Nalalka dhaadheer - waa maxay? Noocyada nalalka dhaadheer

Bishii Janaayo ee sannadkan, shirkadda General Electric (GE) ayaa ku dhawaaqay joojinta ee saamaxaaddu Maraykanka ee nalalka dhaadheer ee isafgaradka dhamaadka 2016-th. technology The LED cusub waxaa xaaqan ka ay waddo waqti si ay u noqdaan dhaadheer la yaqaan, sida hal mar ayay rogay "boqortooyada" ah laambadihii incandescent, hindiseen aasaasaha Thomas Edison GE.

Sidaas oo kale weeye wixii laambad dhaadheer?

laambad dhaadheer - laambadihii dheecaan mercury aaladaha Cadaadiska hoose taas oo shucaac nuurka arki karo waxaa loo isticmaalaa fluorescence ah. hadda korontada ee gaaska yididiila mercury vapor, oo bilaabaan inay dhaadheer iftiinka kala duwan ultraviolet kaas oo keena luminescence daahan phosphor gudaha ah.

The noocyada soo socda ee laambad dhaadheer: cathode qabow iyo electroluminescent bilowga kulul.

bilowga kulul

The ugu caansan waa laambad bilowga diiran. Isha iftiin noocan ah waxay ka kooban tahay guluubka galaas la gaaska ah inert (caadi ahaan argon) leh oo cadaadiskeeduna yar ka buuxiyey a. Dhinaca kasta oo nalka waa koronto tungsten ah. waaya'aragnimo waxay ka talisaa electrodes xoogga. Ilayska jir ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa socda bilowga. Isticmaalka casriga ah ee ballasts electronic.

Waxay xoogaa u eg iyo buro. luminescence Xarafka ka gariiradda a tungsten kulul soo saaray, laakiin markaas dheecaan koronto ee isku dar ah ee mercury vapor iyo gaaska inert waa shucaaca. Of Halabuurka gaar ah oo ka kooban derbiyadoodii oo sibraarkii, nuuga iftiinka ultraviolet iyo shanqarta iftiin arki karo. Waxaa lagu magacaabaa phosphor ah oo isku dar ah ee xeryahooda fosfooraska-ku saleysan. Thanks isaga u, wax soo saarka light of laambadaheeda waa ka sareeyaa incandescent awoodda iftiinka dhowr jeer. Buuxieyey sii wadaan in ay iska Ifto iyo dhamaadka suuroggalaan ah, laakiin oo kaliya si ay u ilaaliyaan dheecaanku ka daadanayo.

In la abuuro dheecaan korontada lagama maarmaan danab sare. Qabow badan nalka, sare ee goobta. Laakiin sababta oo ah heerka sare ee hab khatar ah "diiran-up" ah sibraar si loo yareeyo walaaca Waxaa la soo saaray.

Mid ka mid ah habka kululaynta waa in la isticmaalo bilow ah. Marka danab waxaa laga codsadaa in laambad dheecaan la shiday, maraysa xiriirada bimetal ah. Nala Xiriir la xiro iyada oo laga boodo, iyo koronto maraysa ee electrodes tungsten, taas oo, ee jeedo, waa kuleelka iyo ionized gaaska inert. Qaboojiyey hoos, la xiriir bimetal furmay, quudinta oo dhan danab iyo awood u electrodes ee ceejinta ah. Haddii dheecaanku aanay dhicin, markaa geedi socodkii lagu celceliyo. Ka dib markii laambad heleynin suuroggalaan demiso, tan iyo markii ay iska caabin ah waa ka sii badan iska caabin plasma ah.

