Wilhelm Richard Wagner: Biography A. Richard Wagner iyo shuqulladiisii caan

Wilhelm Richard Wagner - laxamiistaha Jarmal iyo theorist of riwaayadaha, agaasimaha masraxa, kaari, polemicist, oo noqday caan operas, uu ku lahaa saamayn kacaan on music Western. Ka mid ah shuqulladiisa weyn - "The Flying Holland" (1843), "Tannhauser" (1845), "Lohengrin" (1850), "Tristan iyo Isolde" (1865), "Parsifal" (1882 .) iyo tetralogy ah "Der Ring des Nibelungen" (1869-1876 GG.).

Richard Wagner: Biography gaaban iyo hal-abuurka

Wagner waxa uu ku dhashay on May 22, 1813 in Leipzig, in qoyska suubban. Aabbihiis ugu dhakhsaha badan ku dhinteen ka dib markii uu wiilkiisa ku dhashay, oo sannad gudihii hooyadiis guursaday Lyudviga Geyera. Lama oga in actor ee la soo dhaafay sugantahay gafkii hore, wiilka aabbihiis dhabta ah. waxbarashada music Wagner ahaa random, ilaa uu 18, markii uu ku qaatay sano ah Theodore Vaynliga in Leipzig. Waxa uu mustaqbalkiisa ciyaareed ka bilaabay in 1833 sida kaari ah koox isla heesta ee Würzburg iyo ku qoray shuqulladiisii hore, ka dhigay ku dayashada darey jaceyl Jarmal. Waqtigaas, uu ku dayan ugu weyn ahaa Beethoven.

Wagner qoray opera ugu horeysay "Jinku" in 1833, laakiin waxaa loo dhiibay oo kaliya ka dib dhimashadii laxamiistaha ee. Wuxuu ahaa Agaasimaha muusikada oo masraxa ee Magdeburg ka 1834 si ay u 1836, halkaas oo uu shaqo soo socda, "Reebay Love" ku salaysan Shakespeare ee "Cabbirka for Cabbirka", soo gudbisay ee 1836. Opera gaaray Buuqa dhamaystiran iyo sameeyey tiyaatarka kacda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhibaatooyinka dhaqaale ee laxamiistaha buuxda ee Biography oo dhan. Richard Wagner ee isla sannaddaas Königsberg wuxuu guursaday Minna Qorsheeyaha, heesaa iyo aktarada, ayaa si firfircoon uga qayb nolosha ka tiyaatarka gobolka. Dhawr bilood ka dib wuu aqbalay jagada agaasimaha music ee degmada Tiyaatarka, kaas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sidoo kale ugu dhakhsaha badan kacday.

failure ee France iyo Germany laabtay

In 1837, Wagner noqday agaasimaha music koowaad ee masraxa ee Riga. Laba sano ka dib, ka dib markii barashada in uu heshiis aan doonaynin in la kordhiyay, oo hoos cover Habeenka, qarinayaan ka soo deynta iyo ururiya, laba waxay tageen Paris, ayaa rajeynaya in ay gobolka ka dhigi. Richard Wagner, kuwaas oo Biography iyo shaqada ee France waxaad fartaan Wannaagga arrin ka duwan, sida uu qorsheeyey inuu mar waxaa horumariyo nacayb xoogan oo dhaqan muusikada Faransiiska, taas oo uu ku hadhay isaga oo leh ilaa dhamaadka nolosha. Waxay ahayd waqti this, Wagner, ay haysato dhibaato dhaqaale, iibin Opera Paris ee script "Flying Holland ayaa" si ay u isticmaalaan laxamiistaha kale. Later uu ku qoray version kale ee Qisada. Diiday by wareegyada muusikada PSG, Wagner sii waday in ay u dagaalamaan aqoonsiga: curinta music on Qoraallada Faransiis, ku qoray Aria ah Bellini ee "Norma". Laakiin isku dayaysa in ay ku riday shuqullada waxay ahaayeen micne lahayn. In dhamaadka, boqorkii reer Saxony loo ogol yahay in ay ka shaqeeyaan Wagner ee tiyaatarka maxkamadda Dresden, iyo tan keentay in uu nolosha PSG.

