Aalado looba: photo iyo Technology

In ka badan labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay, qalabka cybernetic warshadaha ficil bedelay nin la warshadaha khatar ah, sugeysayna oo culus. In mustaqbalka dhow saadaaliyay ballaarinta androids adeegga. aalado looba caawin doonaa dadka deggan ka joogtada ah ee arrimaha guriga, ka hawlgeli doonaan daryeelka dadka waayeelka ah, carruurta naafada ah barashada.

The prototypes ugu horeysay

In 1639, waxay bilaabeen in ka badan laba boqol oo go'doomin sano ee Japan ka dunida inteeda kale ka. Ganacsiga ee dekadda Nagasaki waxaa loo ogol yahay in ay kula baayacmushtari jireen yar ka Holland iyo Shiinaha, jidaynayey dhaqanka gaar Japan si ay u horumariyaan hab u gaar ah oo aan saamayn kasta oo ka baxsan. Waxay ahayd waagu caruusadaha u yimid in muddo this, "Karakuri".

Dhab ahaantii, tani waa aalado looba ugu horeysay la clockwork, inkastoo qaar ka mid ah lagu daydo qalaad kexeeyey by uumi, biyaha ama ciid peppered. Caruusadaha marti qaaday dad lagu jiro ciidaha dadweynaha, riyaaqay caan weyn ee guryaha hodanka ah.

Xiiseyneyso qalabka gudaha "Karakuri" ahaa foolxun, iyo bannaanka ayaa bixisay dareenka sida ugu badan ee farsamo drive ah.

Technology iyo Psychology

aalado looba Japanese dhigay dulinka guud ee horumarinta qalabka cybernetic ay ku dhiirigelinayaan in adduunka oo dhan. dhib ugu weyn in la abuuro nidaam shabahaad - baahida loo qabo cilmi multi-edbinta. Hawlgalka ayaa joogto ah oo isku dubaridan oo waa dhaqmaan injineerada ma aha oo kaliya iyo barnaamijyo, xisaabyahannada iyo physicists, laakiin sidoo kale cilmi-nafsiga, sociologists iyo taariikhyahanadu.

Man waa la malaysan aan dareenkooda. Oo model ah oo isku dhafan, marka lagu daro "hardware" iyo software waa qayb saddexaad nidaamka shabahaad aad u muhiim ah - shucuur. Research in arrintan ku hawlan yihiin sayniska gaar ah waa si dhow la xiriira in bani'aadamnimada ee - robotics bulshada iyo robopsihologiya.

aalado looba, kartida si ay u kiciyaan dhaqdhaqaaqa fudud farsamo mooyee, waa in caqliga aan dabiici ahayn, is-barasho iyo la qabsashada.

Maxaa android ah kartaan?

aalado looba bartaan xirfadaha iyo xirfado cusub si ay ula falgalaan qofka. Waxaa ugu cajiib ah waa guul ee horumarinta xirfadaha soo socda:

• Xoghayaha. Android salaamaya martida, ka hadlayaa oo ku saabsan adeegyada shirkadda ee ama wax soo saarka.
• Kabalyeeri. robot waxay qaadataa amarka (hadal ama via screen taabashada), gudbiya macluumaadka si jikada, suxuunta iyo siinayaa macaamiisha filaysaa (oo aan u baahnayn tip a!). isticmaalka Robokafe ee South Korea aad loo jecel yahay.
• Hanuunin. Hanuunin. Waxa uu ku sharaxayaa si faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan bandhiga, soo bandhigaa ka.
• Macallimow. Daryeel. Aad u faa'iido badan ee carruurta waxbarashada fog on barnaamij u gaar ah.
• Cosmonaut. Ugu yaraan, waxaa jira laba tusaale ahaan jira, "Japan" KIROBO iyo "American" Robonaut 2. Oo haddii marka hore waxaa loogu talagalay oo kaliya xidhiidhka la markabka (sawir, fariimaha), dambaysta ah waa ay awoodaan in ay iskooda u qabtaan hawlo farsamo adag in meel bannaan oo.

dagaalyahan shabahaad

maaxdey jecel sheekooyin sayniska noqdo xaqiiqada. aalado qaaska ah Military muddo dheer iyo si guul leh u yaqaaniin oo dalka Mareykanka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaa ay timaado nidaamka dagaalka iswada, naftooda si fiican-la aasaasay inta lagu jiro hawlgallada ee Ciraaq iyo Afghanistan. aaladaha noocan oo kale ah si guul leh ula qabsan lahayd dhibaatooyinka sirdoonka iyo injineernimada.

