo in jaaniska ah mashiinada duulaya oo dhan vzlotnyh iyo caga hababka loo baahan yahay.

Waxaan rajaynaynaa in qodobkan uu ka caawiyey in aad fahanto ujeedada ailerons iyo si ay u fahmaan gacanta aasaasiga ah "shimbiraha bir ah".