Richard Wagner, ceeboobay fashilaad ah, ee 1842. wuxuu ku Germany ku soo laabtay iyo degeen dhaw, halkaas oo uu ka masuul ah music ee goobta cibaadaysiga maxkamadda ahaa. "Rienzi" opera naxdin weyn ee style Faransiiska, guulo suubban. Overture ka weli waa caan. In 1845, in Dresden, Ciyaar ka mid ah "Tannhauser." Waxa ay ahayd guul ugu horeysay oo muuqda in mustaqbalkiisa Wagner ee. Bishii November ee sanadkii la mid ah uu dhameystirtay qorniinkii uu qoray buuga- ee opera "Lohengrin" bilowga ah ee 1846 bilaabeen inay u qor iyada music. Isla mar ahaantaana, la dhacsan yihiin oo ay kamid Scandinavian, wuxuu u sameeyey qorshe uu tetralogy "The Ring of Nibelung ah." In 1845, wuxuu ka diyaariyey script ee riwaayadaha ugu horeysay ee tetralogy ah "Dhimashadii Siegfried," taasi oo markii dambe waxaa magacooda loo baxshay "ayuu Twilight ilaahyada."

Richard Wagner: Biography gaaban. sano ee masaafuriska

kacaanka ee 1848 ka qarxay magaalooyin badan ee Germany. iyaga ka mid ahaa dhaw, ka qaybgale firfircoon dhaqdhaqaaqa kacaan oo noqday Richard Wagner. Biography iyo shaqada laxamiistaha ugu badan sabab u mudadaas uu noolaa. Waxa uu daabacay tirades hawadda ee magazine qaranka, shakhsi ahaan ka mid ah ciidamada Saxon qaybinta manifestos, iyo xitaa ka badbaaday dabka ee munaaraddii, uu wax ka daawaday dhaqdhaqaaqa ciidamada. May 16, 1849 amar la soo saaray oo uu ku qabtay. Iyada oo lacag ah saaxiibada iyo mustaqbalka in-sharciga Franz Liszt uu ka dhaw cararay oo u safray via Paris si Switzerland. Waxaa, horeysay ee Zurich ka dibna u dhow Luzern ee 15 sano ee soo socda iyo waxaad fartaan Wannaagga uu Biography. Richard Wagner noolaa, adigoo aan shaqo joogto ah, ka Germany laga eryo, la mamnuuc inay ka qayb qaataan nolosha masraxa Jarmal. waagaas oo dhan uu ka shaqeeyay on the "Ring des Nibelungen" in uu naftiisa hal abuur heysatay labada sano ee soo socda.

dhaqangalka hore ee opera Richard Wagner ee "Lohengrin" lagu qabtay Weimar hoos jihada of Franz Liszt ee 1850 (qoraaga ma uu arkin isaga oo shaqada ka hor 1861). Waqtigaa laxamiistaha ugu Jarmal ayaa sidoo kale caan ka ah sida polemicist ah, oo shuqulkiisuna wuxuu akhriska asaasiga ah, "Opera iyo Drama" soo baxay ee 1850-1851 GG. Waxay ka hadlaysaa muhiimadda ay leedahay halyeeyo ah ee masraxa iyo sida loo qoro baalasha shaabadaysan, oo ay soo bandhigay in fikirradiisiina wuu ku saabsan hirgelinta ee "shaqada guud ee tahay" in beddeleen nolosha masrixiyada in Germany, haddii aanay dunidu.

In 1850, Wagner waxaa la daabacay essay "Yuhuudda ee Music", taas oo uu su'aal ka keenay suurtogalnimada aad jiritaanka laxamiistaha ugu Yuhuudda iyo muusikiiste, gaar ahaan bulshada Jarmal. Anti-Nacayb hadhay astaanta ah in uu yahay falsafada nolosha.

