Xal Electrolysis: description, isticmaalka

habka electrolysis yeedhay, lagu gartaa guryaha redox in la ixtiraamo waxyaalaha dastuurka ee cusbada iyo xarumaha kale ee ku sugan dhalaalid ama xal, ag marayo hadda korontada iyaga.

Iyada oo la adeegsanayo electrolysis laga yaabaa in lagu soo saaro biraha iyo nonmetals, lagu gartaa heerka sare Ehelkeedu kiimikada. reaction Tani waxa lagu gartaa xog iyo helitaanka, waxaa xitaa macquul ah si ay u qaabeeyaan guriga. Tani waxay u baahan doonaan il hadda korontada joogto ah, labo ka mid ah electrodes iyo elektrolytka ah loo diyaariyey ka hor. feature ugu aasaasiga ah ee electrolytes waa awoodda ay u leeyihiin in ay sameeyaan hadda korontada.

Kala electrolysis of xal iyo dhalaalayaa ee cusbada, at la mid ah guud ahaan waxay leeyihiin tiro ka mid ah faraq weyn. Hirgalinta electrolysis ee xal, waa in aad ka fiirsan ka qayb-socodka iyo udhigo dareeraha. Electrolysis of dhalaalayaa waxa lagu gartaa joogitaanka kaliya maalkiisu udhigo ah.

Si aad u hesho wax soo saarka la doonayo (in biraha, gaaska, ama wax kasta oo aan biraha) in is ogow of doorashada ee koronto ku haboon iyo diyaarinta elektrolytka ee kala.

Qoraalkani wuxuu ku for koronto ah uma shaqayn karo sidii labada kaari ah oo hadda korontada. Xaaladaha intooda badan, waxay isticmaalaan Biraha, Alloys, ka mid ah waxqabadka bacayn wanaagsan sida koronto ah muujin karaan dhengedihii graphite (carbon). Aad dhif u ah, laakiin loo yaqaan xal farsamada, taas oo wax loogu electrodes waa dareere ah.

Wax walba waa diyaar u ah inay fuliyaan electrolysis of xal cusbo. koronto wanaagsan waxaa lagu magacaabaa anode ah. Waayo, naqshada koronto negative qaaday - cathode ah. Iyada oo xal electrolysis, anode ah oxidized (diri), iyo cathode la soo celiyey. Waxaa muhiim ah in "kala diridda" ee anode ayaa saamayn ma ku saabsan habka kiimikada dhacda in xalka (dhalaali). Haddii kale - xaaladda aasaasiga ah ee anode waa ay inertness. Sida habboon, waxaa la samayn karaa ee platina, laakiin graphite ah (carbon) anodes ayaa sidoo kale aad wax ku ool.

Waayo, cathode ku haboon doonaa ku dhawaad saxan bir kasta (ma milmi doonaa). Copper, naxaas ah, carbon (graphite), zinc, iyo birta, cathodes aluminium si ballaaran loo adeegsado warshadaha casriga ah.

Iyada oo xal electrolysis ee guriga, ka walxaha shiidaa qalabka duugoobay laga heli karaa sida oxygen, chlorine, hydrogen, copper, ama alkali daciif acid, baaruud. Ha caayaane tijaabo la chlorine - waa sun ah!

Waayo, wax soo saarka ee ogsijiin iyo hydrogen waa in la hoos geliyey in ay xal electrolysis baking soda (alternative - ash soodhaha). Near koronto "+" (anode) waxaa go'doonsan ee foomka of ogsijiin goobooyin at cathode ah ( "-") - hydrogen. On su'aasha ah sababta dib u soo kabashada hydrogen dhacay halkii sodium sida jawaab la malaysan lahayd waxaa laga heli karaa: in stress biraha taxane Na waxaa looga tegey H2, siday u kala horreeyaan, ee tartanka oo ka mid ah hydrogen laba siifilisku adkaaday sodium. Tusaalaha cadaanyo this, waxaan markhaati xal electrolysis ah, dhab ahaantii, u galay electrolysis ee dareeraha ah (oo biyo ah) u soo jeestay.

Isticmaalka xal elektrolytka ah oo ah naxaas sulfate, waxaan u hesho at cathode ee huurada mugdi ah cas, taas oo bir ah oo saafi ah, kabsado copper.

Sida ay natiijada laba tijaabo on electrolysis ka dhigi kara guud qaar ka mid ah. anode Positive noqdo meel lagu soo kabashada ee anions, labada kiis ee kor ku xusan loo arkaa, waxa soo baxday in ogsijiin. At cathode ah, soo kabsanaya ee siifilisku ah hydrogen cadaato in tijaabooyinka our - in qofkii ugu horreeyey ee, copper - in kii labaad. Sida caadiga ah, siifilisku waa bir ama hydrogen, laakiin mararka qaarkood waxay u jeedsadaan laga yaabaa inay ka non-birta iyo gaasaska. Dawladdu waxay qayilo ee element ka ciyaartaa door muhiim ah in geeddi-socodka dib u soo kabashada.