In nidaamka casriga ah, ku electrodes bilowga deg deg ah waxaa si joogto ah kululeeyo, iyo qaanso waxaa la bilaabay iftiinta ku xeeldheer ama aaladda wax laga bilaabo.

laambad dhaadheer ee cathode qabow

Holodnokatodnye dhaadheer laambad - waa qalab heerkulka cathode aan ka badnayn 150 ° C leh 900 ° C laambadihii kulul-bilow marka la barbar dhigo. Operating danab - 600-900 V, keebka - 900-1600 V. Iftiinka timaada by gaaska ionized, taas oo loo baahan yahay in ay curiyaan danab sare. Dheecaanka dhacdaa burburka ee bannaan oo u dhaxeeya electrodes ah. gaaska ee ilayska ee xaaladaha caadiga ah waa dielectric ah, laakiin duurka korontada, electrons iyo udhigo bilaabaan inay u guurto. Marka a beerta korontada danab sare dedejisaa Qurub lagu eedeeyay si ay u la taagoo gaaska isku, ayay u soo garaacayaa electrons. udhigo dhawaan abuuray iyo electrons intii adeegsadaa ionization ah: geeddi-socodka gebiyo noqdo.

In laambadihii dheecaan bilowga kulul yahay arc ah, iyo ilo dheecaan iftiinka qabow - shido. Mercury si tartiib tartiib ah badala ka dareere ah gobolka gas. electrons The isku la atamka mercury, la bilaabo in la sii daayo tamarta iyo shucaac aad u daran ee gobolka ultraviolet. Light timaada by phosphor ee dahaarka gudaha nalka. Mercury shanqarta photons oo Dhectuuro atamka fosfooraska, sii kordhaya electrons tamarta ay. Marka electrons soo celi gobolka hore ee atamka fosfooraska radiate tamarta iftiinka.

laambadihii electroluminescent

warshadu hawada Light ee laambadihii electroluminescent waxaa sabab u ah marinka ee hadda koronto si toos ah iyada oo loo marayo qalabka fosfooraska-ka kooban la saamaynta non-kulka korontada diinta Nuurka. saamayn Tani waxay sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in dioska- light-emitting (LED) iyo Nuur organic emitting diode (OLED). laambadihii Electroluminescent waa ka dioska- light-emitting in iftiinka ee la soo dhaafay waxaa timaada in isgoyska pn kala duwan - isgoyska u dhexeeya labada semiconductors, iyo iftiinka ugu horeysay waxaa timaada in ka badan lakabka of activator.

danab sare talantaalli ah qulqul koranto waxaa dhex maray daaha khafiif ah fosfooraska, ama Semiconductor, taas oo keenta in warshadu hawada iyaga waaberi. Labo lakab oo cunnooyinka adkaha ah, mid ka mid ah taas oo hufan, u dhaqmaan sida electrodes, iyo budada phosphor ama kaari therebetween glows markii electrons ma dhex mari.

dood for

• qalabka iftiiminta Kuwani adeegaan tobanaan jeer ka dheer laambadihii incandescent bixiyo sahayda awood deggan oo aan isbedbedelka danab weyn oo yareysey tirada inclusions. Marka electrodes in ay gubi soo baxay iyo u qadimeen go'aankooda ka kooban gaarka ah ee ilaaliya buuxieyey tungsten kululaado iyo bixinta xasilooni dheecaanku ka, taas oo yaraynaysa nolosha isha iftiinka. guluubka dhamaado gudcur, iyo qabqabtaa laambadda.
• wax soo saarka The iftiinka nalalka dhaadheer halkii watt qiyaastii 3-4 jeer ka dheer nalalka incandescent.
• Waxay ku kala duwan yihiin midabka, spectrum warshadu hawada ay waa dhaw in ay qorraxda.
• iftiinka ka dusha oo dhan nalka, halkii buuxieyey tungsten a kala firidhsan.