Dagaal aalado looba sababta oo ah qiimaha ay aad u sarayso ka jira nuqulo hal baaritaanka bandhig. Tusaale ahaan, tijaabo android Method1, muujiyeen by horumarinta Korean. Walker waa awoodaa inuu gacmihiisa ku guurto iyo soc, qosol dhaqdhaqaaqa wadaha. A robot looba weyn ayaa height a of 4 mitir oo miisaankii oo ka mid ah 1.5 tons.

size suubban More leeyahay android Ruush, laakiin waxa uu leeyahay ka shaqeynayaan sii badan, rasaas bastoolad, gacanta ATV, daryeel caafimaad. robot waxaa laga soo xigtay model hore SAR-401 ( "technology Androidnye" NGO) ee version milatariga ee hawlaha abuuray baahida shirkad ah "Roscosmos".

dhaqan Japanese

Hiroshi Ishiguro - bare jaamacadeed ee magaalada Japanese of Osaka iyo machadka Tiknoolajiyadda Casriga ah ee Kyoto - helay adduunka oo warkiisiina wuxuu gaadhay sanadkii 2006, bandhigay dadweynaha ay nuqul saxda cybernetic - dzheminoida HI-1 (HI-1 Geminoid). Tiro badan oo dareemayaal iyo matoorrada Howlsocodsiinta ogolaanaya shabahaad ah loo jilo ma baaqyada kaliya, laakiin wajiga noocooda. daydo Xiga (HI-2, F, HI-4, Q1) xitaa ka sii badan macquul tahay. Dhab ahaantii, ka aalado ugu looba - puppet ah ay gacanta ku via wadaha interface a wireless.

Sida laga soo xigtay borofisar ka, muuqashadii dembigooda dhow ka heli badan ka sahlan tahay in la baro android ah in aad ka fikirto sidii nin oo go'aamo u gaar ah. By Hiroshi Ishiguro aalado kubadda cagta schematically kaliya eg aadanaha, laakiin kubada waa, iyo qiyaaso meel iridda, isaga diro xaq on target. kooxda "Iron" Ishiguro - shanta jeer heysta koobka aduunka robofutbolu.

looba soo jiidasho badan ka Shiinaha

uun qurux badan ugu baaqay Jia Jia. Dal Streaming timo madoobuna ee dharka hidaha iyo dhaqanka Chinese. Dhoola, ayay taageeri lahaa wada hadal fudud oo waa inay awoodaan inay maraan in meel, iyo xataa flirts la jiro ragga. Waxay leedahay taageerayaasheeda adduunka oo dhan, kuwaas oo loogu magac daray iyada "robot-ilaahadda."

Jia Jia - android horeysay Shiinaha ee, abuuray by injineerada ee Jaamacada Sayniska iyo Technology (Hefei, Shiinaha). In la horumariyo lagu daydo iyo software hawlgalka gaarka ah qaaday oo ku saabsan saddex sano, oo weli waa ka fog kaamil ah. Hogaamiyaha Project Chen Xiaoping xaqiijiyay in kuwa raaca "ilaahadda" leedahay mustaqbal weyn. Robots la horumarsan AI rajeynaynaa in isbitaalada, guryaha waayeelka, si ay u qabtaan shaqooyin maqaayado fudud.