In 1933, Midowga Soofiyeeti, buugga waxaa la daabacay ee "Life of Cajiib Dadka" taxane AA Sidorova "Richard Wagner." Biography kooban oo laxamiistaha ugu Jarmal Horeeyey erayada Lunacharsky in waa in aan dunida caydhaysaan, gudbaya uu shaqada, laakiin sidoo kale sulilos "halaagna wuxuu u sugnaaday mid ka mid ah kuwa sii dayn doonaa saaxir this ee naga xerada."

shaqo badan dhala

Richard Wagner shuqullada ugu caansan qoray intii u dhexaysay 1850 iyo 1865 - iyaga maanta uu leeyahay sumcadiisa. laxamiistaha ugu ula kac ah shaqada ka socda iska weligood si ay u abuuraan wareegga ah Tacaddi of this magnitude, oo aan ninna isaga ka hor ma encroach. In 1851, Wagner qoray buuga- ee "Young Siegfried", ka dib loo magacaabay "Siegfried" si ay u diyaariyaan dhulka ee "Twilight ilaahyada." Waxa uu ogaaday in si ay u qiil ay shaqo kale, marka lagu daro, waxaa u baahan doontaa inaad ku qortaa laba riwaayadaha dheeraad ah, iyo dhamaadka 1851 Wagner sketched text haray ee "siddo". Wuu dhammeeyey "Das Rheingold" ee 1852 ka dib markii dib u eegis ee buuga- in ay "Valkyrie."

In 1853, laxamiistaha ayaa si rasmi ah u bilawday qoraalka "Das Rheingold". orchestration ayaa la dhameeyey 1854th. shaqada Next si wayn bilaabay Richard Wagner, "Die Walküre", waxaa lagu dhameeyey 1856-m. Wakhtigan wuxuu bilaabay inuu ka fikiro qoraal "Tristan iyo Isolde". In 1857, fal labaad ee "Siegfried" ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey iyo laxamiistaha ugu buuxda Hawiyaha ee maqaalka "Tristan." Shaqada Tani ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey in 1859, laakiin ay Ciyaar ka dhacay oo keliya ee 1865 ee Munich.

Sanadihii la soo dhaafay

In 1860, Wilhelm Richard Wagner helay ogolaansho inuu ku laabto Germany, marka laga reebo Saxony. cafis Full waxaa isaga sugaya in laba sano. In isla sanadkaas wuxuu bilaabay qoraal music for opera ee "The Mastersingers ee Nuremberg", kaas oo lagu uuraysan 1845-m. Wagner dib u bilaabay shaqo on "Siegfried" in 1865 iyo bilaabay samaynta Dakatu mustaqbalka "Parsifal", rajadii reer binu uu dhawrin tan iyo bartamihii 1840s-. opera laxamiistaha bilaabay at adkeysaneyso uu sokoeye iyo Boqortooyada Bavarian Ludwig II. "Die Meistersinger" ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey 1867. Ciyaar waxaa la qabtay Munich sanadka soo socda. Kaliya in ka dib markii uu ahaa awoodaan in ay dib u bilaabaan shaqada on fal saddexaad ee "Siegfried", kaas oo lagu dhameeyey September 1869. Isla bishaa, markii ugu horaysay la sameeyaa opera "Das Rheingold". music The for the "Twilight ilaahyada," laxamiistaha ugu qoray inta u dhaxaysa 1869 iyo 1874tii

Waayo, markii ugu horeysay ee wareegga buuxa "Der Ring des Nibelungen" ( "Das Rheingold," "Die Walküre", "Siegfried" iyo "Twilight ilaahyada") waxaa la dilay ee "Festspielhaus", tiyaatarka iid in Wagner dhisay nafsaddiisa u bixinayo in Bayreuth ee 1876 ka, 30 sano ka dib ka dib markii fikrad taas horta waxaa isagii u yimid. Waxa uu dhameystiray shaqada on "Parsifal", uu riwaayadaha ugu dambeeyay ee 1882. February 13, 1883kii in Venice, Richard Wagner dhintay, oo waxaa lagu aasay Bayreuth.

