Network iyo technology network. Network tiknoolajiyadda macluumaadka

Maanta, shabakadaha iyo teknoolajiyada network in lagu xiro dadka adduunka oo dhan, oo waxay u siiyaan in ay helaan raaxo ugu weyn dunida oo dhan - xidhiidhka aadanaha. Dadka aan chat faragelinta iyo ciyaarta oo aad saaxiibo ku jira qaybaha kale ee dunida.

dhacdooyinka lagu yaqaan adduunka oo dhan in ilbiriqsi. Mid ka mid ah waa inay awoodaan in ay ku xidhmaan Internetka iyo gabal macluumaadka ku riday.

macluumaad Network technology, xididdada ay asal ahaan

In qeybtii labaad ee ilbaxnimada aadanaha qarnigii la soo dhaafay ayaa waxaa la aasaasay by labo ka mid ah warshadaha ugu muhiimsan ee sayniska iyo farsamada ay - computer iyo teknoolojiga isgaarsiinta. About rubuc ka mid ah qarnigii a labada warshadaha kuwaas oo si madax banaan u qoondeeyey, oo iyaga gudahooda, siday u kala horreeyaan, shabakadaha computer iyo isgaarsiinta ayaa la abuuray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saddexdii bilood ee la soo dhaafay qarnigii labaatanaad oo sabab u ah ee horumar iyo interpenetration ee labadan laamood oo aqoonta aadanaha, oo waxaa jiray waxa aan soo wici dheer "technology network" waa hoosaad ka mid ah fikirka guud ee "technology macluumaad".

Sidaas darteed ay muuqaalka waxaa jiray kacaanka cusub ee farsamada ee dunida. Sida a sano ee yar ka hor inta dusha dalka ay qariyeen by shabakad kala leexdaan, dhamaadka qarnigii la soo dhaafay, dalalka oo dhan, magaalooyinka iyo tuulooyinka, shirkadaha iyo ururrada iyo sidoo kale guryo gaar ah ayaa la xiriira "superhighway macluumaadka." Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhan ay u noqdaan xubno ka shabakadaha kala duwan la isugu gudbiyo xogta u dhexeeya kombiyuutarada, kuwaas oo qaarkood technology gudbinta macluumaadka ayaa la ogaaday.

Technology Network, fikradda iyo content

technology Network waa ku filan dhismaha a network data-processing taxan dhigay xeerarka matalaad iyo gudbinta macluumaadka, dhaqan sida a ee loo yaqaan "maamuuska caadiga ah", iyo sidoo kale hardware iyo software, oo ay ku jiraan adapters network la wadayaasha, fiilooyinka iyo fiber optic, Xidhiidhiyayaasha kala duwan ( Xidhiidhiyayaasha).

"Kaafinimada" waxaa loola jeedaa in dhismaha waa yaraynta of, iyadoo la sii suurogal ah in ay dhismaha shabakad shaqaynaya. Waa in ay leeyihiin awood u hagaajinta, tusaale ahaan, by it abuuraya subnets, u baahan in isticmaalka hab maamuuska heerar kala duwan, iyo sidoo kale spetskommunikatorov, caadi ahaan loo yaqaan "router". Iyada oo horumar ah ee network uu noqdo mid dhakhso badan oo lagu kalsoonaan karo, laakiin at kharashka booqashada superstructures ka badan qayb ka technology network dahsoon ee ay ku salaysan.

Erayga "technology network" waxaa inta badan la isticmaalo ee dareenka kor ku xusan cidhiidhi ah, laakiin inta badan waxaa sidoo kale guud ahaan fasiraa sida set mid ka mid ah xeerarka iyo dhismaha qaar ka mid ah shabakadaha, sida "technology shabakadaha computer maxalliga ah."

noocooda A of technology network

noocooda First of network computer ah, laakiin aan weli network laftiisa, waxay bilaabeen in 60-80s ah. qarnigii la soo dhaafay, nidaamka multi-terminal. La soo set oo ah kormeeraha iyo keyboard, kuwaas oo ku yaal masaafo weyn oo ka mainframe iyo isku xira iyaga via Moodeemka telefoon ama khadadka ijaaray, boosteejada ka mid ah dhismaha ah ITC kala firdhiyey oo dhan dhismaha.