khasaaraha

• The qiimaha sare.
• nalalka dhaadheer - il iman kara khatarta, tan iyo guluubka kasta waxaa ku jira 5 mg of mercury, taas oo ah mid aad u sun ah oo uu noqon karaa mid waxyeello ku yahay caafimaadka iyo deegaanka.
• laambadihii dheecaan u nugul yihiin kul hoose iyo sare. uma shaqeyn karto marka heerkulku hoos ku -20 ° C iyo wixii ka sareeya +50 ° C.
• Qaar xasaasi ku ah qoyaan.
• On dib u dhac, tan iyo markii ay qaadataa waqti inuu is kululeeyo laambadda.
• Aan caadi ahayn loogu talagalay spectrum iftiinka, taasoo keentay in dhalanrog ka mid ah midabka. Eller la soo noqnoqoshada ah laba jeer inta jeer ee dhaxe.

Shuruudaha xulashada

1. Foomka iyo dhinacyada. dhalooyinka iyo gulufyadii yihiin aad u kala duwan oo xuduudaheedu waa kuwan. Foomka A caadiga ah ee nalalka dhaadheer waa tube toosan. Its dhexroor waa badan ah mid siddeedaad oo hal inji. Sayidka, size laambadda 1 dhexroorka inch - T8. Size u dhaxeysa T2 in T17. nalalka dhaadheer Compact, sida caadiga ah, qaadan foomka of a U-qaabeeya iyo muquuninta. Dabcan, muuqaalka saameyn ah kuma laha hawlgalka laambad, laakiin nidaamyada muquuninta waa yara qaali, maxaa yeelay, way ka sii adag tahay in la sameeyo.

2. Start. heleynin macquulka ah, waaya'aragnimo elektaroonik ah ama electromagnetic.

3. Power. Waxaa u dhaxeysa 3 ilaa 85 watts. daadanayo iska Ifto Yuuna ah laambadihii incandescent by 3-4 jeer ka hooseeya in dhaadheer, si dooran xoogga loo baahan yahay waa in lagu saleeyaa dhalaalka doonayo. nalalka dhaadheer, kuwaas oo awood waa loo siman yahay si 25-30 W, bedelo 100W obychngye korontada. Si aad u bedeli il nuurka 75-watt keydinta tamarta filan 9 watts. laambad A dhaadheer, kuwaas oo awood waa 15 W, bedeli karo laambad incandescent 60 watts ah.

xiriirka Table ka daadanayo iska Ifto Yuuna iyo isticmaalka awoodda noocyada kala duwan ee laambadihii caawin doona fahmaan oo dhan Gudigga ah.

4. Cap. noocyo badan waxay kala yihiin:

• B soor,
• xir (Edison) socle E;
• -Hal dhinac double-dhamaatay G.

Tirada ka dib xarfaha muujinaysaa ballaciisu yahay nooca cap B ama E, ama masaafada u dhexeysa xiriirada ee gabayga waa mm nooca G.

Asal ahaan in chandeliers iyo laambadihii la isticmaalo laambad dhaadheer ee isafgaradka leh dhexroor salka E27 of 27 mm iyo dhexroor EPS E14 of 14 mm.

5. midabka Light. Waxa u dhiganta heerkulka jidhka madow radiating la chromaticity gaar ah. Iyada oo sii kordhaya heerkulka, qaybta buluuga ah ee spectrum koror ah, iyo hoos u cas. Qiyaasay in kelvins. dareen The shakhsi ahaan qofka raadinaya Nuurka midabka gaar ah, loo yaqaan dareenka midabka ah. midabka ugu weyn ee iftiinka iyo aragtida midabka dhiganta:

• 2700 K - sverhtoply cad;
• 3000 K - iftiin White diirran;
• 3,500 K - iftiin cad;
• 4000K - iftiin cad oo qabow,
• 5000 K iyo dheeraad ah - maalin cad.