tetralogy Philosophy

"The Ring of Nibelung ah" meedka meesha dhexe ee shaqo ee Wagner. Halkan uu doonayo in uu soo bandhigo fikrado cusub oo anshaxa iyo ficilka dadka, kuwaas oo si buuxda u koorsada taariikhda bedelay lahaa. Isagu wuxuu dunida xorta ah ee ku caabudayay gurigii addoonsiga ka sarraysa, oo uu rumaysan yahay ay saamayn xun ku ilbaxnimada reer galbeedka ka Greece qadiimiga ah ilaa maantadan la joogo la rogmato. Wagner sidoo kale loo arkaa isha dhammaan hawlaha aadanaha ka cabsada waa in laga takhaluso ninkaasuna wuxuu ahaa nin ay awoodaan in ay ku noolaadaan nolol kaamil ah. The "Ring of Nibelungen ah" ayuu isku dayay in uu sharaxo heerka sare ee dadka, wax walba oo ay xukumaan doonaa kuwa ka yar nasiib. Taa baddalkeeda, sida laga soo xigtay isaga si, dadbaa u leedahay in la aqoonsado ay xaaladda u hooseeya iyo ku siin quruxda geesi ku haboon. Dhibaatooyinka search of khayroon daahirnimo moral iyo jinsiyadda la xiriira, waa qayb muhiim ah oo qorshaha, oo aannaan Richard Wagner.

Shuqullada laxamiistaha ugu sameeyaa by aaminsan in kaliya wadar ahaan bilowga ah ee waayo-aragnimo ah oo dareen ka caqabadaha ugu macquulsan xoreeyn karaan nin. Wax kasta oo dhici karta in ay ku sirdoonka qiimo leh, in nololi waxaa loo arkaa Wagner caqabad u gaaro ninka ugu dhameystiran ee wacyigelinta. Kaliya marka nin ku haboon oo naagtii waxay ku fiican isu yimaadaan, image geesinimada dhaafsiisantahay la abuuri karo. Oo Siegfried Brungilda steel laga badinin ka dib markii loo gudbiyay midba midka kale; la'aanteen iyaga ka joojin doonaa inay qummanaado.

In dunida awaalka Wagner ee ma jirto meel naxariis iyo Niyadda. Go'an oo keliya ku faraxnaa kasta oo kale. Markaasaa dadkii oo dhammu waxay u baahan yihiin in la aqoonsado Fadilmo ee qaar ka mid ah xayawaanka, ka dibna sujuudi iyaga siday doonayeen. Qof ka raadin kartaa uu aayahooda, laakiin waa in uu adeeca doonista ugu sarreeya, haddii waddooyinkeeda ay ka gudbaan. The "Ring of Nibelungen ah" Wagner doonayay in uu dib ugu ilbaxnimada dunida Hellenic-awowyaasha-Christian dhaxlay jeedin. Waxa uu doonayay inuu arko dunida, oo waxaa ku badan, xoog iyo wildness, sung ee xore Norse. Cawaaqib xumada falsafada this mustaqbalka ee Germany noqday musiibo.

Falsafadda operas kale

In "Tristan," Wagner ayaa gabi ahaanba beddelay waajahay, horumariyo isaga by ee "Ring of Nibelung ah." Halkii, ayuu sahamiyey dhinaca mugdiga ah ee jacaylka ay u quusin galay moolka dheer oo waayo aragnimo xun. Tristan iyo Isolde, la xoreeyay, ma Dhibka qurub jacaylka ay leeyihiin cabbay, doonaya inuu boqortooyada baabbi'in, kalgacayl iyo in ay ku noolaadaan; awood erya jacaylka waxaa halkan sida burbur loo arkaa, iyo style chromaticism muusikada iyo pulsations orchestral badan yihiin haboon riwaayadaha wararka ballanka.

Narcissism Wagner, oo aan ahaa dulqaad wax kasta laakiin indhaha la'aa waxaa loo ayna duleella ay, si ay foodda soo galay "Die Meistersinger." Sheekadu waxay ku saabsan tahay dhallinyaro ah geesiga-gabayaa ahaa inay qabsadaan, si hore oo u dhowow hoos ah, style ka xiiso badan ku cusub dhaqanka la xiriira shirkadda ee Nuremberg - sheeko cirfiid oo ka mid ah "giraanta" lagu fuliyay wax yar oo kala duwan ah. Wagner si cad u sheegay in "Tristan" waa "Ring" ee Ghadafi. Sida iska cad, in "Die Meistersinger" laxamiistaha tilmaamaysaa la tiradaasi ku saabsan Masiixa ee ah Abwaan Jarmal dhalinyaro ah oo gabayaa ahaa, kuwaas oo ku guulaystay abaalmarinta, iyo ugu dambayntii ay qaateen oo amiir u ahaa bulshada cusub - si hoose ugu taaban qoraaga khayaali iyo Biography. Richard Wagner "Parsifal" ka sii culus qudhiisu tilmaamaysaa la geesi-badbaadiye, aarsadaa uu dunida ku. sacraments The, iyo ammaan ku gabyeen in opera, iyagaa u noqon doonaa ammaanta ah qoraaga, oo aan ilaah kale.