Isla mar ahaantaana, marka laga reebo wadaha computer si ITC ah, oo dhan users waxaa la siiyaa fursad ay ku soo geli boosteejada u rada hawlaha iyo socdo ay dil on kormeeraha, iyo fulinta qaar ka mid ah maamulka hawlaha shaqo. Nidaamyadan in loo fuliyo labada waqti algorithms-soociddiisa oo processing Dufcaddii, loo yaqaan nidaamka galo shaqo fog.

WANs

Ka dib markii nidaamka multi-terminal ee 60s soo daahay. qarnigii labaatanaad. Waxaa la abuuray iyo nooca ugu horeysay ee network - network computer caalamiga ah (GCS). Waxay ku xidhan supercomputers in jirey in nuqulo hal iyo kaydka xogta iyo software gaar ah si ay kumbiyuutarrada waaweyn, iyaga oo saldhiggoodu yahay masaafo ilaa kun oo kiiloomitir, via shabakadaha telefoonka iyo Moodeemka. technology network Tani waxaa hore u tijaabiyey in a nidaamyada multi-terminal.

SSC ugu horeysay 1969 noqday ARPANET, kuwaas oo ka shaqeeyey US Department of Difaaca iyo isku kombiyuutarada Nuurre Aw nidaamyo kala duwan qalliinka. Waxay ahaayeen qalabaysan dopmoduley for xaqiijinta isgaarsiinta maamuuska network, caadi ah in dhammaan xubnaha shabakad kombiyuutarada. Waxay ahayd on aasaaska iyada of technology network loo isticmaalaa in hadda la horumariyo.

Tusaale ahaan hore ee wada ee shabakadaha computer iyo isgaarsiinta

GCS dhaxlay link ka shabakadaha waaweyn iyo caalamka - .. Telephone, ie inay khadadka cusub ee masaafada dheer waxay ahayd mid aad u qaali ah. Sidaa darteed, sanado badan ay isticmaali channels cod analog for gudbinta waqti la siiyo mid ka mid ah wada hadal kaliya. data Digital waxaa loo wareejiyey on xawaare aad u hooseeya (tobanaan kbit / s), oo awood u leh inay xaddido gudbinta files xogta iyo e-mail.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhaxlidda khadadka telefoonka, SCSO ma qaataan technology muhiimka ah, oo ku salaysan mabda'a Beddelashada circuit, markii labada ciyaaryahan kasta oo ka mid macaamiishu waqti fadhiga oo dhan channel istaagay xawaare joogto ah. GCS loo isticmaalo technology cusub network computer, oo ku salaysan mabda'a Beddelashada baakadda, taas oo xogta qaab qaybo yaryar oo ka mid ah xirmooyin heerka joogto ah ayaa la siiyaa in shabakadda unswitched oo helay by qaata in network codes cinwaanka ay gundhig in madax baakadka.

ka horreeyay läns

Xaaladan ee 70s soo daahay. qarnigii labaatanaad. LSI keentay in la abuuro of a mini-computer la qiimo hooseeyo iyo shaqeynayaan hodan. Markaasay waxay bilaabeen inay si dhab ah u tartamaan la kombiyuutarada weyn.

Waxay aad caan u noqday mini-computer PDP-11 qoys. Waxay ahaayeen lagu rakibay oo dhan, xataa a unugyada wax soo saarka aad u yar si loo xakameeyo geedi socodka farsamo iyo qaybaha habka shakhsi, iyo sidoo kale shirkadaha maaraynta waaxda si ay u qabtaan hawlo xafiiska.