aalado looba Yurub

In World Old nidaamka looba waxaa abuuray oo kaamil ah mashruuca ROBOSKIN gudahood. The model ugu caansan Caspar iyo iCub, way yar tahay. First horumariyo at the University of Hertfordshire (UK) iyo waxaa loogu talagalay si ay isgaadhsiin iyo baro carruurta hab cayaar. Reaction Caspar la taabto, ay sabab u tahay maqaarka macmal ah dareemayaal xasaasi ah waxaa laga yaabaa kala duwan oo ku xiran tahay ciidamo xiriir taabashada. In robot taataabanayaan fudud ku muujinayaa qanacsanaanta at riix xoog cabanaya xanuunka.

jirka robot iCub (Institute of Technology Talyaani, Genoa) ayaa 53 darajo ee xorriyadda, ayaa sidoo kale ka fadilnaa mashiinka android by taabashada. Waxa ay u muuqataa sidii ilmo oo 4 - 5 sano. gurguurto karaa, sheeyada, maraan dhul ka.

Order State Maraykanka

Looba PETMAN (author of mashruuca R. Pleyter, Boston Dinamics) ma muujiyaan dareen ah oo dhan, waayo sababta fudud in uu leeyahay madaxa jirin. Waxa la abuuray by si dowladda si ay u tijaabiso tayada iyo imtixaanka ee difaaca ah , dacwana. robot The leeyahay celcelis ahaan xuduudaheedu man: height of 1.75 m culeyskiisu yahay 80 kg. PETMAN ay jawaab u tahay jimicsi. Socodka iyo orodka hogaanka neefsashada inta badan soo noqnoqda, heerkulka jirka oo kordhay, iyo xataa dhidid.

robot waa samayn karo jimicsi fudud: maroojiyey ka tumo, ka tuugaya, gurguurta, iwm In weli loo isticmaalaa sida engine ah iyo nidaamka Haydarooliga ee fiilooyinka-fiilooyinka ... Horumarinta yaboohaysaan in mustaqbalka dhow abuuri doonaa robot ah looba la siin tamarta goboleedka.

In 2014, labada tusaale ee cusub ee ATLAS iyo haramcad la soo bandhigay la shaqeynayaan weyn oo dhaqdhaqaaqa, laakiin weli tethered ilo dibadda ah awoodda.

kacaanka waxaa soo socda?

Professor Masha Vardi (Computer Engineering, University Rice, Houston, USA) ku dooday in aanay jirin wax xad for qalabaynta ah ee mishiinada iyo ugu danbeyn noqon doona ninkii wax badan ka casrisan oo ka kaamilsan. Sannad kasta iyo aad u badan oo caan ah, haddii aan jeclahay, riyaaqay oo dhan aalado looba dunida. Sawiro iyo videos on Web ah waxaa lagu helo malaayiin views, iyo weli ballaarinta aaddan ee aalado ku ool ah waxay kordhin kartaa saamiga shaqo la'aan ah. In koox ka mid ah xirfadaha khatarta iyo jagooyinka in loo roggi karaa code binary: shaqeeya isgaarsiinta iyo isbaarooyinka, khasnaji, iyo kuwa kale.

Oo top 5 fiican aalado caddayn looba:

1. GEMINOID-F - robot gabar (Japan). nuqul looba of Professor Ishiguro. Waxa uu awoodaa in uu ka hadlo, in ilka, si uu u muujiyo shabahaya palette a oo dhan dareenka iyo xataa gabyi. Waxa uu door dhowr ah te'atradii.
2. ASIMO - android (Honda, Japan). In Arsenal - socda, gudbid jaranjarada, ciyaaro kubada cagta. Waxay leedahay a nidaamyada aragti mashiinka adag iyo network shidma qaybiyey. Karaa in la furo dhalada iyo ku shub ka kooban koob ah.
3. Garacad ee Boy - looba (Institute of Technology Federaalka, Zurich, Switzerland), oo dhan qeybo ka mid ah kuwaas oo bixiya habka ah 3D-daabacaadda.
4. FOOL (Italy) - ugu dareenka of robot Yurub. 32 Drive dhigi muruqyada jidhka iyo wajiga ay yihiin kuwo aad mobile.
5. Alice ( "Neyrobotiks", Russia) - android ugu macquul Ruush. 8 actuators gacanta la gamepad ah.