Yuu yahay qushigiisu weyn?

Leafing dhex arrimaha jir ah oo ka mid ah xilliyeedyada Soviet waxaa laga heli karaa weedha ah "qushigiisu weyn". Ogow waxa ay ka dhigan tahay, article caawin doono.

prehistory

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee hadal noocaas ah waxaa laga helaa suugaanta Christian. Gaar ahaan, Ioann Zlatoust, kuwaas oo ku noolaa ee Warega ee da'doodu u 4-5, in uu khuseeya "Wada hadaladii on kitaabka Bilowgii," loo yaqaan qushigiisu Great Kan ugu sarreeya, oo uu markabka - Kaniisadda.

Sida erayga "pilot", waa in afka Ruush waa muddo shinka nautical u dhigma fikradda casriga ah ee "shukaanta".

doisprezece Stalin

Bishii September 1934, muujinta "qushigiisu weyn" waxaa loo isticmaalay mid ka mid ah la daabaco ee wargeyska "Pravda". Maqaalka markii ugu hibeeyeen ilaa ay kala guurka oo ka mid ah qalada bi'iyo Sea Northern Route "Fyodor Litke" ka Vladivostok in Murmansk. In warqad this, shaqaalihii markabka ayaa la siiyay markabka telegraam ah taas oo lagu yidhi: ". Guushaan ayaa ku guuleystay ... mahad ... shaqaalaha, si ay u fuliyaan shaqada ku saleysan ... ... ... tilmaamaha Great Badmareenada Jaalle Stalin" Isticmaalka title this ka dhanka ah Iosifa Vissarionovicha jawi badmaax oo si buuxda xaq, maadaama ay ahayd in habayn ay xirfad.

Isla mar ahaantaana si dhib leh, waxay ogaadeen ee khuseeya ka Ioanna Zlatousta oo si qalad ah loo yaqaan Stalin epithet ah, taas oo fiqi ah oo caan ah Byzantine isticmaalo ereygu u jeedaa Ilaah.

Wax kasta oo ay ahayd, weedha ah "qushigiisu weyn" xeeldheer in saxaafadda Soviet oo waxaa si joogto ah la kulmaan bogagga wargaysyada iyo jaraaidka. From waxaa jira, waxa ay u guureen galay ereyada ah hawlwadeennada xisbiga, kuwaas oo bilaabay in ay si firfircoon u isticmaalaan, hadalkii miyi tarabuunka iyo kulamada.

Badmareenada Shiinaha Mao Tszedun

In dabayaaqadii 40-mada ay qarnigii la soo dhaafay, Shiinaha waxay bilaabeen in ay qaataan qaabaynta nidaam shakhsiyadda ee hoggaamiyaha xisbiga shuuciga Chinese ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, u dooda deegaanka ayaa ansixiyay ka dhigooda Soviet horyaalka ee "Badmareenada Great" oo waxay bilaabeen inay u isticmaali ee la xiriirta Mao Zedong.

sano ka yar

Badmareenada Great ee Shiinaha - Mao Tszedun - waxa uu ku dhashay 1893. Waxa uu helay quruxsan hufan ee waxbarasho waqti in, iyo in sano ardayga Beijing kula kulmay Maarkiistaha maxaliga ah. In 1920, uu ugu danbeyn go'aansaday in views siyaasadeed by shuuciyad. Sannad ka dib, Mao ayaa ka mid ahaa ka qaybgalayaasha in Dastuurka Congress ee shuuciga xisbiga Chinese ah.

Jidka ugu sareeya ee

In 1928, Mao Tszedun abuurtaa a Jamhuuriyadda Soviet xoog ku galbeed ee gobolka Jiangxi. Later, dayrta ee 1931, in falalka firfircoon oo ka mid ah Communists 10 degmo oo qayb ka mid ah bartamaha dalka mahad ku jira gacanta ee Red Army Chinese ah oo jabhada ka. Waxaa suurto gal ah in ay halkaas la abuuro xaalad cusub. Waxaa noqday kuwa loo yaqaan Soviet Jamhuuriyadda Shiinaha, oo uu hoggaaminayo Golaha Commissars Dadka helay Mao Zedong. Markaasuu wuxuu soo kaxaystay qayb firfircoon halganka anti-Japanese, oo wuxuu ahaa awoodaan in ay ka saarid Gomindanskoe dowladda muxaafidka ah, calaamad u noqotey dhammaadkii Dagaalkii Sokeeye.

October 1, 1949 dhowridda Mao Tszedun naadiyey formation of PRC la caasimada Beijing. qudhiisu yahay guddoomiyaha dawladda cusub ee gobolka.

Shiinaha hoos Mao

In sannadaha hore ee Badmareenada Great Shiinaha ayaa lahaa rajo weyn kaalmo dhaqaale iyo farsamo ee Midowga Soofiyeeti iyo siyaabo badan Keeban hogaamiyaha quruumaha Iosifu Stalinu.

In muddo ah ka soo 1950kii si 1956, Mao si tartiib tartiib ah ku qaatay dib u habaynta beerolay oo ay rajaynayeen inay xaliyaan dhibaatada of sugnaanta cuntada ee dalka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in 1957-1958 xiisadda dhaqaale ka qarxay Shiinaha. Markaas Zedong Yimaadeen barnaamij, loo yaqaan "boodboodi weyn weeraryahanka". Wuxuu u soo diray ciidan weyn shaqada dhismaha ee berkadood macmal ah, iyo sidoo kale abuurista selhozkommun iyo shirkadaha warshadaha ee dalka Shiinaha.

Badmareenada Great: Abaarta

In 1958, Mao Tszedun soo saaray amar naxariis darro ah oo dhan wada baabbi'isaan shimbirrood, maxaa yeelay, waxaan u maleeyey in ay kalase ee beeraha, iyo "jidka taagan tahay horumarka dhaqaale ee Shiinaha."