Waxaa jiray fikirka ah ilaha computer ganacsi-ballaaran qaybiyey, inkastoo minicomputers ayaa weli ka shaqeynayo oo iskooda.

dhalashada ee LAN-xirka

By bartamihii 80s-. qarnigii labaatanaad. Waxaan la soo bandhigay farsamooyinka isku mini-combiyuutarka ee shabakadda, oo ku salaysan xidhiidh ay baakidhka xogta, sida in GCS.

Oo intay jeesteen ayay dhismaha shabakad ka mid ah shirkadaha, loo yaqaan degaanka (LAN - LAN) ee, in hawl dhowaad Ciyaalle. Waayo, Abuurkiisa, u baahan tahay oo kaliya in ay soo iibsadaan adabtarada network ah ee technology LAN-xulay, tusaale ahaan, Ethernet, nidaam cable caadiga ah, lagu rakibay on Xidhiidhiyayaasha cable ay (boosteejada) iyo xirmaan adabtarada u mini-kombiyuutarada iyo mid kasta oo kale iyada oo loo marayo fiilooyinka kuwan. Next, server computer ah lagu rakibay mid ka mid ah nidaamka qalliinka loogu talagalay ururka LAN - network. Ka dib markii in, ay bilowday in ay ka shaqeeyaan, iyo goysiga ku xiga ee kasta minicomputers cusub ma sababi wax dhibaato ah.

go'an ee ah ee Internet-ka

Haddii ah ee minicomputers ogol yahay in loo qoondeeyo dhaqaalo computer si siman dhulka ee shirkadaha, soo bixitaanka in ay 90s hore. PC keentay in ay soo if-tartiib ugu horeysay ee goob kasta oo shaqaale kasta oo lahaa aqoon, ka dibna guryaha aadanaha shaqsi.

The kharash yar qaraabo iyo isku halaynta sare ee PC ugu horeysay boost a awood u-LAN network siiyey, ka dibna keentay in soo bixitaanka of network caalami ah computer - Internet, ayaa maanta lagu xaaqayo dunida.

Size ee Internet bil kasta waxaa sii kordhaya by 7-10%. Waa gal core ah shabakadaha maxalliga ah iyo kuwa caalamiga ah ee shirkadaha kala duwan iyo hay'adaha adduunka oo dhan la mid kasta oo kale.

Haddii Marxaladda koowaad Internetka ugu horrayn lagu kala qaado files xogta iyo farriimaha e-mail, laakiin maanta waxa ay inta badan bixisaa fog fog si ay u Resource Information qaybiyey iyo archives elektaroonik ah, si informsluzhbam dalal badan oo ganacsi iyo non-ganacsiga helaan. Uu archives helitaanka lacag la'aan ah ku jira macluumaad ku saabsan ficil dhammaan meelaha aqoonta iyo waxqabadka aadanaha - jiho cusub ee sayniska, saadaasha hawada.

Basic Network LAN-network technology

ka mid ah farsamooyinka ugu muhiimsan on taas oo ku salaysan network gaar ah lagu dhisi karo. Tusaale ahaan, technology sida si fiican u yaqaan sida a LAN-Ethernet (1980), Token Ring (1985) iyo FDDI (80s dhamaadka.).

In dabayaaqadii 90-mada. hoggaamiye LAN-Ethernet kasbashada technology baxday technology midaynta duwanaansho classical kuwii la heerka gudbinta xogta ilaa 10 Mbit / s, iyo Ethernet Fast (ilaa 100 Mbit / c) iyo Gigabit Ethernet (1000 Mbit / c). All Ethernet-technology waxay leeyihiin mabaadi'da la mid ah hawlgalka, fududaynta hawshooda iyo isku LAN-shabakadaha ku salaysan iyaga on.

