Aasaasihii of habka cathartic cilminafsiga Breyer Yozef: Biography, shuqulladooda iyo xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

Breyer Yozef - dhakhtar Australia iyo physiologist, oo Sigmund Freud iyo kuwo kale ayaa ku baaqay in aasaasihii psychoanalysis. Waxa uu ahaa awoodaan in ay bogsiiyaan kuwa buka ka calaamadaha kacsanaan kadib markii uu hypnotized si ay u caawiyaan iyada xusuusan dhinacyada xun ee la soo dhaafay. Waxa uu ka hadlay oo uu habka iyo natiijooyinka si Sigmund Freud, oo wuxuu isaga siiyey bukaanka ay.

Yozef Breyer: Biography

Wuxuu ku dhashay on 01.15.1842 in Vienna oo halkaas 20/06/1925 dhintay. Aabbaha Yozefa Leopold (1791-1872) wuxuu ahaa professor ah ee diinta u shaqeeya bulshada Yuhuudda Viennese. Breuer waxay soo kala tilmaameen sida ay leeyihiin "qarni of East Yuhuudda Yurub, oo hore u yimid ka mid ah xaafadaha geetooyinka ah ee caqliga on hawada ee dunida reer galbeedka."

Oo hooyadiis ayaa ku dhintay markii uu ahaa in ku dhow afar sano, oo sannadaha hore ee nolosha Breyer Yozef qaatay iyada ayeeyo. Aabbaha bartay isaga siddeed, ka dibna wuxuu galay Gymnasium Waxbarashada ee Vienna, qalin jabiyay 1858. sanadka soo socda, ka dib markii koorso waxbarasho University ah maraya, Yozef Breyer galay dugsiga caafimaadka ee Jaamacadda Vienna iyo tababarka caafimaadka ka qalin ee 1867. Isla sanadkaas, isla markiiba ka dib markii imtixaanka, wuxuu noqday dhakhtar kaaliyaha Johann Oppolzer. Markii uu dhintay 1871, Breuer bilaabay tababar gaar ah.

Best dhakhtar Vienna

In 1875, Breuer noqday professor ah kaaliyaha therapy. ka post July 7, 1885 wuxuu iska casilay, sida uu diiday in ay galaan bukaanka oo leh ujeeddooyin waxbarasho. Waxa uu sidoo kale diiday in ay u ogolaadaan qalliinka Billroth isaga magacaabi horyaalka of professor associate. Xiriirka rasmi ah Its la kuliyadda caafimaadka ahaayeen si murugsan.

Isla mar ahaantaana, Breuer ayaa loo aqoonsaday mid ka mid ah dhakhaatiirta ugu wanaagsan iyo saynisyahano ee Vienna. Shaqada noqday danta ugu weyn, iyo inkastoo uu mar qudhiisa loo yaqaan "dhakhtarkooda guud", waxa uu ahaa waxa maanta waxaa lagu magacaabaa therapist ah. fikrad qaar ka mid ah sumcadda Breuer ku siin karaan xaqiiqada ah in ay jiraan kuwo badan oo ka mid Professor Kuliyada Caafimaadka, iyo sidoo kale Sigmund Freud iyo Ra'iisul Wasaaraha Hungary ka mid ah bukaannada uu. In 1894 wuxuu la doortay si ay u Academy Vienna ee Sciences, soo jeediyo xubnaha ugu caansan ay, jirka dadka Ernsta Maha iyo physiologists Evalda Geringa iyo Sigmund Exner.

nolosha Personal

May 20, 1868 Breyer Yozef guursaday Matilda Altmann, bal yaa isaga u dhashay shan carruur ah: Robert, Bertha Hammershlyag Margaret Schiff, Hans iyo Dora. gabadhii Breuer ee Dora ka go'an ismiidaamin ah, ma doonaya in la qabtay by naasiga ah. Waxay dilay maayso Hannah Breuer Schiff. Inta kale ee ah Faraciisii ku nool England, Canada iyo Maraykanka.

shaqada sayniska

Breyer Yozef bartay daawada ee Vienna oo helay uu degree 1864. Wuxuu bartay jirka ah ee thermoregulation iyo Neefta (Hering-Breuer reflex). In 1871 wuxuu bilaabay inuu dhaqan ee Vienna. Isla mar ahaantaana ay cilmi baaris ku saabsan shaqo ee dhegta gudaha (aragti Mach-Breuer of socodka dheecaanka endolymphatic). Noqoshada dhakhtar ee 1874tii, wuxuu waxbarashada oo uu ku soo laabtay 1884.