6. dawgalay The midabka. Waxay tusineysaa eegno sida dabiiciga ah xeeran walxaha in lamplight ah. Wehliyaha qiyaasay midabka Ra. Ilo Light la chromaticity siman yeelan karaan dhalmo midabka kala duwan ay sabab u qaybaha kala duwan ee iftiinka timaada. Waayo, factor qoraxda waa 100.

sixitaanka

Soo-saareyaasha of luminaires calaamadee sheyga siyaabo kala duwan.

sida caadiga ah nalalka dhaadheer ee Mareykanka waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay by FxxTy template, halkaas oo F tusinaysaa nooca, tirada ugu horeysay xx (SOMA dhaadheer, ifaya.) - ama ereeya ama dhererka in inches, -form T (SOMA embriyaha, embriyaha.) Oo tiradii ugu danbeysay y - dhexroor of 1/8 inch (3.175 mm).

soo socda waa warqaddii ah ee midabka ah:

• WW - diiran White, White diiran.
• CW - Qabooji White, Cool White.
• N - Dhexdhexaad, dhex-dhexaad ah.
• D - Iftiinka Maalinta, la badallo.
• WWX - Deluxe diiran White, cad diiran oo leh midabka sare.
• CWX - Deluxe Qabooji White, cad qabow la haya'ad a color sare.
• BLB - Blacklight, ultraviolet.

Dhamaadka sixitaanka qaababka loo qoondeeyey ee qalabka,

• Rs - Rapid Start, bilow si dhakhso ah.
• WAA - Start Instant, dagdag ah ku bilowday.
• HO - Output High, oolnimada sare.

Sifooyinka nalalka dhaadheer

iftiinka madaxtooyada General Electric Shumaca T2 9W laga saaro oo la saftay E14 iyo E27, a ka daadanayo magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna of 405 Lumen, heerkulka cad iyo maalintii diiran midabka (2700 K iyo K 6500), 82 color index haya'ad Ra. Waxa loo isticmaalaa in chandeliers iyo kulamada kale ee nalalka leh guluubka ah la arki karo qolalka, waddooyinka iyo lobbies ee ganacsiga hoolalka, hotels, makhaayadaha, guryahooda.

waxyaabaha Philips

Master TL-D 90 De Luxe - G13 laambad dhaadheer, T8, 93 la index haya'ad midab Ra8, heerkulka midab of 65000 K a - iftiin qabow. Available in saddex qeybood:

• 18W / 965 1SL - 18 laambadihii W dhaadheer leh dheecaan magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna ee 1150 lumens iyo waxtarka ku magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna of 63.9 lm / W;
• / 965 1SL 58W - ilo 58-watt iftiin leh dheecaan magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna ee 4550 lumens iyo waxtarka ku magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna of 77,8 lm / W;
• 36W / 965 1SL - 36 laambadihii W dhaadheer leh dheecaan magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna ee 2800 lumens iyo waxtarka ku magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna of 77,8 lm / W.

index haya'ad midabka High kuu ogolaanayaa inaad si aad u aragto midabada hodan, luscious oo dabiici ah, taas oo ka dhigaysa laambadda maarmaan in isbitaalada, dukaamo print, isku qurxiyo, matxafyada, xafiiska dhakhtarka ilkaha iyo dukaamada. laambadihii ku kala duwan yihiin daahan phosphor tayo sare leh iyadoo la isticmaalayo phosphor saddex-band iyo la'aanta gebi ahaanba la yareeyo heerka Nuur ah.

Master TL-D Xtreme 36W / 840 1SL - dhaadheer Siraaj 36 xoogga watt, laba-pin, midabka qabow-cad la index haya'ad midabka 85 Ra8, a ka daadanayo magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna ee 3250 Lumen a Nuur saarka wejiga 90 lm / W. Its feature waa nolosha kor u adeega of 66 000 saacadood, taas oo muhiim u ah meelaha qiimaha sare ee laambadihii bedelka ay sabab u tahay height ee qolka, shaqada kalagoynta, ama Halkaas oo iftiinku yahay waqtiga oo dhan - aabudhay, rigs saliid, ee wax soo saarka si joogto ah.