Si uu ku rumoobo hawsha dhigay by qushigiisu weyn, ayaa la ururiyaa si loogu kun oo qof. Waxay la ruxruxo calamada oo ku garaacday fuustooyin in lagu cabsiiyo iska Shimbiraha oo ka soo degtey. Haadda saboolka ah ayaa u duulay sidaa u dheer in waxa uu noqonayaa mid daalay, weli ma ay dhiman ka daal. Sidaas darteed, Shiinaha ayaa si xad dhaaf u dhacday, sida tiradoodu tahay, iyo in gobollada qaar ka mid ah shimbirrood wadajir waayay.

In bilaha ka dib bilowgii ololaha ka dhanka ah shimbirrood iyo cayayaanka kale ee wax-soosaarkooda hadhuudh koror yar waxaa laga soo qoray, laakiin ka dib markii bilowgii ugu horreeyey duulaankii ayaxa, taas oo, iyagoo laga badiyay ay cadowga ugu weyn, la rijeynaya cajiib ah. Natiijadan ayaa waxa ay ka dhacday abaar daran, waxaa lagu duubay kun oo xaaladood oo ay qasheen.

Waxa uu si deg deg ah lagu qasbay in ay saxaan xaaladda Shiinaha inay hadhuudh ka iibsadaan dibadda, iyo shimbirrood ee "cafis" oo waxaa xitaa lagu qasbay in ay soo dhoofsadaan shimbiraha, kuwaas oo laga keenay dalka debeddiisa.

Kacaanku dhaqanka

Sida aad ka fili lahayd, "Great baxdaa Forward" Mao qayb ahaan ku guuldareysatay, oo waxay lahaayeen in la beddelo "Yenan Model" on dhiirigelin shaqsi. bixitaanka noocan oo kale ah ka mabaadi'da ma uu jeclaan hoggaamiyaha Communists Chinese ah. Isla mar ahaantaana ee 1960 hore, qushigiisu Great ahayd si dhab ah uga walaacsan-dhalan-rogga ee dhaqaalaha iyo siyaasadda ee Shiinaha. Intaa waxaa dheer, in uu rumeysan yahay in CCP laftiisa ayaa noqonaya mid aad muxaafidka ah, iyo in iyada wadnaha revisionism daalaeday.

Dabaalan Webiga Yangtze ah

Mao Tszedun ahaa shaqsiyad aan caadi ahayn oo kale. Tusaale ahaan, wuxuu jeclaa in la sameeyo maraysa oo webi Shiinaha. Isla mar ahaantaana, xubno badan oo ka mid ah aqoonyahanada dalka talada haya ee aan ku faani kara qaab la mid ah ciyaaraha heer sare ah sida ay hoggaamiye, ma aan musiibo. Gaar ahaan, marka Badmareenada Great wuxuu u gudbay River Yangtze ee 1966, isagoo jira da'da 73 sano, ku dhowaad dhigay rikoor adduunka ah, waana maanshaynay taliyaha gobolka Military Guangzhou ah, oo mid ka mid ah madaxda xisbiga on xeebaha ee qaniinyada abeesada. Ujeedada this dhacdo aadka u shaaciyey ahaa si ay u muujiyaan in Guddoomiyaha Mao ayaa weli waxaa ka buuxay tamarta iyo inay awoodaan inay dhan colka Revolution dhaqanka macaamiloon.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

Waayo, "kabashada" ee xisbiga shuuciga ah, ayaa wuxuu qaaday dhowr tallaabo oo. dhallinyarada asalkoodu shaqaalaha-ridayeen, kuwaas oo lahaa si ay ula kuwa ka iilata Jidka communist doodeen - Gaar ahaan, kooxaha "Red Ilaalada" ayaa lagu soo abaabulay. Mao ayaa sidoo kale bilaabaha ee cadaadis baaxad weyn oo soo gaaray by malaayiin qof ay noqdaan.

"Dhaqanka Revolution" dhamaaday 1968. Mid ka mid ah sababaha Mao noqday cabsi of duulaankii Soviet ee Shiinaha, oo ay taageerayaan ku dhacdooyinka ee Czechoslovakia.

Great Badmareenada Mao amray in ay kala tagaan ciidamada Red ilaalada iyo la baray ciidanka inuu ka qabsadaan xaaladda ka jirta dalka.

In muddo ah ka soo 1969kii si 1970 Zedong isku dayeen in ay soo celin shuuciga xisbiga burbureen. By waqtiga uu caafimaadka mar hore si xun u wiiqay. Iyadoo ay taasi jirto, wuxuu isku dayay si kasta si ay u ilaaliyaan dheelitirka u dhexeeya kooxaha xisbiga, isku dayaya in ay ka hortagaan kala ah.

Mao dhintay on September 9, 1976 ka dib markii 2 wadne oo daran, nolosha 83-sano. At uu aaska u ahaa in ka badan hal milyan oo qof.

Hadda oo aad ogtahay qof on marxaladaha kala duwan ee taariikhda loogu yeero epithet asalka - qushigiisu Great. Mao Tszedun iyo Stalin looga yeedhay si sanado badan oo horseeday doonniyaha dalalka, kuwaasi oo ay madax, si uu goolka weyn - wadaag. Inkasta oo ku saleysan fikirka this ahaayeen fikradaha sinnaanta iyo bahda, ayaa ku dhow inay diinta kiristaanka, madaxda USSR iyo Shiinaha, sida ay intooda badan ee dalka, ayaa la diiday, hay'ad samafal oo keenay wax badan oo la il daran loogu talo galay dadka ay.