Isla muddadaas, muhimka ah ee ku dhow oo dhan horumarinta nidaamka hawlgalka computer bilaabay inuu wax dhiso hawlaha network si ay u hirgeliyaan technology kor ku xusan web-ku saleysan macluumaadka. xataa waxaa ku jiray OS isgaarsiinta gaar ah sida shirkadda Cisco macruufka Systems.

Sidee ayaa technology GCS ah

GCS technology on channels telefoon analog sabab u ah heerka sare ee dhalanrog ka mid ah algorithms gacanta adag oo kala duwan iyo soo kabashada xogta. Tusaale ka mid ah kuwan waa horumarinta technology X.25 weli waa bilowga 70s ka. qarnigii labaatanaad. teknoolajiyada More sare xirka - Relay jir ah, ISDN, ATM.

ISDN - gaabinta ah taasoo la micno ah "network digital adeegyada isku dhafan", u ogolaanaya fulinta fog video shirarka. helitaanka Remote waxaa bixiya rakibidda ah adapters PC ISDN socda marar badan ka dhaqso badan Moodeemka kasta. Waxa kale oo jira software gaar ah oo kuu ogolaanaya in daalacashada caanka ah iyo nidaamyada hawlgalka la ISDN shaqeeyaan. Laakiin qiimaha sare ee qalabka iyo baahida loo qabo in la jiifsaday link gaar ah ayaa caqabad ku ah horumarka of technology this.

technology WAN gudubtay shabakadaha telefoonka. Ka dib dhalashada ee tilifoonnada digital Spetstechnology Plesiochronous Digital jaranjarada ayaa la sameeyey (qaadista), taas oo ay taageertaa xawaare ilaa 140 Mbit / s oo loo isticmaalo in la abuuro ganacsi ee shabakadaha iyaga u gaar ah.

technology New Synchronous Digital jaranjarada (SDH) ee 80s soo daahay. qarnigii labaatanaad. bandwidth balaariyay channels telefoonka digital ilaa 10 GB / c, cufan Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology - boqolaal GB / c iyo xataa ilaa dhowr terabits / c.

technology Internet

teknoolajiyada shabakadda Internet ku salaysan isticmaalka luqadda xiraysid (ama luqada HTML) - spetsyazyka sixitaanka waraaqaha elektaroonik ah, oo ka kooban set ah ku amray of sifooyinka (tags), soo bandhigay website-horumarinta pre in kasta oo pages ay. Dabcan, haddii ay taasi waxaan aan la hadlayaan qoraal ah ama dokumentiyo graphic (photos, sawiro) in mar hore la "degsan" ka user Internet ah, in xusuustiisa uu PC iyo viewed iyada oo qoraal ah ama tafatirayaasha graphic. Tani waa bogagga Web-ka loo yaqaan viewed barnaamijka browser ah.

Horumarinta goobaha Web iyaga abuuri on-af HTML ah (hadda abuuray qalab iyo teknoolajiyada badan in la shaqeeyaa, si wadajir ah loo yaqaan "khariidad site") ee foomka of pages web wada, iyo milkiilayaasha site waxaa la geeyaa server Internet hoos kiro ka milkiilayaasha server kaydinta (ee loo yaqaan "ciidankii"). Waxay ka shaqaynayaan saacad on internetka, adeega baahida dadka isticmaala ay u aragto boggaga web ayaa lagu daray iyaga.

Kumbiyuutarada user daalacashada, helay by server ee bixiyaha adeegga Internet si ay u helaan server gaar ah, cinwaanka kaas oo ku jira magaca web site codsaday, inay helaan this site. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, falanqeeyo ee HTML-tag ee bog kasta oo aad u arkaysid, daalacashada sameeyaan ay image shaashadda qaab kuwaas oo waxaa lagu uuraysan by sameeysa ee goobta - oo dhan headlines, midabyo iyo noocyada, qobays kala duwan ee foomka of photos, jaantus, sawirada, iyo wixii la mid ah. .