Eebaha abuuray diyaarad ugu horeysay

Man ayaa had iyo jeer waxay doonayeen inay ku kici hawada iyo dareemaan xoriyadda diyaarad on par leh Shimbiraha. Tan iyo dabeecadda ma siin dadka baal, riyooyin ah oo duulaya ayaa lagu soo bixitaankii abuurka diyaarad gaar ah. Diyaaradaha ayaa marka hore waxaa la abuuray by dhowr alifay ee rukummada ku kala duwan oo caalamka ah by margin yar muddo. Sidaa darteed, milkiilaha timireed, arrintan ayaa weli aan si cad aasaasay. Taariikhda na siiyaa kala doorasho saddex, si sax noqon, tan iyo intii afar tartamaha alifay ee diyaaradda: Wright Brothers ka soo USA, Alexander Mozhaiskogo ka Russia iyo Alberto Santos Dumont ka Brazil.

The awoowe ugu caanka ah ee diyaaradaha casriga ah ay wali loo arko diyaaradda walaalaha Wright. Alifay ka Maraykanka - Orville iyo Uilbur Rayt qaaday inay cirka aad diyaarad Flyer-1 subaxdii December 17, 1903. Duulimaadka ugu horeeya socday 12 ilbiriqsi oo waxay qariyeen fogaan ah qalab 36 iyo mitir badh, iyo pilot ugu horeeyay, siday u kala horreeyaan, ayaa noqday Orville Wright, kuwaas oo u duulay diyaarad jiifa ay garabka.

Dhab ahaantii, waxa aan ahaa ay mashiinka duulaya u gaar ah ee ay foomka saafi ah, sida diyaaradda kubad ay weheliyaan rail hago, iyo degdegsiimada iyadoo la kaashanayo CATAPULT ah. Laakiin haddii ay taasi in ay dhismaha ayaa la siiyey mishiin lihi gudaha, taas oo la dhisay walaalihiis u gaar ah.

Ka dib tijaabadii ugu horeysay raacay taxane ah oo horumar iyo ugu dhakhsaha badan fuusho hawada Flyer-2 iyo Flyer-3. In xilliga dayrta 1905 Bratya Rayt u suurtagashay in ay ku dhowaad duulo afartan kiiloomitir. Wixii oo dhan bahdeeda, ay diyaarad weli lahaa xaq in loogu yeedho diyaaradaha maxaa yeelay, waxay ahaayeen qalabaysan matoorrada ay gacanta ku duuliye oo waday sharciyada aerodynamics. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, jiifku ay sida diyaaradaha marnaba iyo sara hawada by CATAPULT ah.

Ku dhawaad isku mar la walaalaha Wright bilaabay ay diyaarad hawada hindisa reer Brazil Alberto Santos-Dumont. Tani waxay dhacday 1906 ee France. Farqiga ugu muhiimsan ee u dhexeeya diyaaradaha this ahaa xaqiiqada ah in uu iska qaaday oo aan wax qalab dheeraad ah, ie ay si buuxda u yihiin is-gano. Diyaaradan ayaa marka hore, kaas oo la odhan jiray "14-BIS» lahaa jiifku ay non-saari karo oo u duulay kaliya ay awood u gaar ah.

Hadda waxaa la sii caadi ah xaqiiqada ah in diyaaradda aad hore weli ma dhisay America iyo Russia soddon sano ka hor diyaarad walaalaha Wright '. Waxa uu dhisay oo uu Mozhajskij Rear Admiral, kuwaas oo muddo dheer ay sameeyeen waxbarashada ku haboon. Its diyaarad u eg doon yar oo tuubooyinka dhowr, daqal iyo laba engine uumi yar. Waxaa la odhan jiray qolof aeronautical, iyo patent ah a gaadiidka cirka ah oo la mid ah Mozhajskij helay 1881.

Qaab dhismeedka Mozhaiskogo loo saarin karaa in nooca sooctey diyaaradaha, kuwaas oo bilaabay si buuxda u dhisay sano oo kaliya 30 ka dib. alifay waxay ahayd miisaaniyad aad ciriiri, iyo dowladda waxay doonayeen in la muujiyo lacag yar cilmi iyo, haddii ay suuragal tahay oo dhan si ay u kala saaraan oo ay joojiyaan horumarinta oo dhan.

Diiwaan duulimaadka ugu horeeya ee xagaaga ee 1882 dhow St. Petersburg, in Selo Cas. Si gaar ah loo casuumay Guddiga arkay horyaalka ee diyaaradda, oo la yidhaahdo aerodinamom Mozhajskij. Diyaaradaha ayaa marka hore kala firdhay on Gogosha alwaax, dhowr mitir oo u duulay galaa biyaha, garabka jabay.

cilmi Modern ayaa muujisay in at aerodyne waqtiga ayaa si sax ah loogu tala galay, laakiin waxa uu u baahnaydeen xoogga warshad koronto ee diyaarad dheer.

Mozhaisk, gudbo dhibaatooyinka maamul iyo dhaqaale ee sii horumarinta. In 1890 wuxuu u dhintay, si ay u horumariyaan ganacsigiisa halkaas ninna ma joogin, iyo maamulka Saarka door bidaan inay iska ilaawaan diyaarada iyo aaso waxbarashada sida muddo dheer. Xitaa loogu talagalay diyaaradda ahaa isticmaalka lahayn - uu wareejiyo hantida maguurtada ah Mozhaiskiye dhow Vologda, iyo in 1895 uu halkaas lagu gubay.

Sidaas daraaddeed kii reer alifay ku siin karaan mudnaanta finalka? Mid kasta oo go'aan ka gaar ah. Aviation - page aad u muhiim ah taariikhda aadanaha oo, kaas oo abuuray by shaqada dad badan, aragtiyo, dhakhaatiirta, injineero iyo riyooda. Sidaa darteed, dhammaan waxay xaq u leedahay in la aqoonsado iyo xusuusta leeyihiin.