Breuer ahaa saaxiib la ah dhakhtarka qoyska iyo qaar ka mid ah College Macalimiinta ee Vienna iyo bulshada sare caasimadda. Kor buu u xajin waraaqo la fanaaniinta, qorayaasha, faylosuufiinta, psychologists iyo asxaabta ee beertaada, iyo in 1894 loo doortay in uu xubin u dhiganta oo ka mid ah Academy of Sciences.

xaakin Good falsafada, Breyer Yozef uu xiiseynayo in aragtida ah ee aqoonta iyo af aasaaskii Darwinism, kaas oo la xaqiijiyay in uu ka qayb gelin shirka ee 1902 iyo is waydaarsiga in xarfaha la Franz von Brentano. Wuxuu ahaa ka qaybgalayaasha firfircoon wada hadal ku saabsan waxyaabaha aasaasiga ah ee siyaasada iyo fikirka, iyo sidoo kale arrimaha hadlayaan farshaxanka, suugaanta iyo music.

Sida Yuhuudi ah loo iftiimiyey, hayeyna, ayuu wuxuu soo qaatay nooc ka mid ah pantheism, oo waxay iska qaataan ka badan Goethe iyo Gustav Teodora Fehnera. Isaga oo la sika jecel yidhi Spinoza Suum Esse conservare ( «Save si uu u jiro"). Waxa uu qabsadey nooc ka mid ah shakiga iyo, ka dib markii William nabadeedka Thackeray, "jinni" laakiin "in isaga lagu qasbay in ay su'aasha kasta aqoon cusub heleen. Sababo la xiriira aqoonta faahfaahsan ee taariikhda fikrado, taariikhda xaaladaha bulshada iyo siyaasadda ee uu ka qabno, iyo sidoo kale sababo la xiriira inuu naftiisa u gaar ah, wuxuu rumaysan yahay in ay ahayd macquul inay qaadaan tallaabo ku su'aal.

The salaysan cilmibaaristaan waxay ahayd in Breuer in jirka si aad u ogaato xiriirka ka dhexeeya qaab-dhismeedka iyo shaqada, iyo sidaas u muujiyo qaab teleological codsiga. Waxa uu xiiseynayay in geeddi-socodka sharciyeed ee foomka of hababka is-xakamaynta. Si ka duwan tiro ka mid ah physiologists in loogu yeero biofizikalistov dhaqdhaqaaqa, waxyoonay by Ernst Brücke, Hermann von Helmholtz iyo Du Bois-Reymond, Breuer Rumaynay-vitalism neo.

bilowgii psychoanalysis

In sano ee 1880-1882 uu daweynta bukaan-socodka yar oo Bertha Pappenheim (Anna O.), kuwaas oo soo gaaray qufac neerfayaasha iyo calaamadaha badan oo kale u argaggaxsan (isbeddelo ah niyadda, isbeddel ah ee dalalka miyir, rabshooyin muuqaalka, curyaannimo iyo qalal, aphasia). Inta lagu guda jiro muddo dheer sheekeeyo dhakhtarka iyo ciyaartoydiisa u arkay in qaar ka mid ah daliilka cudurka la waayay markii xusuus ah ay ka muuqan marka hore, iyo waxa suurto gal u noqday in ay soo saari la xiriira saameyn ku ayaa la soo celiyay. Tani ayaa dhacay waqti cayiman ee gobolada avtogipnoticheskih lama filaan ah. Iyada oo ku saleysan waxyaabahan la arkay, markii hore si lamafilaan ah, bukaanka iyo dhakhtarka si ay u horumariyaan hab nidaamsan ku dheehan yahay astaamaha shaqsi si tartiib tartiib ah dib ugu yeeray si ay taariikh dambe ilaa ay ka baaba'aan ka dib dhalmo buuxda oo goobta asalka ah. Mararka qaarkood inta lagu jiro daaweynta loo isticmaalo hypnosis macmal ah, haddii bukaanku ma ahaa ee gobolka ka mid ah is-hypnosis.

Inta lagu jiro daaweynta loo baahan yahay joogitaanka joogtada ah ee rugta Anna O. dhow Vienna sababtoo ah khatarta kordhaysa oo ah bukaan is disho. Inkastoo cad iyo guusha lama filaanka ah ee habka, qaar ka mid ah daliilka cudurka hadhay. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah halmaamay afkooda hooyo ku meel gaar ah iyo neuralgia trigeminal xoog leh, taas oo loo baahan yahay in lagu daaweeyo morphine waa la qabatimo. Sababtoo ah calaamadahan, Breuer gudbiyey si looga daweeyo dheeraad ah dhakhtarka Lyudvigu Binsvangeru ee Bellevue Sanatorium in Kreuzlingen ee July 1882. Waxay saaray bishii October, iyadoo horumar, laakiin ma aha gebi ahaanba la daaweyn.