Afka muusikada

Baaxadda ay leedahay aragti Wagner waa sida xiiso leh sida kada uu maanka iyo metaphysics. Aan music, uu riwaayadaha weli sii joogi doono dalka durkiya ee taariikhda fikirka reer galbeedka. Richard Wagner, kuwaas oo music badiyaa qiimaha marar badan shuqulkiisii uu, waxya afka, fiican ka dhigan inuu falsafada. Wuxuu damacsanaa inuu Maansheeyo iska caabin ah oo ka mid ah ciidamada of sabab by yahay muusikada. Sida habboon, oo luuq waa in weligiis socon, oo cod iyo qoraal ah qayb ka mid ah dhar, Dharkeeda web a heer sare ah orchestration yihiin. luqadda afka ah, oo inta badan aad u dahsoon iyo syntactically ciqaabta, waxaa ogolaaday oo kaliya iyada oo loo marayo music.

Waayo, music Wagner ee sinaba ma ahayn oo dheeraad ku ah, ayaa ka muuqda riwaayadaha ka dib markii ay dhamaystirka, iyo waxa badan layli in hadalkiisaa rasmi ah ahayd, "tahay, waayo, waxaad tahay daraaddiis." Waxaa xidhana nolosha iyo farshaxanka, xaqiiqada iyo dhalanteed ah ee ururka hal furno, tijaabiso ay saamayn Sixir u gaar ah oo ku saabsan dhagaystayaasha. luqadda muusikada Wagner ee loogu tala galay in debunk buuxa iyo sababi aqbalo unquestioning of aaminsan laxamiistaha ee. In Wagner akhri Schopenhauer ruwaayado muusikada haboon - tani ma aha mid muujisa dunida, laakiin dunidu qaaddeen.

tayada shakhsi ah

natiijada ah nolosha hal abuurka leh ee Wagner noocan oo kale ah ma dhihi wax ku saabsan dhibaatooyin aan caadi ahayn in uu nolashiisa qaaska ah, kuwaas oo, ee jeedo, saameyn ah uu opera. run ahaantii wuxuu ahaa shakhsi burjiga ayaa ka adkaan cidhiidhi. In Switzerland, laxamiistaha ugu noolaa deeqaha la helo iyadoo la kaashanayo sanco la yaab leh oo awood u leh inay isku dubaridi dadka. Gaar ahaan, waxaa ka qayb qaatay ee fayo-qabka ah ee qoyska Wesendonck ah, iyo Matilda Vezendonk, mid ka mid ah saaxiibbo badan ee Wagner u waxyoonay si ay u qoraan "Tristan."

nolosha laxamiistaha ayaa ka dib bixitaankii Saxony ahaa taxane ah oo joogta ah arrin sir ah, muran, isku dayaysa in ay ka gudbaan warheynta dunida, Boogaadin naagtii kaamil ah ayuu istaahilaa jacaylka, iyo gargaare qaataha ku haboon istaahila in lacag taas oo u noqon karta. Cosima von Bülow Liszt ahayd jawaabta uu baaris naagta kaamil ah, obsequiously iyo fanatically la xarrimay in ay fayo-qabka. Iyadoo Wagner iyo Minna markii qaar ka mid ah oo keliya ku noolaa, isagu ma uu ahaa mid ay isqabeen Cosimo, 1870, ku dhawaad toban sano ka dib dhimashadii uu naagtiisa ka horeysay. 30 sano ka yar tahay ninkeeda, inta kale Cosima heli jiray cimrigiisii oo laftiisa ka go'an tiyaatarka Wagner ee Bayreuth. Wuxuu ku geeriyooday 1930