Master PL-C 18W / 830 / 2p 1CT - laambad awood double-ku dhamaatay 18-watt dhaadheer la G24d-2-dalool, midab diiran cad ee 3000 K, index haya'ad midab of 82 Ra8, a ka daadanayo magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna ee 1200 Lumen ah, lagu qiimeeyo tayada shaqo iska Ifto Yuuna 67 lm / W. Loogu talagalay nalalka guud socdka ee goobaha madadaalada, iibinta iyo dhismayaasha xafiiska. laambad dhaadheer Philips Master PL-C isticmaalaa technology asalka buundada in damaanad qaadaya waxqabadka fiicnayn, caymiska wanaagsan iyo hufnaan sare. A laba-model ayaa saldhig saari karo iyo waxa loo isticmaalaa la EMPRA.

ilo iftiin Energy-ool ah ka Osram

Osram saarta laambad dhaadheer ee isafgaradka 18 W DSST FCY 18 W / 825 E27 midab diiran 2500 K, index haya'ad midab of 80 a, dheecaan iska Ifto Yuuna ee 1050 lumens iyo kaydadka ee E27. qalabka waa in la hor istaagi tiro aad u badan oo ah wareegyo bilaabo awood - ka hor 1 Mill.

Osram Lumilux T9 C - 29 mm la kaydadka a ah G10Q laambad annular, lagu qiimeeyo awoodda 22 W, heerkulka midabka 2700 K, midabka index haya'ad ee 80-89, a ka daadanayo magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna ee 1350 lumens iyo wax soo saarka magacaaban iftiin 61 lm / W. Waxaa loogu talagalay dadweynaha dhismayaasha, makhaayadaha, warshadaha, dukaamada, dukaamada, hoteelada. Waxaa lagu gartaa-oolnimada, tayada fiican ee wax soo saarka iftiinkooduna u fiican, xitaa nalal aan Hooskooda. Oggol yahay sixitaanka dhalaalka.

L 36 W / 840-1 - 1 laambadihii mitir toosan, dhaadheer, 36W, saldhig G13 godka, heerkulka midab of 4000 K, a ka daadanayo magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna ee 3100 lumens, 80 color index haya'ad Ra, tayada magacaaban iska Ifto Yuuna 86 lm / W. Loogu talagalay nalalka gaadiidka dadweynaha.

Endura 70 W / 830 - il light electrodeless Osram 70W, a dheecaan iska Ifto Yuuna qiimeeyo ee 6200 lumens heerkulka midabka cad diiran 3000 K, index haya'ad midabka iyo iska Ifto Yuuna 80-90 Ra 80 lm / W. Waxa loo isticmaalaa nalalka tunnel, dhirta, waddooyinka, meelaha lagu cayaaro. Lagu gartaa cimri dherer sare (ilaa 100 000 h.), Karti, wax soo saarka Lumen sare, degdeg ah bilowga.

Electrodeless laambad dhaadheer - qalab ah oo dheecaan ka dhacdaa beerta ku electromagnetic ee hirka sare ee ay ku diirkja magnetic on sibraarkii. play magnetic doorka aasaasiga ah loogu fuuli jiray of transformer ah, iyo dheecaan gaaska - sare. Astaamaha u gaarka ah nalalka dhaadheer ee noocan ah waxaa la dhimay si sledyuschemu: qalabka deggan, iyagu waa waqti dheer ay sabab u tahay maqnaanshaha electrodes burburto.

DSST SENSOR Champions League A 15 W / 827 E27 - awoodda ilayska nalalka dhaadheer ee 15 W, daadanayo iska Ifto Yuuna of 870 Lumen, heerkulka iftiin cad diiran ee 2700 K. Miyuu oolnimada sare ay sabab u tahay joogsiga toos ah maalintii. Waxaa loogu talagalay in loo isticmaalo dibada oo kaliya.