Shaqee Freud

In 1882, Breyer Yozef wada hadleen kor ku xusan kiisaska la saaxiibkii Sigmund Freud, kuwaas oo ahaa 14 sano uu yar. Ka dib markii dambe wuxuu bilaabay neurologist shaqada, ayuu tijaabiyey habkan on bukaanada ay. Iyada oo ku saleysan aragtida ah ee Charcot, Pierre Janet, Mobius, Ippolita Bernhayma iyo kuwa kale, waxay wadajir ku saleysan tiyoriga ah ee hawlaha ka mid ah qalab ka eegay nidaamka daweynta, oo waxay u bixiyeen "habka of catharsis," ku tilmaamayaa in fikradaha Aristotle ee ku saabsan shaqada musiibo (catharsis sida nadiifiskeeda u ah dareenka dhagaystayaasha ).

In 1893, waxay daabacday warbixin hordhac ah "On hab ay psychical ah ifafaale u argaggaxsan". Laba sano ka dib waxaa la raacay by "Studies on kacsanaan", "dhagaxa rukunka ah psychoanalysis", aasaaskeedii dhigay oo duurka ku ah maskaxda. Wargeyska ayaa waxa uu leeyahay cutubka loo soocay in ay aragti (Breyer), therapy kale heegan ah (Freud), iyo shan taariikh kiiska (Anna O., Emmy von N., Katarina, Lucy R., Elisabeth von R.).

Daryeelka psychoanalysis

Freud sii waday in ay horumariyaan aragti iyo farsamo halka wada shaqeeyo la Breuer (neuroses ilaaliya, free ka ah ururka). Josef ahaa aysan ku qancin of baahida loo qabo furmatey gaarka ah ee arrimaha galmada iyo saaxiibtiis ku arkay calaamo digniinta go'idda. In 1895, masaafada u dhexeeya iyaga kordhay, taas oo keentay in dhamaadka ay iskaashi.

Sii si ay u muujiyaan xiisaha horumarinta aragti psychoanalytic, habka cathartic Breyer Yozef hoos. Freud ka dib soo jeediyay in la xiqiijiyay in daaweynta Anna O. harin gooyey ay sabab u tahay beddelka kula beera ubaxa xoog leh, raaceen by uur u argaggaxsan iyo dhalmada. Tani version of dhacdooyinka dib by Freud iyo Ernest Jones caadi ah, iyo waxyaabo kale, ma u adkeysan karaan hawlihiisa oo taariikhi ah. si isku day cusub ayaa muujinaya in sharaxaad ka mid ah ay dhacdo Anna O. ahayd musuqmaasuq, xaqiiqooyinka aan la xoojiyaa.

shakhsiyad wejiyo badan

Yozef Breyer ahaa saaxiibtinimo badan oo ka mid ah waxgaradka ugu qatarsan ee uu waqti. Waxa uu sameeyay waraaqo dheer la Brentano, wuxuu ahaa saaxiibka dhow ee Abwaan Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach iyo saaxiibada la Mach, kii uu la kulmay intii uu socday waxbarashada ee dhegta gudaha. opinion Breuer ayaa su'aalo suugaanta iyo falsafada, sida muuqata, ku riyaaqay ixtiraam ballaaran. Breyer hadlay luqado badan: tusaale ahaan, daaweynta wakhti dheer Anna O. ayaa lagu qabtey Ingiriisi. The kala duwan oo si qoto dheer ee uu danaha dhaqanka ahaayeen sidii aan caadi ahayn oo muhiim ah, iyo sidoo kale guulaha ay caafimaadka iyo sayniska.

Yozef Breyer: xaqiiqooyinka oo xiiso leh

• Ka dib markii uu bukaanka Anne G. sameeyay lifaaqa xoog ku daraa, oo sidda nooca fahmayaan galmo, shaqo Breyer Yozef ee teraabiyada cilminafsiga, u baahan in xiriir toos ah la bukaanada u wareegeen Freud ee.
• Breuer ogaadeen in calaamadaha waalan kici ay sabab u tahay geedi socodka dago, oo waxaad tagtaa marka ay ogaadaan.
• guulaha Zigmund Freyd in maskaxda looga baahan yahay inay Breuer, bal yaa isaga u soo bandhigay in ay daahfurtay in uu, oo wuxuu isaga siiyey bukaanka ay.
• In 1868, uu ku tilmaamay reflex ku Hering-Breuer, kuwaas oo ku lug leh in la xakameeyo neefsasho iyo neefsado inta lagu guda jiro neefsashada caadiga ah.
• In 1873 Breuer furay shaqada dareen ah midii ugu semicircular lafaha kanaalada ee dhegta gudaha iyo xiriirka ay la leeyihiin orientation ee bannaan, oo leh dareen ah dheelitirka.
• In doonistiisa, ayuu sheegay in uu jecel yahay in la gubo, oo waxaa loo sameeyey.