1.223: in Russia ay dhacdo. Natiijada ka mid ah Battle of Kalka ah

Black muuqday 1.223 u ah dalka. Munaasabadan ayaa waxaa ka dhacay Russia ayaa la sheegay in ay go'aamiyeen dhowr qarniyo muuqaalka siyaasadeed ee Bariga Yurub. Mid ka mid ah dagaal aan lagu guuleysan jeestay koorsada oo dhan taariikhda.

1.223: Event ee Russia

oo dhan waxay leeyihiin heer sare ah oo ka manhajka dugsiga ku hay in bilowgii qarnigii 13aad - markii ugu of duulaankii Mongol ee dalka Polovtsian (ku xiga si ay qabiilkii Slavic) iyo soohdinta reer Russia. Fatxi Ruush dalka reer faraha ka jiray si tartiib ah, laakiin waxa ka dhacay 1.223 in Russia? Waxa ay ahayd May 31, 1.223 (sida aad noo soo sheegtay Laurentian Chronicle) qaaday dagaalkii ugu horeeyay ee ciidamada Khan iyo askar Ruush. Dhamaanteen waan ognahay taariikhda dhacdadan waxa loo yaqaan "The Battle of River Kalka ah."

Sababaha ka mid ah Battle of Kalka ah

dagaal u dhexeeya tataarka iyo Ruush princely si degdeg ah ama goor dambe, waxay ahayd in la qabto. Waa maxay sababta? Sida laga soo xigtay istaraatijiyad Mongol, kaas oo waxaa la sameeyey by Genghis Khan, xaalkiisu wuxuu lahaa si ay u daboosho territory Mongoliyaan run ma aha oo kaliya, laakiin sidoo kale kordhiyo si ay u dhan of Europe.

Maxaad sida dhul weyn ee Mongols ah? Ha illoobin in ay yihiin reer guuraa. dadka noocan oo kale ah ma fadhiisan karaan hal meel ka mid ah jidka beeraha. Reer guuraa aan ku hawlan beeraha, iyo xoolaha oo keliya. The wakiillo ka Dadkuna waxay ahaayeen lo 'weyn lahaa wax ay ku quudiyaan. Habka beeraha ku lug bedelka wareegsan daaqa cusub, maxaa yeelay, daaqii hore in la cuno Xayawaanka cuntada sida wax aan lahaa. Waxa loo baahan yahay Europe ahaa Mongols sida daaqa a iman kara lo'dooda.

Dhacdooyinka ka hor dagaal ku Kalka ah

Waxaa cad in xaaladda dagaalka on Kalka ah ma kolkiiba ma aha. March ayaa guul oo ka mid ah ciidamada Mongols bilaabay in Central Asia. Markaas dadka faraha ka madax dhinaca Iran. ciidanka No iyaga ma joojin kari lahaa. Mongols sii tug jihada of Caucasus. Madaxda Horde ogahay in dhowr magaalo oo waaweyn ay hodan ku yihiin Caucasus, kaas oo awoodo dhacaan. Lahaanshaha March guul leh inay Caucasus, sida Ciidamada Joorijiyaan galay dalalka Russia oo casri ah, kuwaas oo dhul halka qabiilooyinka reer binu Alans iyo Polovtsy noolaa. xoog The oo ka mid ah dadyowga reer guuraaga ah looga adkaaday mid mid, maxaa yeelay, diblomaasiyadda oo ka mid ah ugu guulaysannaa Mongol sidoo kale si guul ah ku shaqeeya.

1.223 ... Event ee Russia, kaas oo dhici kara, oo aan amiirrada ku faraxsan yahay, waayo, waxay garanayeen si degdeg ah ama goor dambe soo sawirtay, kuwaas oo gaadhay Kiev. amiirradii Ruush lahaa inuu yimaado duuban la Mongols ee codsiga of Polovtsy ah. Mar kale, kulanka Ciidamada Genghis Khan ayaa si degdeg ah ama goor dambe, weli dhacay lahaa. Ogaaday in tataarka ah ma aysan joogsan, amiirradii oo go'aansaday inaan diido gargaarka Polovtsian Khan. Kulan ee Kiev, ciidamada Mstislava Galitskogo iyo Mstislav macangag ah (waqti in Prince of Kiev), si ay foodda ee xilli yimid. Inta lagu jiro xilli Mongols jeer soo diray safiirada ay, ujeedada taas oo ahayd in ay joojiyaan ciidamada dalka Ruushka. Mongols ayaa ku dooday in ay ula qabsan kartaa Polovtsy ah, laakiin ma aha in magaalada Ruush tegi doonaa.

dagaalka ayaa la Mongols ah

Og taas ay dhacdo ka dhacday 1.223, wax yar ka hor ku soo sawirtay of Batu Khan, Genghis Khan ee Russia (oo kala ah, Fatxi ee magaalooyinka ugu taajirsan ee Caucasus), taliyayaasha Ruush mana ayan rumayn danjirayaasha Horde. Sidaa darteed, xilli socday. Gang hoos u dhaqaaqay Dnieper ah. In waxa hadda waa gobolka Cherkassy ah ciidamada amiir ee Ukraine lahaa in la sameeyo isgoyska of Dnieper ah. Xitaa halkan waxaa jiray kulan ugu horeysay ciidamada cadowga. Mongols waxay ahaayeen fardo degdeg ah, si ay u awoodaan in ay ka baxsadaan iyo jiido ciidamada Ruush ee haboon dagaalka, oo ku yaalla meel u dhow webiga casriga Kalmius (gobolka Zaporizhia) ahaayeen.

Bilow dagaalka ku jiray amiirradii Ruush. Ilaa xad waxaa lagu macnayn karaa by xawaaraha tallaabo ciidamada princely. amiirka Kiev gudbeen wabiga, iyo bartay xerada Mongoliyaan meel fog, wuxuu meesha uu ciidamada ku soo laabtay oo u diyaari dagaal. Mongols ayaa bilaabay u Dumayn. Gaar ahaan si adag u riixriixan oo ku saabsan kooxda yihiin Daniila Galitskogo. Laakiin markaas Horde Golden galay dagaal ciidamada dheeraadka ah, taas oo keentay in natiijada kama dambaysta ah ee dagaallada badan ee taariikhda dadyowga Yukreeniyaan iyo Ruush - baxsadaan sokeeye (Polovtsy), oo baabbi'iyeen dhismeedka amiirrada ciidamada Ruush. Taas ka dib, guul tataarka ahaa arrin waqti iyo technology. ciidanka Slavic ayaa khasaare culus ee dagaalka this.

gunaanad

1.223 ... Event in Russia waa runtii naxdin leh. Guul darradii Kalka saaray Russia oo dhan in ku tiirsanaanta toos ah oo dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan xaaladda, "Zolotaya Orda." Ilkeed harqood socday ku dhawaad 300 oo sano. Tani waxay muddo taariikheed weyn loo dhigay saamayn taban ku leh horumarinta Russia iyo Ukraine ee dalka casriga ah.