Waxaa cadeeyay sokoeye iyo kahyraadka Ludwig II, kuwaas oo macno ahaan ku badbaadi Wagner xabsiga qaamaysan 'iyo dhaqaaqay laxamiistaha ugu Munich la Blanche ku dhowaad carte u ah nolosha iyo shaqada. Crown Daabacashooyinka Lyudvig ee Bavaria ka qeyb galay Ciyaar ka mid ah "Lohengrin" at da'da shan iyo toban. Waxa uu jecel yahay Richard Wagner - ma ilmada farxadda duulayaan indhihiisa mar jecel tayo sar sare ee laxamiistaha lagu jiro qaab ciyaareed. Opera noqotay saldhigga King of Bavaria adduunka khiyaali ah, taas oo uu inta badan ku orday galay iyada nolosha dadka waaweyn. Uu jaceeylka la operas Wagner ee keentay in dhismaha Daar ekayd kala duwan. "Neuschwanstein" malaha waa qaabka ugu caansan, waxyoonay by shuqullada laxamiistaha ugu Jarmal.

Ka dib markii uu samatabbixinta, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Wagner dhaqantay si weerar in ay ku Daynanaa Iyagoo sujuudi Boqortooyada dhallinyarada in 2 sano ka dib waxaa lagu qasbay in ay ka cararaan. Ludwig, in kasta oo uu uga xun yahay, wuxuu ahaa taageeraha ugu weyin ee laxamiistaha ugu. Thanks to uu deeqsinimada ee 1876 la sameeyey qaab xafladda ugu horeysay suurto galka ah ee "Der Ring des Nibelungen" in Bayreuth.

Difficile Wagner dhaadhiciyay uu Fadilmo, iyo sannado ah u noqday fikrad manic. Wuxuu ahaa xejin ee wax shaki ah, gaabin kasta oo isaga iyo curiyay uu qaadan. Wax walba oo uu guriga kaliya qabtay waddammo isaga ku wareegsan, iyo sheegashadii xaasaska, Zino, saaxiibada, fannaaniin iyo lasiman ahaayeen qaali ah. Tusaale ahaan, Hanslick, naqdiya caan ah Viennese music, wuxuu noqday noocooda ah Bekmessera in "Die Meistersinger."

Marka Faylasuuf yar oo Fridrih Nitsshe ugu horeysay la kulmay Wagner, wuxuu u maleeyey in uu ka soo noqdo jidkiisa in Ilaah laga helay, sidaas nuuri oo xoog loogu ekeysiiyey in. Later Nietzsche ogaaday in laxamiistaha ugu waa wax badan ka yar jidh kaamil ah Superman, sida uu isaga u soo muuqatay, oo iska jeedasho jeestay. Wagner marnaba u dhaafay uu diyaarad Nietzsche.

Place ee taariikhda

In dib loo eego gaaro Wagner bi'isaa dhaqankiisa, iyo dhaxalka. Waxa uu maamulo si ay u noolaadaan diidmada la saadaalin karo qarniyo xiga ee composers. Wagner abuuray wax ku ool ah, luqadda sida an u gaar ah muusig, gaar ahaan "Tristan" iyo "Parsifal" in bilowgii music casriga ah waxaa inta badan ku taariikhaysan wakhtiga ugu dhacdo of operas kuwan.

Richard Wagner, shuqulladiisa oo caan ah aan ku xaddidnayn formalism saafi ah iyo horumarinta afka baarkiisa aan la taaban karin, waxay muujisay in music waa xoog ku nool in ka bedeli kartaa nolosha dadka. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa la cadeeyay in masraxa riwaayado waa gole fikrado, ma goobta looga cararana xaqiiqada iyo madadaalada. Oo isna wuxuu tusay in laxamiistaha ugu badani qaadan kartaa meeshiisii ka mid ah aqoon yahanno weyn kacaan ilbaxnimada reer galbeedka, su'aalo iyo weerarka waxa u muuqday aan la aqbali karin hab dhaqanka ee dhaqanka, waayo-aragnimo, waxbarasho iyo farshaxanka. Wada jir ah ula Karlom Marksom iyo Charles Darwin Richard Wagner Biography, hal-abuurka, laxamiistaha music istaahilo in ay qaataan ay meel loo eeliyaa ee taariikhda dhaqanka ee qarnigii XIX ah.